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Phonoi
In Greek mythology, the Phonoi (, from the plural of ) are collectively the personification of murder. In Hesiod's ''Theogony'', the Phonoi are listed among the children of Eris (Strife). The Phonoi are named in line 228 of the ''Theogony'', which lists four personified plural abstractions, the Hysminai (Combats), the Machai (Battles), the Phonoi (Murders), and the Androktasiai (Slaughters), as being among the offspring of Eris (Strife): :Ὑσμίνας τε Μάχας τε Φόνους τ’ Ἀνδροκτασίας τε The nearly identical line, listing the same four abstractions (without capitalizations, and with different case endings), in the same order, occurs in Homer's ''Odyssey'', where Odysseus describes the decorations on Heracles' golden belt: :ὑσμῖναί τε μάχαι τε φόνοι τ᾿ ἀνδροκτασίαι τε. Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Phonoi are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theogony
The ''Theogony'' () is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogy, genealogies of the Greek gods, composed . It is written in the Homeric Greek, epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one of the most important sources for the understanding of early Greek cosmology. Descriptions Hesiod's ''Theogony'' is a large-scale synthesis of a vast variety of local Greece, Greek traditions concerning the gods, organized as a narrative that tells how they came to be and how they established permanent control over the cosmos. It is the first known Greece, Greek mythical cosmogony. The initial state of the universe is Chaos (mythology), chaos, a dark indefinite void considered a divine primordial condition from which everything else appeared. Theogonies are a part of Greek mythology which embodies the desire to articulate reality as a whole; this universalizing impulse was fundamental for the first later projects of speculative theorizing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eris (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Eris () is the goddess and personification of strife and discord, particularly in war, and in the ''Iliad'' (where she is the "sister" of Ares the god of war). According to Hesiod she was the daughter of primordial Nyx (Night), and the mother of a long list of undesirable personified abstractions, such as Ponos (Toil), Limos (Famine), Algea (Pains) and Ate (Delusion). Eris initiated a quarrel between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, which led to the Judgement of Paris and ultimately the Trojan War. Eris's Roman equivalent is Discordia. According to Hesiod, there was another Eris, separate and distinct from Eris the daughter of Nyx, who was beneficial to men. Etymology The name derives from the noun ''eris'', with stem ''erid-'', which means "strife, discord" and is of uncertain etymology; connections with the verb "to raise, stir, excite" and the proper name have been suggested. R. S. P. Beekes sees no strong evidence for this relation and excludes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androktasiai
In Greek mythology, the Androktasiai ( ('Manslaughters', 'Manslayings', 'Slayings of Men'), from the plural of ) are collectively the personification of the slaughter of men in battle. The Androktasiai are named in line 228 of Hesiod's ''Theogony'', which lists four personified plural abstractions, the Hysminai (Battles), the Machai (Wars), the Phonoi (Murders), and the Androktasiai, as being among the several offspring of Eris (Strife): The nearly identical line, listing the same four abstractions (without capitalizations, and with different case endings), in the same order, occurs in Homer's ''Odyssey'', where Odysseus describes the decorations on Heracles' golden belt: Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Phonoi are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and representing one of the many harmful things which might be thought to result from discord and strife, with no other identity.Hardp. 31 Gantz, p. 10. The singular personific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eris (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Eris () is the goddess and personification of strife and discord, particularly in war, and in the ''Iliad'' (where she is the "sister" of Ares the god of war). According to Hesiod she was the daughter of primordial Nyx (Night), and the mother of a long list of undesirable personified abstractions, such as Ponos (Toil), Limos (Famine), Algea (Pains) and Ate (Delusion). Eris initiated a quarrel between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite, which led to the Judgement of Paris and ultimately the Trojan War. Eris's Roman equivalent is Discordia. According to Hesiod, there was another Eris, separate and distinct from Eris the daughter of Nyx, who was beneficial to men. Etymology The name derives from the noun ''eris'', with stem ''erid-'', which means "strife, discord" and is of uncertain etymology; connections with the verb "to raise, stir, excite" and the proper name have been suggested. R. S. P. Beekes sees no strong evidence for this relation and excludes the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysminai
In Greek mythology, the Hysminai or Hysminae (, from the plural of ) are collectively the personification of combat. In Hesiod's ''Theogony The ''Theogony'' () is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogy, genealogies of the Greek gods, composed . It is written in the Homeric Greek, epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 1,022 lines. It is one ...'', the Hysminai are listed among the children of Eris (mythology), Eris (Strife). Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Hysminai are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and representing one of the many harmful things which might be thought to result from discord and strife, with no other identity. The ''Posthomerica'' of Quintus Smyrnaeus describes the images decorating the shield of Achilles, which, among others such as Eris, the Furies, and the war-goddess Enyo, also included the Hysminai, alongside Thanatos (Death): The Roman mythographer Ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machai
In Greek mythology, the Machai or Machae (, from the plural of ) are collectively the personification of battle and war. In Hesiod's ''Theogony'', the Machai are listed among the children of Eris (Strife). Like all of the children of Eris given by Hesiod, the Machai are a personified abstraction, allegorizing the meaning of their name, and representing one of the many harmful things which might be thought to result from discord and strife, with no other identity. Associations Hesiod's ''Theogony'', line 228, lists four personified plural abstractions, the Hysminai (Combats), the Machai (Battles), the Phonoi (Murders), and the Androktasiai (Slaughters), as being among the offspring of Eris (Strife): :Ὑσμίνας τε Μάχας τε Φόνους τ’ Ἀνδροκτασίας τε These four abstractions were associated in other ancient poetry. The same four, in the same order, occur in a line from Homer's ''Odyssey'', where Odysseus describes the decorations on Heracle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology. These stories concern the ancient Greek religion's view of the Cosmogony, origin and Cosmology#Metaphysical cosmology, nature of the world; the lives and activities of List of Greek deities, deities, Greek hero cult, heroes, and List of Greek mythological creatures, mythological creatures; and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' cult (religious practice), cult and ritual practices. Modern scholars study the myths to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece, and to better understand the nature of mythmaking itself. The Greek myths were initially propagated in an oral tradition, oral-poetic tradition most likely by Minoan civilization, Minoan and Mycenaean Greece, Mycenaean singers starting in the 18th century&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oresteia
The ''Oresteia'' () is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus in the 5th century BC, concerning the murder of Agamemnon by Clytemnestra, the murder of Clytemnestra by Orestes, the trial of Orestes, the end of the curse on the House of Atreus and the pacification of the Furies (also called Erinyes or Eumenides). The ''Oresteia'' trilogy consists of three plays: ''Agamemnon'', ''The Libation Bearers'', and ''The Eumenides''. It shows how the Greek gods interacted with the characters and influenced their decisions pertaining to events and disputes. The only extant example of an ancient Greek theatre trilogy, the ''Oresteia'' won first prize at the Dionysia festival in 458 BC. The principal themes of the trilogy include the contrast between revenge and justice, as well as the transition from personal vendetta to organized litigation. ''Oresteia'' originally included a satyr play, ''Proteus'' (), following the tragic trilogy, but all except a single line of ''Proteus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libation-Bearers
The ''Oresteia'' () is a trilogy of Greek tragedies written by Aeschylus in the 5th century BC, concerning the murder of Agamemnon by Clytemnestra, the murder of Clytemnestra by Orestes, the trial of Orestes, the end of the curse on the House of Atreus and the pacification of the Furies (also called Erinyes or Eumenides). The ''Oresteia'' trilogy consists of three plays: ''Agamemnon'', ''The Libation Bearers'', and ''The Eumenides''. It shows how the Greek gods interacted with the characters and influenced their decisions pertaining to events and disputes. The only extant example of an ancient Greek theatre trilogy, the ''Oresteia'' won first prize at the Dionysia festival in 458 BC. The principal themes of the trilogy include the contrast between revenge and justice, as well as the transition from personal vendetta to organized litigation. ''Oresteia'' originally included a satyr play, ''Proteus'' (), following the tragic trilogy, but all except a single line of ''Proteus'' has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posthomerica
The ''Posthomerica'' () is an epic poem in Greek hexameter verse by Quintus of Smyrna. Probably written in the 3rd century AD, it tells the story of the Trojan War, between the death of Hector and the fall of Troy, Ilium (Troy). The poem is an abridgement of the events described in the epic poems ''Aethiopis'' and ''Iliou Persis'' by Arctinus of Miletus, and the ''Little Iliad'' by Lesches, all now-lost poems of the Epic Cycle. The first four books, covering the same ground as the ''Aethiopis'', describe the doughty deeds and deaths of Penthesileia the Amazons, Amazon, of Memnon (mythology), Memnon, son of the Morning, and of Achilles; and the funeral games in honour of Achilles. Books five through twelve, covering the same ground as the ''Little Iliad'', span from the contest between Telamonian Ajax, Ajax and Odysseus for the arms of Achilles, the death of Ajax by suicide after his loss, the exploits of Neoptolemus, Eurypylus (king of Thessaly), Eurypylus and Deiphobus, the death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus Smyrnaeus
Quintus Smyrnaeus (also Quintus of Smyrna; , ''Kointos Smyrnaios'') was a Greek epic poet whose ''Posthomerica'', following "after Homer", continues the narration of the Trojan War. The dates of Quintus Smyrnaeus' life and poetry are disputed: by tradition, he is thought to have lived in the latter part of the 4th century AD, but earlier dates have also been proposed. His epic in fourteen books, known as the ''Posthomerica'', covers the period between the end of Homer's ''Iliad'' and the end of the Trojan War. Its primary importance is as the earliest surviving work to cover this period, the archaic works in the Epic Cycle, which he knew and drew upon, having been lost. His materials are borrowed from the cyclic poems from which Virgil (with whose works he was probably acquainted) also drew, in particular the ''Aethiopis'' (''Coming of Memnon'') and the '' Iliupersis'' (''Destruction of Troy'') of Arctinus of Miletus, and the '' Ilias Mikra'' (''Little Iliad'') of Lesches. His w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timothy Gantz
Timothy Nolan Gantz (23 December 1945 – 20 January 2004) was an American classical scholar and the author of ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources''. Education and career Gantz received his Bachelor of Arts from Haverford College in 1967, and his Ph.D. in Classics from Princeton University in 1970. From 1970, Gantz was a long-time professor of classics at the University of Georgia, where he directed its "Studies Abroad in Rome" program from 1985 to 2003. ''Early Greek Myth'' In 1993, he published his book ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', a compendium of Greek mythology and its sources, which puts particular emphasis on earlier sources of the Archaic period. The work's stated purpose was to study Greek myths with particular consideration for the surviving ancient sources we have for them, and for how the authors and artists who produced these sources may have themselves conceived of Greek myth. The book was received positive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
