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Philomycidae
Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs (snails without shells or with only shell remnants). They are terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea (according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005), taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). The family Philomycidae has no subfamilies. Distribution Slugs in this family are found in China, Japan, the East Indies, central and eastern North America, and through Central America into northern South America. Anatomy Members of this family most obviously differ from related slugs in that their mantles are broadly rounded, and very large, covering the entire body. (In mollusks, the mantle consists of the tissues that normally generate the shell. Being mostly or entirely without shells, most slugs have reduced mantles.) Pilsbry (1948) stated that "the enormously developed mantle (mollusc), mantle, the large empty shell sac, and the insertions o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallifera
''Pallifera'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, Terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Philomycidae. Species Species include: *''Pallifera costaricensis'' (Mörch, 1857) *''Pallifera dorsalis'' (Binney, 1842) – pale mantleslug * ''Pallifera fosteri'' – Foster mantleslug * ''Pallifera hemphilli'' – black mantleslug * ''Pallifera marmorea'' – marbled mantleslug * ''Pallifera megaphallica'' – woody mantleslug * ''Pallifera ohioensis'' – redfoot mantleslug * ''Pallifera pilsbryi'' – Arizona mantleslug * ''Pallifera ragsdalei'' – whiteface mantleslug * ''Pallifera secreta'' – severed mantleslug * ''Pallifera tournescalis'' – Ouachita mantleslug * ''Pallifera varia'' – variable mantleslug Cladogram A cladogram based on sequences of Main subunit of cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome-c oxidase I (COI) genes showing phylogenic relations of genera in the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meghimatium
''Meghimatium'' is a genus of medium to large air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Philomycidae Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs (snails without shells or with only shell remnants). They are terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea (according to the Taxonomy of the G ... and the superfamily Arionoidea, the roundback slugs. Species Species within the genus ''Meghimatium'' include: * '' Meghimatium burchi'' Tsai & Wu, 2008 — from Taiwan * '' Meghimatium bilineatum'' (Benson, 1842) — from Taiwan * '' Meghimatium fruhstorferi'' (Collinge, 1901) — from Taiwan * '' Meghimatium pictum'' (Stoliczka, 1873) — from Taiwan * '' Meghimatium rugosum'' (Chen & Gao, 1982) — from Taiwan * '' Meghimatium striatum'' Hasselt, 1824 — from Java * '' Meghimatium uniforme'' Laidlaw, 1937 — from North Borneo References Further reading * Tsai C. L., Lin H. H. & Wu S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megapallifera Mutabilis
''Megapallifera mutabilis'', common name the changeable mantleslug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Philomycidae. It eats primarily algae, and lives in live trees such as American beech American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p .... The species is native to eastern North America. References * Philomycidae Gastropods described in 1951 Gastropods of North America {{Philomycidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Love Dart
A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcium carbonate, calcareous or chitinous Dart (missile), dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stored internally in a dart sac. These darts are made in sexually mature animals only, and are used as part of the sequence of events during courtship display, courtship, before actual mating takes place. Darts are quite large compared to the size of the animal: in the case of the semi-slug genus ''Parmarion'', the length of a dart can be up to one fifth that of the semi-slug's foot. The process of using love darts in snails is a form of sexual selection. Prior to copulation (zoology), copulation, each of the two snails (or slugs) attempts to "shoot" one (or more) darts into the other snail (or slug). There is no organ to receive the dart; this action is more analogous to stabbing, or to being shot with an arrow or flechette. The dart does not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megapallifera
''Megapallifera'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Philomycidae. Species Species within the genus ''Megapallifera'' include: * ''Megapallifera mutabilis ''Megapallifera mutabilis'', common name the changeable mantleslug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Philomycidae. It eats primarily algae, and lives in live trees such as American b ...'' References Nomenclator Zoologicus info Philomycidae {{Philomycidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semi-slugs (this is in contrast to the common name ''snail'', which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that they can fully retract their soft parts into it). Various taxonomic families of land slugs form part of several quite different evolutionary lineages, which also include snails. Thus, the various families of slugs are not closely related, despite the superficial similarity in overall body form. The shell-less condition has arisen many times independently as an example of convergent evolution, and thus the category "slug" is polyphyletic. Taxonomy Of the six orders of Pulmonata, two – the Onchidiacea and Soleolifera – solely comprise slugs. A third group, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantle (mollusc)
The mantle (also known by the Latin language, Latin word pallium meaning mantle, robe or cloak, adjective pallial) is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsum (biology), dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself. In many species of molluscs the Epidermis (skin), epidermis of the mantle secretes calcium carbonate and conchiolin, and creates a mollusc shell, shell. In sea slugs there is a progressive loss of the shell and the mantle becomes the dorsal surface of the animal. The words mantle and pallium both originally meant ‘cloak’ or ‘cape’; see mantle (vesture). This anatomical structure in molluscs often resembles a cloak because in many groups the edges of the mantle, usually referred to as the ''mantle margin'', extend far beyond the main part of the body, forming flaps, double-layered structures which have been adapted for many different uses, including for e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meghimatium Fruhstorferi
''Meghimatium fruhstorferi'' is a species of medium to large air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Philomycidae Philomycidae are a family of air-breathing land slugs (snails without shells or with only shell remnants). They are terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea (according to the Taxonomy of the G ... and the superfamily Arionacea, the roundback slugs. Distribution Its distribution is Japan and Taiwan. Subspecies: * ''Meghimatium fruhstorferi daiseniana'' (Cockerell) References Further reading * Chang N. S., Jeong K. H. & Kim Y. U. (1995). "Morphological and histochemical studies on the hermaphroditic and male reproductive organs of a Korean slug ''Incilaria fruhstorferi''". ''Korean J. Malacol.'' 11: 78-91. External links * Philomycidae Molluscs of Japan Molluscs of Taiwan Gastropods described in 1901 Taxa named by Walter Collinge {{Philomycidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philomycus
''Philomycus'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the family Philomycidae, the mantleslugs.Capinera, J. L., et alTerrestrial Slugs of Florida (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora).EENY-493 (IN891). Entomology and Nematology. Florida Cooperative Extension Service. University of Florida IFAS. Published 2011, revised 2013. Biology These slugs create and use love darts as part of their mating behavior.Tompa, A. S. (1980). The ultrastructure and mineralogy of the dart from ''Philomycus carolinianus'' (Pulmonata: Gastropoda) with a brief survey of the occurrence of darts in land snails. ''Veliger'' 23, 35-42. Species Species within the genus ''Philomycus'' include: * '' Philomycus batchi'' - dusky mantleslug * '' Philomycus bilineatus'' * '' Philomycus bisdosus'' - grayfoot mantleslug * '' Philomycus cardmensis'' * ''Philomycus carolinianus'' - Carolina mantleslug * '' Philomycus dorsalis'' * ''Philomycus flexuolaris ''Philomycus'' is a genus of air-breathing land slugs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and from the land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and sea slug, slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Furongian, Late Cambrian. , 721 family (taxonomy), families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently neontology, extant living fossil, with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxonomy Of The Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised in 2005 by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is a system for the scientific classification of gastropod mollusks (Gastropods are a taxonomic class of animals which consists of snails and slugs of every kind, from the land, from freshwater, and from saltwater). The paper setting out this taxonomy was published in the journal '' Malacologia''. The system encompasses both living and extinct groups, as well as some fossils whose classification as gastropods is uncertain. The Bouchet & Rocroi system was the first complete gastropod taxonomy that primarily employed the concept of clades, and was derived from research on molecular phylogenetics; in this context a clade is a "natural grouping" of organisms based upon a statistical cluster analysis. In contrast, most of the previous overall taxonomic schemes for gastropods relied on morphological features to classify these animals, and used taxon ranks such as order, superorder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and several marine families. The taxon Pulmonata as traditionally defined was found to be polyphyletic in a molecular study per Jörger ''et al.'', dating from 2010. Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous period to the present. Pulmonates have a single atrium and kidney, and a concentrated symmetrical nervous system. The mantle cavity is on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts. Linnean taxonomy The taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
