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Philippine Executive Order 10
Executive Order No. 10 was signed on December 7, 2016, by President of the Philippines, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte which created a consultative committee to review the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. The move officially set in motion the process for amending the 30-year-old charter and set up a federation, federal system of government in the Philippines aimed at ending the Moro conflict and further opening up of the Philippine economy. Background Rodrigo Duterte campaigned for decentralization and a shift to federal government during the 2016 Philippine presidential election. In an October 2014 forum organized by ''Federal Movement for a Better Philippines'' in Cebu City prior to joining the presidential race, the then mayor of Davao City called for the creation of two federal states for Moro people as a solution to the problems besetting Mindanao. Mayor Duterte said that Nur Misuari and his Moro National Liberation Front don't see eye-to-eye with the Moro Islamic ...
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Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a total area of roughly 300,000 square kilometers, which are broadly categorized in Island groups of the Philippines, three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. With a population of over 110 million, it is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, twelfth-most-populous country. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the south. It shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and southeast, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia to the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest. It has Ethnic groups in the Philippines, diverse ethnicities and Culture o ...
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Bangsamoro Basic Law
The Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL; ), also known as the Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL), and officially designated as Republic Act No. 11054, is a Philippine law that provided for the establishment of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). Legislative efforts for the establishment of a Bangsamoro autonomous region was first proposed and deliberated upon by the 16th Congress of the Philippines but failed to pass into law. The issue was taken up once again in the 17th Congress. The legislation was ratified by both the Senate and the House of Representatives on July 23 and 24, 2018 respectively. The bill was finally signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte on July 26, 2018. The provisions of the law became effective on August 10, 2018. As an organic act, the basic law abolished the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and provided for the basic structure of government for Bangsamoro, following the agreements set forth in the Comprehensive Agreement on t ...
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Presidential Management Staff (Philippines)
The Presidential Management Staff (PMS; ) is a Philippine government agency attached to the Office of the President that is tasked to manage the development and formulation of the projects and policies of the Office of the President. Though the PMS is headed by a Secretary, the Secretaries of the Cabinet, Chief of Staff, and Appointments, support the agency. The PMS, the Office of the Appointments Secretary and the Events Management Cluster are under the supervision of the Special Assistant to the President. The position is currently held by Elaine Masukat, after the resignation of Zenaida Angping on December 2, 2022. History The Presidential Management Staff can trace its lineage to the Program Implementation Agency (PIA), which was created by President Diosdado Macapagal to serve as his technical staff for the socio-economic projects, which his administration was implementing. It was created on August 24, 1962, under the leadership of Assistant Executive Secretary Sixto K. ...
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Executive Secretary (Philippines)
The Office of the Executive Secretary of the Philippines (formerly the Executive Office) is the head and highest-ranking official of the Office of the President of the Philippines and a member of the Cabinet of the Philippines. The office-holder has been nicknamed as the "''Little President''" due to the nature and mandate of the position "to directly assist the President in the management of affairs of the government as well as to direct the operations of the Executive Office." It is headed by the executive secretary in which appointed by the President of the Philippines, president upon confirmation by the Commission on Appointments. The office was established on October 12, 1936, with Jorge B. Vargas as the inaugural holder. The postion of executive secretary is currently held by former Chief Justice Lucas Bersamin, who retained his position after President Bongbong Marcos declined his courtesy resignation following a cabinet reshuffle in the aftermath of the 2025 Philippine ...
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Constituent Assembly
A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected by popular vote, drawn by sortition, appointed, or some combination of these methods. Assemblies are typically considered distinct from a regular legislature, although members of the legislature may compose a significant number or all of its members. As the fundamental document constituting a state, a constitution cannot normally be modified or amended by the state's normal legislative procedures in some jurisdictions; instead a constitutional convention or a constituent assembly, the rules for which are normally laid down in the constitution, must be set up. A constituent assembly is usually set up for its specific purpose, which it carries out in a relatively short time, after which the assembly is dissolved. A constituent assembly is a ...
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Gwendolyn Garcia
Gwendolyn Fiel Garcia-Codilla (born October 12, 1955) is a Filipino politician who has served as the 24th governor of Cebu since 2019. She previously held the position from 2004 to 2013 and served as the representative for Cebu's third district from 2013 to 2019, during which she served as a house deputy speaker from 2016 to 2018 Early life and education Garcia was born on October 12, 1955. She is the eldest daughter of former Cebu Governor and House Deputy Speaker Pablo P. Garcia and Judge Esperanza "Inday" Fiel García. Her youngest brother, Pablo John Garcia, is a lawyer-congressman.Profile, Pablo Garcia
congress.gov.ph. Accessed 30 July 2022.
Another brother, Byron Garcia, has been a security consultant for the
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House Of Representatives Of The Philippines
The House of Representatives (; '','' thus commonly referred to as ''Kamara'') is the lower house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the Senate of the Philippines as the upper house. The lower house is commonly Totum pro parte, referred to as Congress, although the term collectively refers to both houses. Members of the House are officially styled as ''representatives'' () and are sometimes informally called ''congressmen'' or ''congresswomen'' (). They are elected to a three-year term and can be re-elected, but cannot serve more than three consecutive terms without an interruption of one term (e.g. serving one term in the Senate ''ad interim''). Around 80% of congressmen are district representatives, representing specific geographical areas. The 19th Congress has 253 Congressional districts of the Philippines, congressional districts. Party-list representatives, who make up not more than twenty percent of the total number ...
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Senate Of The Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines () is the upper house of Congress of the Philippines, Congress, the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, with the House of Representatives of the Philippines, House of Representatives as the lower house. The Senate is composed of 24 senators who are elected at-large (the country forms one district in Philippine Senate elections, senatorial elections) under a Plurality block voting, plurality-at-large voting system. Senators serve six-year terms with a maximum of two consecutive terms, with half of the senators elected in staggered elections every three years. When the Senate was restored by the Constitution of the Philippines, 1987 Constitution, the 24 senators who were elected in 1987 served until 1992. In 1992, the 12 candidates for the Senate obtaining the highest number of votes served until 1998, while the next 12 served until 1995. This is in accordance with the transitory provisions of the Constitution. Thereafter, each senator electe ...
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Richard J
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", "Dick (nickname), Dick", "Dickon", "Dickie (name), Dickie", "Rich (given name), Rich", "Rick (given name), Rick", "Rico (name), Rico", "Ricky (given name), Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English (the name was introduced into England by the Normans), German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Portuguese and Spanish "Ricardo" and the Italian "Riccardo" (see comprehensive variant list belo ...
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Ralph Recto
Ralph Gonzalez Recto (; born January 11, 1964) is a Filipino politician currently serving as the 33rd secretary of finance since 2024, under President Bongbong Marcos. He previously served as the representative for Batangas' 6th district and as the House Deputy Speaker from 2022 to 2024. Recto also previously served three terms in the Senate: from 2001 to 2007 and from 2010 to 2022, and he had served as president pro tempore of the Senate and Senate Minority Leader. He started his political career as the representative of Batangas' 4th district from 1992 to 2001. In 2007, Recto lost his Senate reelection bid because, as many analysts believed, he had authored the unpopular EVAT (Expanded Value Added Tax) law. In July 2008, he was appointed to head the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) in the Arroyo administration but resigned from his position in August 2009 in preparation for another run for the Senate in the 2010 elections. He is a grandson of st ...
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Constitutional Convention (political Meeting)
A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected by popular vote, drawn by sortition, appointed, or some combination of these methods. Assemblies are typically considered distinct from a regular legislature, although members of the legislature may compose a significant number or all of its members. As the fundamental document constituting a state, a constitution cannot normally be modified or amended by the state's normal legislative procedures in some jurisdictions; instead a constitutional convention or a constituent assembly, the rules for which are normally laid down in the constitution, must be set up. A constituent assembly is usually set up for its specific purpose, which it carries out in a relatively short time, after which the assembly is dissolved. A constituent assembly is a ...
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Migz Zubiri
Juan Miguel "Migz" Fernandez Zubiri (; born April 13, 1969) is a Filipino politician serving as a Senator of the Philippines. He was the 24th President of the Senate of the Philippines, Senate President of the Philippines from July 25, 2022 to May 20, 2024. He is currently on his third term in the Senate of the Philippines, Senate, first serving from 2007 to 2011 and again from 2016 to 2022. He previously served as the Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines, Senate Majority Leader from 2008 to 2010 and 2018 to 2022, and was the House of Representatives of the Philippines, representative of Bukidnon's Bukidnon's 3rd congressional district, 3rd district from 1998 to 2007. He is also the current chairman of the Philippine Eskrima Kali Arnis Federation and the vice chairman of the Philippine Red Cross. Zubiri resigned from the Senate in August 2011 following allegations of poll fraud during the 2007 Philippine Senate election, 2007 elections and Pimentel v. Zubiri ...
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