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Phellodon Brunneo-olivaceus
''Phellodon'' is a genus of tooth fungi in the family (biology), family Bankeraceae. Species have small- to medium-sized basidiocarp, fruitbodies with white spines on the underside from which spores are released. All ''Phellodon'' have a short stalk or stipe (mycology), stipe, and so the genus falls into the group known as stipitate hydnoid fungi. The tough and leathery trama (mycology), flesh usually has a pleasant, fragrant odor, and develops a Cork (material), cork-like texture when dry. Neighboring fruitbodies can fuse, sometimes producing large mats of joined caps. ''Phellodon'' species produce a white spore print, while the individual basidiospore, spores are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with spiny surfaces. The genus, with about 20 described species, has a distribution that includes to Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. About half of the species are found in the southeastern United States, including three species added to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phellodon Niger
''Phellodon niger'', commonly known as the black tooth, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae, and the type species of the genus ''Phellodon''. It was originally species description, described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1815 as a species of ''Hydnum''. Petter Karsten included it as one of the original three species when he circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed ''Phellodon'' in 1881. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, although molecular phylogenetics, molecular studies suggest that the North American populations represent a similar but genetically distinct species. Taxonomy ''Phellodon niger'' was originally species description, described by Swedish mycologist Elias Fries in 1815 as a species of ''Hydnum''. The genus ''Phellodon'' was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 1881 by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten to contain white-toothed fungi. Karsten included three species: ''Phellodon cyathiformis, P. cyathiformis'', ''Phellodon melal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycorrhiza
A mycorrhiza (; , mycorrhiza, or mycorrhizas) is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, the plant root system and its surroundings. Mycorrhizae play important roles in plant nutrition, soil biology, and soil chemistry. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus colonizes the host plant's root tissues, either intracellularly as in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, or extracellularly as in ectomycorrhizal fungi. The association is normally mutualistic. In particular species, or in particular circumstances, mycorrhizae may have a parasitic association with host plants. Definition A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil. Myco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydnum
''Hydnum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hydnaceae. They are notable for their unusual spore-bearing structures of teeth rather than Lamella (mycology), gills. The best known are the Edible mushroom, edible species ''Hydnum repandum'' and ''Hydnum rufescens, H. rufescens''. There are no known toxic varieties of ''Hydnum.'' Widely regarded as important maintainers of forest ecosystems, the ''Hydnum'' genus is known to have ectomycorrhizal relationships with multiple plant families. ''Hydnum'' has many brittle, white teeth from which the spores drop. Some species have teeth which hang from ascending branches, while other species have teeth which project downwards from the undersurfaces of dead wood. Most ''Hydnum'' species are safe to eat, and contain many fatty acids and antioxidants. Taxonomy and diversity ''Hydnum'' species are found on every continent that is habitable for plant life, with some preferring deep forest regions. Most of the common species, such as ''H. repandum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elias Fries
Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the "Linnaeus of Mycology". In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today. Career Fries was born at Femsjö ( Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father. In 1811 Fries entered Lund University where he studied under Carl Adolph Agardh and Anders Jahan Retzius. He obtained his doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. Fries edited several exsiccata series, the first starting in 1818 under the title ''Lichenes Sveciae exsiccati, curante Elia Fries'' and the last together with Franz Joseph Lagger under the title ''Hieracia europaea exsiccata''. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botanical Name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar or cultivar group, Group epithets must conform to the ''International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants'' (ICNCP). The code of nomenclature covers "all organisms traditionally treated as algae, Fungus, fungi, or plants, whether fossil or non-fossil, including blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Chytridiomycota, chytrids, oomycetes, slime moulds and Photosynthesis, photosynthetic protists with their taxonomically related non-photosynthetic groups (but excluding Microsporidia)." The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name ''Bellis perennis'' denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East, where it has accumulated variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phellodon Melaleucus
''Phellodon melaleucus'', commonly known as the grey tooth, is a species of tooth fungus in the family Bankeraceae. It was originally described by Elias Magnus Fries in 1815 as a species of ''Hydnum''. In 1881, Petter Karsten included it as one of the original three species in his newly circumscribed genus '' Phellodon''. The fungus is widely distributed in Europe and North America, where it associates mycorrhizally with a wide range of host trees. It is considered vulnerable in Switzerland. Description The grey tooth is a small to medium-sized fungus with a leathery or corky fruiting body. On the underside it has pale grayish-brown spines from which spores are released rather than from gills. It may look like a convoluted single fruiting body but in fact each part has a blackish stem, and several caps can fuse together. The cap tends to be concentrically zoned with a reddish-brown to blackish-brown centre and a pale edge. The flesh is greyish-brown, darker near the base ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phellodon Cyathiformis
''Phellodon'' is a genus of tooth fungi in the family Bankeraceae. Species have small- to medium-sized fruitbodies with white spines on the underside from which spores are released. All ''Phellodon'' have a short stalk or stipe, and so the genus falls into the group known as stipitate hydnoid fungi. The tough and leathery flesh usually has a pleasant, fragrant odor, and develops a cork-like texture when dry. Neighboring fruitbodies can fuse, sometimes producing large mats of joined caps. ''Phellodon'' species produce a white spore print, while the individual spores are roughly spherical to ellipsoid in shape, with spiny surfaces. The genus, with about 20 described species, has a distribution that includes to Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. About half of the species are found in the southeastern United States, including three species added to the genus in 2013–14. Several ''Phellodon'' species were placed on a preliminary Red Lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petter Karsten
Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology". Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku, studied at the University of Helsinki, and then moved to the inland of Tammela, where he spent most of his life with teaching botany and doing research at the Mustiala Agriculture Institute (now the Faculty of Agriculture of the HAMK University of Applied Sciences). He amassed a vast collection, both by his own efforts and those of his correspondents, and named about 200 new genera and 2,000 new species. Between 1861 and 1870 Karsten edited the exsiccata series ''Fungi Fenniae exsiccati. Samling af Finska svampar'' with 1,000 numbers. In his mycological studies he extensively used the microscope and can be considered as the pioneer of fungal microscopy. ''Karstenia'', the international journal of mycology published by the Finnish My ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In biological taxonomy, circumscription is the content of a taxon, that is, the delimitation of which subordinate taxa are parts of that taxon. For example, if we determine that species X, Y, and Z belong in genus A, and species T, U, V, and W belong in genus B, those are our circumscriptions of those two genera. Another systematist might determine that T, U, V, W, X, Y, and Z all belong in genus A. Agreement on circumscriptions is not governed by the Codes of Zoological or Botanical Nomenclature, and must be reached by scientific consensus. A goal of biological taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxon. This goal conflicts, at times, with the goal of achieving a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of divergence of groups of organisms. Balancing these two goals is a work in progress, and the circumscriptions of many taxa that had been regarded as stable for decades are in upheaval in the light of rapid developments in molecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushroom Dye
Mushrooms can be used to create color Dye#Synthetic dyes, dyes via color-extraction with a solvent (often ammonia) as well as particulation of raw material. The Sarcodon imbricatus, shingled hedgehog mushroom and related species contain blue-green pigments, which are used for dyeing wool in Norway. The fruiting body of ''Hydnellum peckii'' can be used to produce a beige color when no mordant is used, and shades of blue or green depending on the mordant added. ''Phaeolus schweinitzii'' produces green, yellow, gold, or brown colors, depending on the material dyed and the mordant used. See also *''Aspergillus oryzae'', ''Saccharomyces cerevisiae'', ''Saccharomyces boulardii'' *Mycelium *Mycofiltration *Mycorrhiza - Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Arbuscular, Ectomycorrhiza, Ecto, Ericoid mycorrhiza, Ericoid References {{reflist Fungi and humans Natural dyes Fungi used for fiber dyes, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological Type (biology), type wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or specimens). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name with that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. ''World Flora Online'' accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, and ''Plants of the World Online'' 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), making it the largest genus among the conifers. The highest species diversity of pines is found in Mexico. Pines are widely species distribution, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere; they occupy large areas of boreal forest, but are found in many habitats, including the Mediterranean Basin, and dry tropical forests in southeast Asia and Central America. Wood from pine trees is one of the most extensively used types of timber, and some pines are widely used as Christmas trees. Description Pine trees are evergreen, coniferous resinous trees (or, rarely, shrubs) growing tall, with the majority of species reachin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
