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Phalia
Phalia (Punjabi language, Punjabi ) is a town and headquarters of Phalia Tehsil of Mandi Bahauddin, Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab, Pakistan. History Alexander the Great and his army crossed the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) in July 326 BC at the Battle of the Hydaspes River where he defeated king King Porus, Porus. According to Arrian (''Anabasis'', 29), Alexander built a city in the place whence he started to cross the Jhelum River, river, which he named Bukephala or Alexandria Bucephalus, Bucephala to honour his dead horse Bukephalus or Bucephalus. It is thought that ancient Bukephala was near the site of modern Jhelum City but that is wrong. Phalia was named after Bucephalus, the name of the Alexander's dead horse, and presently a tehsil of Mandi Bahauddin District. Beyond Taxila, Alexander opted for an alternative route instead of the traditional route i.e. today's Grand Trunk Road (link through Pakistan between Afghanistan and Bangladesh) and built two cities on opposite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandi Bahauddin District
Mandi Bahauddin ( Punjabi and ) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Located in central Punjab, the district is bordered on the northwest by the Jhelum River, on the southeast by the Chenab River (which separates it from Gujranwala and Gujrat districts), and on the southwest by Sargodha District. The district has an area of . Mandi district currently has a population of 1.5 million people. In 1998, it had a population of 1.16 million people. Administration Mandi Bahauddin is subdivided into three tehsils and 80 Union Councils: Geography The district forms a central portion of the Chaj Doab lying between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. It lies from 30° 8' to 32° 40' N and 73° 36' to 73° 37' E. The tehsil headquarters towns of Phalia and Malikwal are from Mandi Bahauddin, respectively. It is bounded in the north by the Jhelum river, which separates it from Jhelum district; on the west by Sargodha district, on the south by the river Chenab (which separates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandi Bahauddin
Mandi Bahauddin () is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is also the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District. It is the 41st most populous city in Pakistan, according to the 2017 census. The city is about 220 metres above sea level and is located between the rivers Jhelum (north 12 km) and Chenab (south 39 km). The name of the town originates from two sources, Mandi was a prefix because it was a grain market and Bahauddin was a Sufi saint.. History Foundation of Mandi Bhauddin In 1506 C.E. a Gondal tribal Chief named Bahauddin established a settlement namely Pindi Bahauddin, after his migration from Pindi Shahjahanian to this area. The town started growing in early 20th century near the ancient village named as Chak No.51, where Sikh, Hindu and Muslim businessmen and land owners came to settle. John Alam made the map of this chak, which became the center of this new town Pindi Bahauddin. later in 1920 because of famous grain market setup in this Chak No. 51, it wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jhelum River
The Jhelum River is a major river in South Asia, flowing through India and Pakistan, and is the westernmost of the five major rivers of the Punjab region. It originates at Verinag and flows through the Indian-administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir, into Pakistan-administered Kashmir, then the Pakistani province of Punjab. It is a tributary of the Chenab River and has a total length of about . Etymology A Pakistani author, Anjum Sultan Shahbaz, recorded some stories of the name Jhelum in his book ''Tareekh-e-Jhelum'': The Sanskrit name for the river is ''Vitástā'', derived from an apocryphal legend regarding the origin of the river in the Nilamata Purana. The name survives in the Kashmiri name for this river, ''Vyath'' and in Punjabi (and more commonly in Saraiki) as ''Vehat''. It was called the Hydaspes by the armies of Alexander the Great. History The river Jhelum was originally recognized by the name Vitasta. The river was called ''Hydaspes'' () by the ancie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gujrat Division
Gujrat Division (), also called Division X, is an administrative division of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab, Pakistan, comprising the List of districts in Punjab, Pakistan, districts of Gujrat District, Gujrat, Hafizabad District, Hafizabad, Mandi Bahauddin District, Mandi Bahauddin, and Wazirabad District, Wazirabad; and headquartered at the city of Gujrat, Pakistan, Gujrat in northern Punjab. With a population of over 7.3 million, it is the least populous of the ten divisions in the province. History It was officially established as the tenth division of the province by the Government of Punjab, Pakistan, Punjab government on 17 August 2022, with the bifurcation of Gujranwala Division. Initially including the districts of Gujrat, Mandi Bahauddin, and Hafizabad, the newly-established Wazirabad District was added on 14 October 2022, increasing the number of districts in the division to four. The change was made official after a notification issued by the Board of Revenue under sect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
City
A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agreed definition of the lower boundary for their size. In a narrower sense, a city can be defined as a permanent and Urban density, densely populated place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, Public utilities, utilities, land use, Manufacturing, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations, government organizations, and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving the efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrian
Arrian of Nicomedia (; Greek: ''Arrianos''; ; ) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period. '' The Anabasis of Alexander'' by Arrian is considered the best source on the campaigns of Alexander the Great. Scholars have generally preferred Arrian to other extant primary sources, though this attitude has changed somewhat in light of modern studies into Arrian's method. Arrian's life Arrian was born in Nicomedia (present-day İzmit), the provincial capital of Bithynia. Cassius Dio called him Flavius Arrianus Nicomediensis. Sources provide similar dates for his birth, within a few years prior to 90, 89, and 85–90 AD. The line of reasoning for dates belonging to 85–90 AD is because of Arrian being made a consul around 130 AD, and the usual age for this, during this period, being 42 years of age. (ref. pp. 312, & SYME 1958, ''ibid.''). His family was from the Greek provincial aristocracy, and his full name, ''L. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Hydaspes River
The Battle of the Hydaspes also known as Battle of Jhelum, or First Battle of Jhelum, was fought between the Macedonian Empire under Alexander the Great and the Pauravas under Porus in May of 326 BCE. It took place on the banks of the Hydaspes River in what is now the Punjab province of Pakistan, as part of Alexander's Indian campaign. In what was possibly their most costly engagement, the Macedonian army secured a decisive victory over the Pauravas and captured Porus. Large areas of Punjab were subsequently absorbed into the Macedonian Empire; Porus was reinstated as the region's ruler after Alexander, having developed a newfound respect for the fierce resistance put up by Porus and his army, appointed him as a satrap. Despite close surveillance by the Pauravas, Alexander's decision to cross the monsoon-swollen Hydaspes to catch Porus' army in the flank has been called one of his "masterpieces" in combat. The Macedonians' engagement with the Indians at Hydaspes remains a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Porus
Porus or Poros ( ; 326–321 BC) was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines), in the Punjab region of what is now India and Pakistan. He is only mentioned in Greek sources. Said to be a warrior with exceptional skills, Porus unsuccessfully fought against Alexander the Great in the Battle of the Hydaspes (326 BC).Fuller, pg 198 In the aftermath, an impressed Alexander not only reinstated him as his satrap but also granted him dominion over lands to the south-east extending as far as the Hyphasis ( Beas).p. xl, ''Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Warfare,'' J. Woronoff & I. SpenceArrian, ''Anabasis of Alexander,'' V.29.2 Porus reportedly died sometime between 321 and 315 BC. Sources The only contemporary information available on Porus and his kingdom is from Greek sources, whereas Indian sources do not mention him. These Greek sources differ considerably among themselves. Identification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bukephalus
Bucephalus (; ; – June 326 BC) or Bucephalas, was the horse of Alexander the Great, and one of the most famous horses of classical antiquity. According to the '' Alexander Romance'' (1.15), the name "Bucephalus" literally means "ox-headed" (from and ), and supposedly comes from a brand (or scar) on the thigh of the horse that looked like an ox's head. Ancient historical accounts state that Bucephalus's breed was that of the "best Thessalian strain", and that he died in what is now Punjab, Pakistan, after the Battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC. Alexander was so grieved at the loss of his horse that he named one of the many cities he founded after him, as Alexandria Bucephalus. Taming of Bucephalus A massive creature with a massive head, Bucephalus is described as having a black coat with a large white star on his brow. He is also supposed to have had a " wall eye" (blue eye), and his breeding was that of the "best Thessalian strain". Plutarch says that in 344 BC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria Bucephalus
Boukephala () and Nikaia () were two cities founded by Alexander the Great on either side of the Hydaspes (modern-day Jhelum River, Pakistan) during his invasion of the Indian subcontinent. The cities, two of many founded by Alexander, were built shortly after his victory over the Indian king Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes in early 326 BC. It is not certain which settlement had which name. Built on the site of the battlefield, the city on the eastern bank was most likely called (from , ), while its western companion was probably named after Alexander's horse Bucephalus, who died during or after the battle. Their construction was supervised by Craterus, one of Alexander's leading generals. Both cities initially suffered from the rains of the South Asian monsoon. Boukephala seems to have had a more distinguished legacy than Nikaia: mentioned by Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy, it appears in the 1st-century AD manuscript and on the later map. The cities' precise locations ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
