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Pfalz-Sulzbach
Palatinate-Sulzbach was the name of two separate states of the Holy Roman Empire located in modern Amberg-Sulzbach, Bavaria, Germany, ruled by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Palatinate-Sulzbach (1569–1604) Palatinate-Sulzbach was partitioned from Palatinate-Zweibrücken upon the death of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken in 1569. His will provided that Palatinate-Sulzbach should be created out of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and ruled by his younger son Otto Henry. Otto Henry died in 1604 without any heirs so Palatinate-Sulzbach passed to Palatinate-Neuburg. Palatinate-Sulzbach (1614–1742) In 1614, Palatinate-Sulzbach was partitioned from Palatinate-Neuburg following the death of Count Palatine Philip Louis for his son Augustus. It consisted of two noncontiguous areas separated by the Electorate of Bavaria. It was bordered on the west by the territory of the Imperial city of Nuremberg and on the east by the Kingdom of Bohemia. Augustus' successor C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, County of Holland, Holland, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland under Swedish rule, Swedish-ruled Finland), Denmark, Norway, Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary, Kingdom of Bohemia, Bohemia, and Kingdom of Greece, Greece. Their ancestral lands of Bavaria and the Electoral Palatinate, Palatinate were prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover (1630–1714), a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and List of Hanoverian royal consorts, Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the success ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus, Count Palatine Of Sulzbach
Augustus (; 2 October 1582 – 14 August 1632) was Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1614 until 1632. Life Augustus was born in Neuburg in 1582 as the second son of Philip Louis of Palatinate-Neuburg and Anna of Cleves. After his father's death in 1614 his territories were partitioned between Augustus and his two brothers - Augustus received northern portions of the Duchy of Neuburg which were constituted as the Duchy of Sulzbach. Augustus died in Windsheim in 1632 and was buried in Lauingen. He was a nephew of Countess Palatine Barbara of Zweibrücken-Neuburg. Marriage Augustus married Hedwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (23 December 1603 – 22 March 1657), daughter of Duke John Adolph and Princess Augusta of Denmark, on 17 July 1620 and had seven children: #Anne Sophie (17 July 1621 – 25 May 1675) # Christian Augustus (26 July 1622 – 23 April 1708) #Adolph Frederick (31 August 1623 – 14 March 1624) #Augusta Sophie (22 November 1624 – 30 April 1682), married V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Henry, Count Palatine Of Sulzbach
Otto Henry of Sulzbach (22 July 1556 – 29 August 1604) was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1569 until 1604. Life Otto Henry was born in Amberg in 1556 as one of five sons of Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken. After his father's death in 1569, his lands were partitioned between Otto Henry and his four brothers — Otto Henry received the territory around Sulzbach-Rosenberg. Otto Henry died in Sulzbach in 1604 and was buried in Lauingen. Without any surviving sons, Sulzbach was inherited by his brother Philip Louis of Palatinate-Neuburg. Marriage Otto Henry married Dorothea Maria of Württemberg (3 September 1559 – 23 March 1639), daughter of Duke Christopher, on 25 November 1582 and had the following children: #Louis (6 January (1584 – 12 March 1584) #Anne Elizabeth (19 January 1585 – 18 April 1585) #George Frederick (15 March 1587 – 25 April 1587) #Dorothea Sophie (10 March 1588 – 24 September 1607) #Sabine (25 February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. For most of its history the Empire comprised the entirety of the modern countries of Germany, Czechia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Luxembourg, most of north-central Italy, and large parts of modern-day east France and west Poland. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I, OttoI was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Christian, Count Of Palatinate-Sulzbach
John Christian (23 January 1700 – 20 July 1733; ''in German: Johann Christian Joseph'') was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732–33. He was the second and youngest surviving son of duke Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1659–1732) with his consort Eleonore Maria Amalia of Hesse-Rotenburg (1675–1720). His elder brother was Joseph Charles, Count Palatine of Sulzbach. Life After the death of his elder brother Joseph Charles, John Christian Joseph became the eventual designated heir of the Electoral Palatine. In 1732, he succeeded his father as Count Palatine of Sulzbach but died in Sulzbach in 1733 before inheriting the Palatinate. Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, a member of the Palatine Neuburg line of Wittelsbach The House of Wittelsbach () is a former Bavarian dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including the Electorate of Bavaria, the Electoral Palatinate, the Electorate of Cologne, County of Holland, Holland, Cou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine
Charles III Philip (4 November 1661 – 31 December 1742) was Elector Palatine, Count of Palatinate-Neuburg, and Duke of Jülich and Berg from 1716 to 1742. Until 1728 he was also Count of Megen. Early life Born in Neuburg an der Donau, Charles Philip was the seventh of seventeen children of Philip William, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. Though Charles Philip became a cleric in Cologne at the age of fourteen in 1677 in Salzburg, and again in 1679 in Mainz, he was not ordained but instead started a military career in 1684. He then joined the Habsburg war against the Turks 1691–1694 and was promoted to imperial field marshal. In 1712 he was appointed Governor of Further Austria in Innsbruck. Career Charles Philip succeeded his brother Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine on his death in 1716. He moved the Palatinate's capital from Heidelberg to the new city of Mannheim in 1720, but not before promoting his favorite court jester, Perkeo of Heidelbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Theodore, Elector Of Bavaria
Charles Theodore (; 11 December 1724 – 16 February 1799) was a German nobleman of the Palatinate-Sulzbach, Sulzbach branch of the House of Wittelsbach. He became Count Palatine of Sulzbach at the age of six following the death of his father John Christian, Count of Palatinate-Sulzbach, Johann Christian in 1733. With the death of his cousin, Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, Charles III Philip, he became Prince-elector and County Palatine of the Rhine, Count Palatine of the Rhine in 1742, being eighteen. In his fifties, he became Prince-Elector of Bavaria at the death of another cousin, Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, Maximilian III Joseph, in 1777. Family and ascent Charles Theodore was born into Palatinate-Sulzbach branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Brockhaus Geschichte Second Edition His father was John Christian, Count of Palatinate-Sulzbach, Johann Christian, who later became Count Palatine of Sulzbach. His mother was Maria Henriette de La Tour d'Auvergne, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine Of Sulzbach
Theodore Eustace ''(German: Theodor Eustach''; 14 February 1659 – 11 July 1732) was the Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1708 until 1732. Life Theodore Eustace was born in Sulzbach in 1659 as the only surviving son of Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Amalie of Nassau-Siegen. He died in Dinkelsbühl in 1732 and was buried in Sulzbach. Marriage Theodore Eustace married Maria Eleonore of Hesse-Rothenburg (15 September 1675 – 27 January 1720), daughter of Landgrave William (sister of Ernest Leopold), and had the following children: Issue #Countess Palatine Amalia Auguste Maria Anna of Sulzbach (7 June 1693 – 18 January 1762) died unmarried. # Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach (2 November 1694 – 18 July 1729) married Elisabeth Auguste of Neuburg and had issue. # Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach (16 May 1696 – 16 July 1776) Abbess of Essen. # Countess Palatine Ernestine Elizabeth Johanna of Sulzbach (15 May 1697 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2010
The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year dissipated in this year. In addition, the OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gained four new members; Chile, Slovenia, Israel, and Estonia. 2010 also saw advancements in technology such as the release of the iPad, the public launch of Instagram, and the first successful trapping of antimatter. 2010 was designated as: *International Year of Biodiversity *International Year of Youth *2010 European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion *International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures Pronunciation There is a debate among experts and the general public on how to pronounce specific years of the 21st century in English. The year 2010 is pronounced either "twenty-ten" or "two thousand (and) ten" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Bavaria
The Duchy of Bavaria () was a frontier region in the southeastern part of the Merovingian kingdom from the sixth through the eighth century. It was settled by Bavarians, Bavarian tribes and ruled by List of rulers of Bavaria, dukes (''duces'') under Francia, Frankish overlordship. A new duchy was created from this area during the decline of the Carolingian Empire in the late ninth century. It became one of the stem duchies of the East Francia, East Frankish realm, which evolved as the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire. During internal struggles in the Ottonian dynasty, the Bavarian territory was considerably diminished by the separation of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976. Between 1070 and 1180, the Holy Roman Emperors were again strongly opposed by Bavaria, especially by the Duke, ducal House of Welf. In the final conflict between the Welf and Hohenstaufen dynasties, Duke Henry the Lion was banned and deprived of his Bavarian and Duchy of Saxony, Saxon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simultaneum
A shared church (), simultaneum mixtum, a term first coined in 16th-century Germany, is a church in which public worship is conducted by adherents of two or more religious groups. Such churches became common in the German-speaking lands of Europe in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.''Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe,'' Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 198. ff. The different Christian denominations (such as Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, or United, etc.), share the same church building, although they worship at different times and with different clergy. It is thus a form of religious toleration. ''Simultaneum'' as a policy was particularly attractive to rulers who ruled over populations which contained considerable numbers of both Catholics and Protestants. It was often the opposite of '' cuius regio, eius religio'' and used in situations where a ruler was of a different religion than the majority of the people, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counties Of The Holy Roman Empire
This list of states in the Holy Roman Empire includes any territory ruled by an authority that had been granted imperial immediacy, as well as many other feudal entities such as lordships, sous-fiefs, and allodial fiefs. The Holy Roman Empire was a complex political entity that existed in central Europe for most of the medieval and early modern periods and was generally ruled by a German-speaking Emperor. The states that composed the Empire, while enjoying a form of territorial authority called ''Landeshoheit'' that granted them many attributes of sovereignty, were never fully sovereign states in the sense that term is understood presently. In the 18th century, the Holy Roman Empire consisted of approximately 1,800 such territories, the majority being tiny estates owned by the families of Imperial Knights. This page does not directly contain the list but discusses the format of the various lists and offers some background to understand the complex organisation of the Holy Roman E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
