Perú (Buenos Aires Metro)
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Perú (Buenos Aires Metro)
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west, to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country, to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has Demographics of Peru, a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At , Peru is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 19th largest country in the world, and the List of South American countries by area, third largest in South America. Pre-Columbian Peru, Peruvian territory was home to Andean civilizations, several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one o ...
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Languages Of Peru
Peru has many languages in use, with its official languages being Spanish language, Spanish, Quechuan languages, Quechua and Aymara language, Aymara. Spanish has been in the country since it began being taught in the time of José Pardo y Barreda, José Pardo instead of the country's Native languages, especially the languages in the Andes. In the beginning of the 21st century, it was estimated that in this multilingual country, about 50 very different and popular languages are spoken: which reduces to 44 languages if dialects are considered variants of the same language. The majority of these languages are indigenous peoples, Indigenous, but the most common language is Spanish, the main language that about 94.4% of the population speaks. Spanish is followed by the country's Indigenous languages, especially all types of Quechuan languages, Quechua (13.9% combined) and Aymara languages, Aymara (1.7%), who also have co-official status according to Article 48 of the Constitution of P ...
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Black Peruvians
Black Peruvians or Afro-Peruvians are Peruvians of mostly or partially African descent. They mostly descend from enslaved Africans brought to Peru after the arrival of the conquistadors. Early history The first Africans arrived, as enslaved people, with the conquerors in 1521, and some, taken by force, with colonists to work, for no payment, in 1525. Between 1529 and 1537, when Francisco Pizarro was granted permits to import 363 Africans to colonial Peru, a large group of Africans were captured in order to provide, by force, labor for public construction, building bridges and road systems. They also fought alongside the conquistadors as soldiers and worked as personal servants and bodyguards. In 1533, enslaved Afro-Peruvians accompanied Spaniards in the conquest of Cuzco. Two types of African people were forced to Peru. Those born in Africa were commonly referred to as '' negros bozales'' ("untamed blacks"), which was also used in a derogatory sense. These slaves could have bee ...
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Congress Of The Republic Of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru () is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the Constitution of Peru, the President of Peru can be Vacancy due to moral incapacity (Peru), removed by Congress without cause, effectively making the legislature more powerful than the executive branch. Following a ruling in February 2023 by the Constitutional Court of Peru, the body tasked with interpreting the Constitution of Peru and whose members are directly chosen by Congress, judicial oversight of the legislative body was also removed by the court, essentially giving Congress absolute control of Peru's government. Since the 2021 Peruvian general election, right wing parties held a majority in the legislature. * * * * The largest represented leftist party in Congress, Free Peru, has subsequently aligned itself with conservative and Fujimorists parties within Congress due to their institutional power. Congress's comp ...
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Eduardo Salhuana
Eduardo Salhuana is a former member of the Congress of Peru of the Perú Posible party representing Madre de Dios. He was Minister of Justice of Peru during the Alejandro Toledo Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique (; born 28 March 1946) is a Peruvian former politician who served as President of Peru, from 2001 to 2006. He gained international prominence after leading the opposition against president Alberto Fujimori, w ... presidency. Education He attended school in his hometown. In 1980, he entered the Law School of the National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco, graduating with a degree in Law and Political Science in 1986. Career In his professional career, he was a mixed judge in Puerto Maldonado; member of the Mixed and Decentralized Chamber of Madre de Dios; legal advisor to grassroots organizations and representative unions of Madre de Dios; and Dean of the Lawyers Association of Madre de Dios (2000-2001). Politics In 1990, he entered politics as a mem ...
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President Of The Congress Of The Republic Of Peru
President of the Congress of the Republic of Peru is the presiding officer in the Congress of the Republic of Peru. This is a list of representatives that have served as Presidents of the Peruvian legislature. The Constitution of Peru, Constitution of 1993 re-arranged Congress into a Unicameralism, unicameral legislature. The President is elected for a one-year term. Constituent Congress of Peru, 1822, Constituent Congress (1822–1825) Constituent Congress (1827–1828) Congress (1829–1832) First bicameral congress of Peru. Constituent Congress (1833–1834) Legislative Assembly of Peru–Bolivian Confederation Constituent Congress (1839–1840) Bicameral Congress (1845–1853) Presidents of the Senate (1845–1853) Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (1845–1853) National convention (1855–1857) Congress (1858–1859) President of the Senate (1858–1859) Constituent Congress (1860) Bicameral Congress (1860–1865) Pr ...
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Eduardo Arana Ysa
Eduardo Arana Ysa (born 18 October 1965) is a Peruvian politician and lawyer who has served as the prime minister of Peru since May 2025. Previously, he served as the Minister of Justice and Human Rights from September 2023 to May 2025. Education and legal career Arana was born on 18 October 1965. Arana studied at the Don Bosco Salesian School in Callao, graduating in 1982, when he lived in the Bellavista District. He holds degrees in Law and Political Science from the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University. He has been a professor at the Federico Villarreal National University since 2000. Arana served as head of Javier Villa Stein's advisory staff when he was president of the Judiciary from 2009 to 2011. He was also appointed as an arbitrator by the Supervisory Body for State Contracts (OSCE) and secretary of the National Council of the Judiciary. Political career Arana entered politics when he ran as a councilor for the San Isidro district for Alliance for Progress, in th ...
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President Of The Council Of Ministers Of Peru
President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsidenten'', a 1919 Danish silent film directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer * ''The President'' (1928 film), a German silent drama * ''President'' (1937 film), an Indian film * ''The President'' (1961 film) * ''The Presidents'' (film), a 2005 documentary * ''The President'' (2014 film) * ''The President'' (South Korean TV series), a 2010 South Korean television series * ''The President'' (Palestinian TV series), a 2013 Palestinian reality television show *'' The President Show'', a 2017 Comedy Central political satirical parody sitcom * ''Presidents'' (film), a 2021 French film Music * The Presidents (American soul band) * The Presidents of the United States of America (band) or the Presidents, an American alternative rock group *"The President", a son ...
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Vice President Of Peru
The Republic of Peru has two vice presidents, the first vice president and the second vice president, who are elected along with the president in democratic elections. Their only constitutional mission is to replace the president in case of death, permanent or temporary incapacity, resignation, being abroad without the permission of Congress, failure to return from abroad at fixed time, and/or dismissal or removal from office as allowed by the Constitution. They cannot be appointed outside of general elections. The first and second vice presidents are first and second in the presidential line of succession. The leader of Congress, the president of the Congress, follows the first vice president and the second vice president in the line of succession. In modern Peruvian history, two vice presidents have acceded to the presidency after the president could no longer serve, Martín Vizcarra and Dina Boluarte. Martín Vizcarra assumed the office of the presidency in 2018 after the ...
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Dina Boluarte
Dina Ercilia Boluarte Zegarra (; born 31 May 1962) is a Peruvian politician, civil servant, and lawyer who has been serving as the 64th president of Peru since 2022. She had served as the Vice President of Peru, first vice president and minister at the Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (Peru), Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion under President Pedro Castillo. She served as an officer at the National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC) from 2007 until 2022. Boluarte is the List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government, first woman to become President of Peru. She was a member of the Marxist political party Free Peru, and was sworn in following Castillo's 2022 Peruvian self-coup attempt, attempt to dissolve Congress and subsequent Third impeachment and removal of Pedro Castillo, impeachment and arrest. Boluarte has aligned herself with the right-wing majority of the Congress of the Republic of Peru, Peruvian Congress, and r ...
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President Of Peru
The president of Peru (), officially the constitutional president of the Republic of Peru (), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the supreme head of the Peruvian Armed Forces, Armed Forces and National Police of Peru. The office of president corresponds to the highest magistracy in the country, making the president the highest-ranking public official in Peru. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the Constitution of Peru, 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress of Peru can impeach the president without cause, effectively making the executive branch subject to the legislature. The president is elected to direct the general policy of the government, work with the Congress of the Republic and the Council of Ministers (Peru), Council of Ministers to enact reform, and be an administrator of the state, enforcing the constitution, which establishes the presidential requirements, rights, and obliga ...
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Semi-presidential Republic
A semi-presidential republic, or dual executive republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has an executive president independent of the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959, in an article by the journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by the political scientist Maurice Duverger. Both men intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958). Definition Maurice Duverger's original definition of semi-presidenti ...
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Peruvians
Peruvians (''/peruanas'') are the citizens of Peru. What is now Peru has been inhabited for several millennia by cultures such as the Caral before the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Peruvian population decreased from an estimated 5–9 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases carried by the Spanish. Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers in 1532 under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with Native Peruvians. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people (especially from Spain and Italy, and to a lesser extent from Germany, France, Croatia, and the British Isles). Chinese and Japanese arrived in large numbers at the end of the 19th century. With 31.2 million inhabitants according to the 2017 Census. Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America. Its demographic growth rate declined from 2.6% to 1.6% between 1950 and 2000, and its population is expected to ...
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