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Pervez Amini Afshar
Parviz Amini Afshar (Persian: پرویز امینی افشار; born 1921 – died 1979) was an Iranian Military Officer and the last Head of the Second Bureau. General Parviz Amini Afshar was a prominent Iranian military figure who served as the final head of the Second Department of the Grand Imperial Armed Forces Headquarters. Unfortunately, following the Iranian Revolution, he faced execution, marking a tumultuous end to his military career. Amini Afshar played a significant role in historical events, particularly as one of the signatories of the Declaration of Neutrality by the army on February 22, 1979. Biography Born into the esteemed Amini Afshar family, General Pervez was the younger brother of Brigadier ''General Byouk Amini Afshar'' and Brigadier ''General Iraj Amini Afshar.'' The family's military lineage added to his own dedication to serving the nation. On February 1, 1979, Radio Iran broadcast the news of the execution of four high-ranking army officials, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian ( ), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, Fārsī ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, respectively Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964), and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Bureau Of Imperial Iranian Army
Imperial Iranian Army's Second Bureau (; ''Rokn-e-Dovvom'') was an Iranian military intelligence agency during the Pahlavi dynasty from 1926 to 1979. Establishment and structure Second Bureau was one of the four main bureaus operating in the army alongside First Bureau, responsible for Human resources, Third Bureau, responsible for operations and Fourth Bureau responsible for logistics. It was active since reign of Reza Shah and received information from military attachés in target countries. Modeled after the Deuxième Bureau, the French elite officers who were teaching at War University and Imam Ali Officers' Academy, Officers' School before World War II were founders of Iran's military intelligence service. The service was later contributed by Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom), British secret services. On 7 September 1955, the "Intelligence Bureau of Imperial Iranian Army Headquarters" () was established. During reign of Mohammad Reza Shah, the agency di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qazvin
Qazvin (; ; ) is a city in the Central District (Qazvin County), Central District of Qazvin County, Qazvin province, Qazvin province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is the largest city in the province. Qazvin was a capital of the Safavid Iran, Safavid Empire for over forty years (1555–1598) and nowadays is known as the calligraphy capital of Iran. It is famous for its traditional confectioneries (like Baklava, Baghlava), carpet patterns, poets, political newspaper and Middle Persian, Pahlavi influence on its accent. Located in northwest of Tehran, in the Qazvin Province, it is at an altitude of about above sea level. Due to its position at the south of the rugged Alborz range called KTS Atabakiyam, its climate is cold but dry. History Qazvin has sometimes been of central importance at major moments of History of Iran, Iranian history. It was captured by invading Arabs (644 AD) and destroyed by Hulagu Khan (13th century). In 15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAVAK
The Bureau for Intelligence and Security of the State (), shortened to as SAVAK () or S.A.V.A.K. () was the secret police of the Imperial State of Iran. It was established in Tehran in 1957 by national security law. and continued to operate until the Islamic Revolution in 1979, when it was dissolved by Iranian prime minister Shapour Bakhtiar. At peak, there were around 5,000 SAVAK agents operating under the Pahlavi dynasty. Iranian-American scholar and ex-politician Gholam Reza Afkhami estimates that SAVAK had between 4,000 and 6,000 members, while ''TIME'' stated in a publication on 19 February 1979 that the agency had 5,000 members.SAVAK: "Like the CIA". Feb. 19, 1979 . History 1957–1971 After the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kermanshah
Kermanshah is a city in the Central District (Kermanshah County), Central District of Kermanshah province, Kermanshah province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. The city is from Tehran in the western part of the country. The 2016 Census, National Census measured the population of the city as 946,651 (2025 estimate 1,117,000). Etymology "Kermanshah" derives from the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian-era title ''Kirmanshah'', which translates as "King of Kerman". This title was held by the son of Shapur III, Prince Bahram, who was bestowed with the title upon being appointed governor of the province of Kirman (Sasanian province), Kirman (present-day Kerman Province). Later, in 390, when he had already succeeded his father as Bahram IV, Bahram IV Kirmanshah (388–399), he founded the city and his title was applied to it, i.e. "(City of the) King of Kirman". History Prehistory Because of its antiquity, attractive landscapes, rich culture and Ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of List of monarchs of Persia, Iran's historical monarchy. In 1953, the CIA- and MI6-backed 1953 Iranian coup d'état overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, who had nationalized the country's oil industry to reclaim sovereignty from British control. The coup reinstalled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an absolute monarch and entrenched Iran as a client state of the U.S. and UK. Over the next 26 years, Pahlavi consolidated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Republic Of Iran Army Aviation
The Islamic Republic of Iran Army Aviation (IRIAA) (in ), more commonly known as the Havānīrūz (, ), is the army aviation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces. It has about 300 helicopters both for Attack helicopter, attack and Military_transport_aircraft#Rotary_wing, transport missions. It fought in the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, in which the Havanirooz played a crucial role in destroying and defeating the invading Iraqi armies. The war saw the most intensive use of helicopters in a conventional conflict ever. Along with its primary military role of aviation support for the ground forces, the Army Aviation is also involved in emergency management missions, such as search and rescue, medical evacuation, and forest firefighting. Havanirooz members have the same rank insignia and titles as the Rank insignia of the Iranian military, rest of the Army. Role The main role of Havanirooz is aviation support for ground forces. Its military role include Attack helicopte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehdi Bazargan
Mehdi Bazargan (; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Interim government of Iran, 1979, Iran's interim government. One of the leading figures of Iranian Revolution of 1979, he was appointed Prime Minister of Iran, prime minister in February 1979 by Ayatollah Khomeini, making him Iran's first prime minister after the revolution. He resigned his position in November of the same year, in protest at the Iran hostage crisis, takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Iran and as an acknowledgement of his government's failure in preventing it. He was the head of the first engineering department of University of Tehran. Early life and education Bazargan was born into an Iranian Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani family in Tehran on 1 September 1907. His father, Hajj Abbasqoli Tabrizi (died 1954) was a self-made merchant and a religious activist in ''bazaar'' guilds. Bazargan went to France to receive university education ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980) was the last List of monarchs of Iran, Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 to 1979. He succeeded his father Reza Shah and ruled the Imperial State of Iran until he was overthrown by the Iranian Revolution, which abolished the Iranian monarchy to establish the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran. In 1967, he took the title (), and also held several others, including () and (). He was the second and last ruling monarch of the Pahlavi dynasty. His vision of the "Great Civilization" () led to his leadership over rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms in Iran. During World War II, the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran forced the abdication of Reza Shah and succession of Mohammad Reza Shah. During his reign, the Anglo-Iranian Oil, British-owned oil industry was nationalized by the prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, who had support from Iran's national parliament to do so; however, Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadegh Khalkhali
Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali (; 27 July 1926 – 26 November 2003) was an Iranian Shia cleric who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's " hanging judge".Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali '''' 28 November 2003 A farmer's son from Iranian Azeri origins was born in Givi, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbas Gharabaghi
Arteshbod Abbas Karim Gharabaghi (; 9 February 1918 – 13 October 2000) was an Iranian general who was the last chief of staff of the Iranian Armed Forces as well as deputy commander-in-chief of the Iranian Imperial Army under the rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Gharabaghi was one of two senior military officials who were not detained and executed by the Islamic Revolutionary Council. With Fardoost, he convinced the army to get a neutral position as he was linked with the Revolutionary and foreign intelligence forces. Background and career Born in Tabriz, Gharabaghi was of Azerbaijani origin. He served as the gendarmerie commander until 1979. When the Iranian Revolution broke out in 1978, both Hassan Toufanian and Amir Hossein Rabii planned to carry out a coup to stabilize the turmoil in the country. However, the idea failed as it was not backed by other senior military officials, including Gharabaghi. Gharabaghi was appointed chief of staff of the Ir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1921 Births
Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' breaks in two and sinks off Villa Garcia, Mexico, with the loss of 244 of the 300 people on board. * January 16 – The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa. * January 17 – The first recorded public performance of the illusion of "sawing a woman in half" is given by English stage magician P. T. Selbit at the Finsbury Park Empire variety theatre in London. * January 20 – British K-class submarine HMS K5, HMS ''K5'' sinks in the English Channel; all 57 on board are lost. * January 21 – The full-length Silent film, silent comedy drama film ''The Kid (1921 film), The Kid'', written, produced, directed by and starring Charlie Chaplin (in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
