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Perserschutt
The Perserschutt, a German term meaning "Persian debris" or "Persian rubble", refers to the bulk of architectural and votive sculptures that were damaged by the invading Persian army of Xerxes I on the Acropolis of Athens in 480 BC, in the Destruction of Athens during the Second Persian invasion of Greece. History The Athenians had fled the city, returning only upon the departure of the Persians. The city had been sacked and burned and most of the temples had been looted, vandalized, or razed to the ground. The desecrated items were buried ceremoniously by the Athenians. Later, the citizens of Athens cleared the top of their acropolis, rebuilt their temples, and created new works of sculpture to be dedicated for the new temples. The remains were preserved by the respectful action and sculptures from the burial were first excavated in 1863–66 by the French archaeologist Charles Ernest Beulé. The remainder was discovered in 1885–1890 by archaeologist Panagiotis Kavvadias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panagiotis Kavvadias
Panagiotis (Panagis) Kavvadias or Cawadias or Cavvadias ( el, Παναγιώτης / Παναγής Καββαδίας) (2 May 1850 – 20 July 1928) was a Greek archaeologist. He was a prominent excavator and archaeological administrator, responsible for the excavation of Epidaurus and for various excavations on the Acropolis of Athens, as well as significant discoveries on his native island of Kephallonia. As Ephor General — the head of the Greek Archaeological Service — from 1885 until 1909, Kavvadias was responsible for the expansion of the Archaeological Service's numbers and responsibilities, and a major force behind the archaeological law ΒΜΧς/2626, which increased the powers of the state to address the illegal excavation and smuggling of antiquities. Kavvadias' work had a particular impact on the Acropolis of Athens, where he excavated continuously between 1885 and 1890 to remove almost all of the remaining medieval and modern structures, uncovering a large nu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angelitos Athena
The Angelitos Athena is an ancient marble statue, which was made around 480–470 BC. The figure, the earliest known depiction of the armed Athena, is an example of the severe style, the transitional style between archaic and classical Greek sculpture which developed after the Persian Wars. Today it is located at the Acropolis Museum under the inventory number 140.Dimitrios Pandermalis, Stamatia Eleftheratou, Christina Vlassopoulou, 2014, ''Acropolis Museum: Guide'', p.180 The statue is heavily damaged and has lost its head. Like earlier depictions of Athena she wears the archaic peplos, but she also has the aegis over her shoulders, with a gorgoneion in the centre of her chest. Her upraised right arm survives up to the wrist and once held a spear. Her left arm is entirely missing except for the shoulder and traces of her left hand resting on her waist. The statue is believed, not completely uncontroversially, to have stood atop a preserved Doric column which reads: It was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Persian Invasion Of Greece
The second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BC) occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars, as King Xerxes I of Persia sought to conquer all of Greece. The invasion was a direct, if delayed, response to the defeat of the first Persian invasion of Greece (492–490 BC) at the Battle of Marathon, which ended Darius I's attempts to subjugate Greece. After Darius's death, his son Xerxes spent several years planning for the second invasion, mustering an enormous army and navy. The Athenians and Spartans led the Greek resistance. About a tenth of the Greek city-states joined the 'Allied' effort; most remained neutral or submitted to Xerxes. The invasion began in spring 480 BC, when the Persian army crossed the Hellespont and marched through Thrace and Macedon to Thessaly. The Persian advance was blocked at the pass of Thermopylae by a small Allied force under King Leonidas I of Sparta; simultaneously, the Persian fleet was blocked by an Allied fleet at the straits of Artemisium. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euthydikos Kore
__NOTOC__ The Euthydikos Kore is a late archaic, Parian marble statue of the kore type, c 490–480 BCE, that once stood amongst the Akropolis votive sculptures. It was destroyed during the Persian invasion of 480 BCE and found in the Perserschutt. It is named after the dedication on the base of the sculpture, “Euthydikos son of Thaliarchos dedicated e��. It now stands in the Acropolis Museum. The surviving statue consists of two parts; the upper torso and head and the lower legs, feet and base, with the middle missing. The complete statue would have stood at 1.28m. The upper part was found in 1882 east of the Parthenon and the lower part in 1886-7 near the Erechtheion that the two pieces were related was a connection made by Winter. The figure stands with left leg advanced (“almost like a kouros”). Her right forearm, now missing, would have been raised. She wears a chiton and a short Ionic himation draped from the right shoulder. The himation was once decorated wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antenor Kore
The Antenor Kore is a Late Archaic statue of a girl (Kore) made of Parian marble, which was created around 530/20 BC. The statue was found in several fragments during excavations on the Athenian Acropolis in the so-called Perserschutt. The lower part and the left arm were dug up east of the Parthenon in 1882 and the upper part was discovered west of the Erechtheion in 1886. Parts of the calf followed. The face is damaged, especially the nose, and the lower right arm is missing, as is the front of the feet on the plinth. The kore was originally located in the Athena sanctuary on the acropolis and is now kept in the Acropolis Museum The statue is 201 cm high, excluding the plinth. The Kore has chest-length hair, which only partially survives. The hair at the front is gathered into tight curls, while the rest of the hair falls in locks, fanning out over the shoulders and back. She wears a crown in her hair. Like all archaic korai, the sculpture has a clear axis and stares direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korai Of The Acropolis Of Athens
The Korai of the Acropolis of Athens are a group of female statues ( Korai), discovered in the Perserschutt of the Acropolis of Athens in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, all of the same typology and clear votive function. Through them it is possible to trace the stylistic evolution of Archaic Attic sculpture for almost a century, from 570 to 480 BC. This demonstrates in particular the beginning and development of Ionian influence on Athenian art of the second half of the 6th century BC. This was the period when Ionian elements first appear in the architectural works of the Peisistratids and close connections between Ionia and Athens developed. Towards the end of the 6th century BC this influence is seen to be overcome, or rather absorbed, and a new style is born, the so-called Severe style, with increasing Peloponnesian influence. Description Among the most ancient korai found on the Athenian acropolis, are ''Acropolis 619'' and ''Acropolis 677'' which date f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acropolis Of Athens
The Acropolis of Athens is an ancient citadel located on a rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historical significance, the most famous being the Parthenon. The word '' acropolis'' is from the Greek words (''akron'', "highest point, extremity") and (''polis'', "city"). The term acropolis is generic and there are many other acropoleis in Greece. During ancient times the Acropolis of Athens was known also more properly as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the supposed first Athenian king. While there is evidence that the hill was inhabited as far back as the fourth millennium BC, it was Pericles (c. 495–429 BC) in the fifth century BC who coordinated the construction of the buildings whose present remains are the site's most important ones, including the Parthenon, the Propylaea, the Erechtheion and the Temple of Athena Nike. The Parthenon and the other buildings were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rampin Rider
The ''Rampin Rider'' or ''Rampin Horseman'' (c. 550 BC) is an equestrian statue from the Archaic Period of Ancient Greece. The statue was masterfully made of marble and has traces of red and black paint. The head of the rider was found on the Acropolis of Athens in 1877 and donated to the Louvre. Parts of the body of the rider and horse were found ten years earlier in a '' Perserschutt'' ditch filled with statues broken during the 480 BC Persian sack of Athens. The head was not associated with the rest of the statue until 1936. The statue is displayed with a plaster cast of the head at the Acropolis Museum, while the head remains at the Louvre where it is displayed with a cast of the rest of the statue. The rider has many of the features typical of an Archaic kouros, but has several asymmetrical features that break with the period's conventions. Interpretations The statue was originally thought to be a part of a set of statues, perhaps paired with another as a mounted pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hekatompedon Temple
The Hekatompedon or Hekatompedos ( grc, ἑκατόμπεδος, from , "hundred", and πούς, "foot"), also known as ''Ur-Parthenon'' and ''H–Architektur'', was an ancient Greek temple on the Acropolis of Athens built from limestone in the Archaic period, and placed in the position of the present Parthenon. Etymology The name of the temple was found in inscriptions and means “100 feet long” (ca. 30 m), although its length reached 46 m. History The temple was built around 570–550 BC. It was demolished by the Athenians in 490 BC after the victory over the Persians at the Battle of Marathon to build a larger temple known as the Older Parthenon. The latter was destroyed in 480 BC by the returning Persians in the Destruction of Athens, and finally replaced by the present Parthenon. The existence of the Hekatompedon is witnessed by historical documents. Its foundations have disappeared, but architectural and sculptural elements found in the southern part of the Mycenaean ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscophoros
Moschophoros ( Greek: μοσχοφόρος "calf-bearer") is an ancient Greek statue of the Archaic period, also known in English as ''The Calf Bearer''. It was excavated in fragments in the Perserschutt in the Acropolis of Athens in 1864. The statue, dated c. 560 BC and estimated to have originally measured 1.65 meters (5.4 ft) in height, is now in the Acropolis Museum in Athens, Greece. Condition The condition of the Moschophoros is poor and broken in some areas. The legs are missing below the knees on both sides. The hands are broken off. The genitals and the left thigh have separated from the whole sculpture. The lower half of the face (the chin area) is chipped off. The foot with a plinth is connected to base. The calf is well preserved, while Moschophoros's eyes are absent. The rest of the sculpture is in a fine state. History The sculpture was found on the Athenian Acropolis in 1864. In 1887, the base was discovered. It is made of permeable limestone, and its plin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kritios Boy
The marble ''Kritios Boy'' or ''Kritian Boy'' belongs to the Early Classical period of ancient Greek sculpture. It is the first statue from classical antiquity known to use contrapposto;Janson, H.W. (1995) ''History of Art''. 5th edn. Revised and expanded by Anthony F. Janson. London: Thames & Hudson, p. 139. Kenneth Clark called it "the first beautiful nude in art" Clark, Kenneth. (2010) ''The Nude: A study in ideal form''. New edition. London: The Folio Society, pp. 24-25. It is possible, even likely, that earlier bronze statues had used the technique, but if they did, they have not survived and Susan Woodford has speculated that the statue is a copy of a bronze original.Woodford, Susan. (1982) ''The Art of Greece and Rome''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13-14. The ''Kritios Boy'' is thus named because it is attributed, on slender evidence, to Kritios, who worked together with Nesiotes (sculptors of '' Harmodius and Aristogeiton'') or their school, from around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
