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Periodontal Pathogen
Well studied Periodontal pathogens are bacteria that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis. Dental plaque, the precursor of periodontal disease, is a complex biofilm consisting mainly of bacteria, but also archaea, protozoa, fungi and viruses. Viruses that specifically infect bacteria - bacteriophages - are most common in the oral cavity. Viral roles in the progression of periodontal disease as of 2017 remains poorly explored. Although approximately 700 bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity and nearly 300 species have been cultured and found to contribute to the biofilm of the periodontal pocket, there is a much smaller number of species that have been shown to be more closely related to the initial incidence and continued persistence of periodontitis, including: * ''Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans'' * '' Porphyromonas gingivalis'' * ''Tannerella forsythia'' (formerly ''Bacteroides forsythus'') * '' Treponema denticola'' * ''Fuso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prevotella Intermedia
''Prevotella intermedia'' (formerly ''Bacteroides intermedius'') is a gram-negative, obligate anaerobic pathogenic bacterium involved in periodontal infections, including gingivitis and periodontitis, and often found in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. It is commonly isolated from dental abscesses, where obligate anaerobes predominate. ''P. intermedia'' is thought to be more prevalent in patients with noma. ''P. intermedia'' use steroid hormones as growth factors, so their numbers are higher in pregnant women. It has also been isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis. See also * Oral microbiology * List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. The normally predominant species of ''Lactobacilli'' are markedly reduced. This is the list of organisms that are found in the vagina that are assoc ... References External links Type strain of ''Prevotella intermedia'' at Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Complex
The red complex is a group of bacteria that are categorized together based on their association with severe forms of periodontal disease. The red complex—among a number of other complexes—were classified by Sigmund Socransky in 1998. The three members of the red complex are: # '' Porphyromonas gingivalis'' # ''Tannerella forsythia ''Tannerella forsythia'' is an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterial species of the Bacteroidota phylum. It has been implicated in periodontal diseases and is a member of the red complex of periodontal pathogens. ''T. forsythia'' was previous ...'' # '' Treponema denticola'' References {{dentistry-stub Periodontology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenomonas Noxia
Selenomonas noxia is gram-negative crescent-shaped bacteria included in the genus ''Selenomonas''. Its increase is associated with periodontitis, especially its onset, as well as predominant in 98% of obese women in one study, but also is present in modest amounts in healthy gum Gum may refer to: Types of gum * Adhesive * Bubble gum * Chewing gum * Gum (botany), sap or other resinous material associated with certain species of the plant kingdom ** Gum arabic, made from the sap of ''Acacia senegal'', an Old World tree s ... tissue. References Bacteria described in 1987 Negativicutes {{disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candida (fungus)
''Candida'' is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Many species are harmless commensals or endosymbionts of hosts including humans; however, when mucosal barriers are disrupted or the immune system is compromised they can invade and cause disease, known as an opportunistic infection. Candida is located on most mucosal surfaces and mainly the gastrointestinal tract, along with the skin. ''Candida albicans'' is the most commonly isolated species and can cause infections (candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals. In winemaking, some species of ''Candida'' can potentially spoil wines. Many species are found in gut flora, including ''C. albicans'' in mammalian hosts, whereas others live as endosymbionts in insect hosts. Systemic infections of the bloodstream and major organs (candidemia or invasive candidiasis), particularly in patients with an impaired immune system (immunocompromised), affect over 90,000 people a year in the US. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capnocytophaga
''Capnocytophaga'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds and periodontal diseases. Taxonomy The term ''Capnocytophaga'' comes from "capno-" for its dependence on CO2 and "cytophaga" for its flexibility and mobility shift (gliding motility). It belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae, order Flavobacteriales. This genus includes eight different species: ''C. ochracea'', ''C. gingivalis'', ''C. granulosa'', ''C. haemolytica'', ''C. sputigena'', ''C. leadbetteri'' (isolated oral cavity of humans), ''C. canimorsus'', and ''C. cynodegmi'' (isolated from the oral cavity of animals). Many strains have also been described whose classification remains uncertain. Bacteriological isolation and identification ''Capnocytophaga'' spp. are fusiform Gram-negative bacilli, and are part of the oral commensal flora. Microscopic observation revealed a high degree of polymorphism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campylobacter Rectus
''Campylobacter rectus'' is a species of ''Campylobacter''. It is implicated as a pathogen in chronic periodontitis, which can induce bone loss. This motile bacillus is a Gram negative The gram (originally gramme; SI unit symbol g) is a unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one one thousandth of a kilogram. Originally defined as of 1795 as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to t ..., facultative anaerobe. ''C. rectus'' is associated with hypertension together with '' Prevotella melaninogenica'' and '' Veillonella parvula''. References Further reading * External linksType strain of ''Campylobacter rectus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Campylobacterota Bacteria described in 1991 {{Campylobacterota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streptococcus Intermedius
''Streptococcus intermedius'' is an aerotolerant anaerobic commensal bacterium and a member of the ''Streptococcus anginosus'' group. The ''S. anginosus'' group, occasionally termed “''Streptococcus milleri'' group” (SMG) display hemolytic and serologic diversity, yet share core physiological traits. Despite being commensal organisms, members of the ''S. anginosus'' group display wide pathogenic potential. ''S. intermedius'' has been isolated from patients with periodontitis and fatal purulent infections, especially brain and liver abscesses.Claridge, J. E., III, S. Attorri, D. M. Musher, J. Hebert, and S. Dunbar. 2001. ''Streptococcus intermedius'', ''Streptococcus constellatus'', and Streptococcus ''anginosus'' (“''Streptococcus milleri'' group”) are of different clinical importance and are not equally associated with abscess. Clin. Infect. Dis. 32:1511–1515.Whiley, R. A., D. Beighton, T. G. Winstanley, H. Y. Fraser, and J. M. Hardie. 1992. ''Streptococcus intermedius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peptostreptococcus
''Peptostreptococcus'' is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. They typically move using cilia. ''Peptostreptococcus'' are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs. ''Peptostreptococcus'' is a normal inhabitant of the healthy lower reproductive tract of women. Pathogenesis ''Peptostreptococcus'' species are commensal organisms in humans, living predominantly in the mouth, skin, gastrointestinal, vagina and urinary tracts, and are members of the gut microbiota. Under immunosuppressed or traumatic conditions these organisms can become pathogenic, as well as septicemic, harming their host. ''Peptostreptococcus'' can cause brain, liver, breast, and lung abscesses, as well as generalized necrotizing soft tissue infections. They participate in mixed anaerobic infections, a term which is used to describe infections that are caused by mult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parvimonas Micra
''Parvimonas micra'' is a Gram positive Anaerobic organism, anaerobic coccus which is frequently isolated from dental plaque in patients with chronic periodontitis. It is the only species in its genus, and is a common constituent of mixed anaerobic infections such as intra-abdominal abscess. It has rarely been implicated as a sole pathogen in septic arthritis, osteomyelitis and discitis associated with recent dental procedures. References External links Type strain of ''Parvimonas micra'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase {{Taxonbar, from=Q26270804 Medically important anaerobes Bacillota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eubacterium Nodatum
''Eubacterium nodatum'' is a Gram positive member of the oral flora Oral microbiology is the study of the microorganisms (microbiota) of the oral cavity and their interactions between oral microorganisms or with the host. The environment present in the human mouth is suited to the growth of characteristic micro ... of some patients with chronic periodontitis.AAP In-Service Exam, 2008-B37 It has been recently added to the red complex bacteria, that are most associated with disease. References External linksType strain of ''Eubacterium nodatum'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Eubacteriaceae Bacteria described in 1980 {{dentistry-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eikenella Corrodens
''Eikenella corrodens'' is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus that can cause severe invasive disease in humans. It was first identified by M. Eiken in 1958, who called it ''Bacteroides corrodens''. ''E. corrodens'' is a rare pericarditis associated pathogen. It is a fastidious, slow growing, human commensal bacillus, capable of acting as an opportunistic pathogen and causing abscesses in several anatomical sites, including the liver, lung, spleen, and submandibular region. ''E. corrodens'' could independently cause serious infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Microbiology ''Eikenella corrodens'' is a pleomorphic bacillus that sometimes appears coccobacillary and typically creates a depression (or "pit") in the agar on which it is growing. Only half produce the pitting of the agar considered characteristic.. It is slow-growing, facultative, anaerobic and a gram-negative bacillus. It grows in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but requires ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
