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Pegivirus
''Pegivirus'' is a genus of single positive-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Flaviviridae''. The name is a derived one: "Pe" stands for "persistent" and "g" is a reference to GB virus C, Hepatitis G, a former name of the ''C'' species. Taxonomy Eleven named species are within the genus ''Pegivirus''. Isolates belonging to the species ''Pegivirus C'' are monophyletic and show 50% nucleotide (>55% amino acid) divergence from other members of this genus. Pegiviruses assigned to this species (''Pegivirus A'') originate from primate host species (humans, chimpanzees and several New World monkey species). The sequence U22303 has been assigned as the type member of the species, as this was the first pegivirus to be described for this species. Terminology to describe viruses with different hosts has not been approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; however, ''Pegivirus A'' viruses have been called HPgV for human pegivirus, SPgV for new world simian pegivirus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pegivirus Virion
''Pegivirus'' is a genus of single positive-stranded RNA viruses in the family ''Flaviviridae''. The name is a derived one: "Pe" stands for "persistent" and "g" is a reference to Hepatitis G, a former name of the ''C'' species. Taxonomy Eleven named species are within the genus ''Pegivirus''. Isolates belonging to the species ''Pegivirus C'' are monophyletic and show 50% nucleotide (>55% amino acid) divergence from other members of this genus. Pegiviruses assigned to this species (''Pegivirus A'') originate from primate host species (humans, chimpanzees and several New World monkey species). The sequence U22303 has been assigned as the type member of the species, as this was the first pegivirus to be described for this species. Terminology to describe viruses with different hosts has not been approved by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; however, ''Pegivirus A'' viruses have been called HPgV for human pegivirus, SPgV for new world simian pegiviruses, and SPg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HPgV-2
HPgV-2 (also known as human pegivirus type 2) is the second human pegivirus discovered. It was first identified in 2005 in blood of transfusion recipients and initially named ''hepegivirus 1'' because it shared some genetic features with both pegiviruses and hepaciviruses. HPgV-2 was later independently discovered by another group in the blood of a HCV-infected patient who had undergone multiple blood transfusions and died from sepsis of unclear etiology. It was then named ''human pegivirus 2''. HPgV-2 is now classified in the ''Pegivirus'' genus as part of ''Pegivirus columbiaense'' species. HPgV-2 is a blood-borne virus that causes chronic long-term infections much like hepatitis C virus (HCV) and GB virus C (HPgV) – the first human pegivirus to have been discovered – but is not known to be associated with any disease. It usually infects people who are already infected by HCV and has the prevalence around 1–2% in such persons. Its prevalence in HCV/HIV coinfected subjects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GB Virus C
GB virus C (GBV-C), formerly known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) and also known as human pegivirus (HPgV), is a virus in the family ''Flaviviridae'' and a member of the '' Pegivirus''. It is known to infect humans but is not known to cause human disease. Reportedly, HIV patients coinfected with GBV-C can survive longer than those without GBV-C, but the patients may be different in other ways. Research is active into the virus' effects on the immune system in patients coinfected with GBV-C and HIV. Human infection The majority of immunocompetent individuals clear GBV-C viraemia, but in some individuals, infection persists for decades. However, the time interval between GBV-C infection and clearance of viraemia (detection of GBV-C RNA in plasma) is not known. About 2% of healthy US blood donors are viraemic with GBV-C, and up to 13% of blood donors have antibodies to E2 protein, indicating possible prior infection. Parenteral, sexual, and vertical transmissions of GBV-C have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GBV-C
GB virus C (GBV-C), formerly known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) and also known as human pegivirus (HPgV), is a virus in the family ''Flaviviridae'' and a member of the ''Pegivirus''. It is known to infect humans but is not known to cause human disease. Reportedly, HIV patients coinfected with GBV-C can survive longer than those without GBV-C, but the patients may be different in other ways. Research is active into the virus' effects on the immune system in patients coinfected with GBV-C and HIV. Human infection The majority of immunocompetent individuals clear GBV-C viraemia, but in some individuals, infection persists for decades. However, the time interval between GBV-C infection and clearance of viraemia (detection of GBV-C RNA in plasma) is not known. About 2% of healthy US blood donors are viraemic with GBV-C, and up to 13% of blood donors have antibodies to E2 protein, indicating possible prior infection. Parenteral, sexual, and vertical transmissions of GBV-C have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equine Pegivirus
Equine pegivirus (EPgV) is a virus in the genus ''Pegivirus'' of the family ''Flaviviridae ''Flaviviridae'' is a family of Viral envelope, enveloped positive-strand RNA viruses which mainly infect mammals and birds. They are primarily spread through arthropod vector (epidemiology), vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets ...''. It was discovered in 2013 in blood of horses and causes chronic infections. EPgV is not known to be responsible for any disease in horses. In a serosurvey of EPgV and related viruses, antibodies to EPgV were detected in the majority of horses, indicating a high prevalence in them. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q19904089 Pegiviruses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepacivirus
''Hepacivirus'' is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family ''Flaviviridae''. The hepatitis C virus (HCV), in species ''Hepacivirus hominis'', infects humans and is associated with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are fourteen species in the genus which infect a range of other vertebrate. History Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is the causative agent of hepatitis C in humans, and a member of the species ''Hepacivirus C'', was discovered in 1989. Eight genotypes (1–8) and eighty-six subtypes (1a, 1b etc.) of hepatitis C virus have been named. GBV-B virus (also known as GB virus B) discovered in 1995 is capable of infecting New World monkeys, in particular tamarins. Like HCV it is transmitted by the blood-borne route and similar to HCV it is associated with the viral hepatitis. However GBV-B has never been identified in wild animals and its natural host is not known. Structure Viruses in the genus ''Hepacivirus'' are enveloped and have spherical icosahe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteropus Giganteus
The Indian flying fox (''Pteropus medius''), also known as the greater Indian fruit bat, is a species of flying fox native to the Indian subcontinent. It is one of the largest bats in the world. It is of interest as a disease vector, as it is capable of transmitting several viruses to humans. It is nocturnal and feeds mainly on ripe fruits, such as mangoes and bananas, and nectar. This species is often regarded as vermin due to its destructive tendencies towards fruit farms, but the benefits of its pollination and seed propagation often outweigh the impacts of its fruit consumption. Taxonomy and phylogeny The Indian flying fox was described as a new species by Dutch zoologist and museum curator Coenraad Jacob Temminck in 1825 who gave it the scientific name ''Pteropus medius''. Confusion over the name has prevailed in the literature as in 1782 Danish zoologist Morten Thrane Brünnich, gave the scientific name ''Vespertilio gigantea'' as a replacement for ''Vespertilio vampyrus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proscyllium Habereri
The genus ''Proscyllium'' is a small genus of finback catsharks in the family Proscylliidae. Species * '' Proscyllium habereri'' Hilgendorf, 1904 (graceful catshark) * '' Proscyllium magnificum'' Last & Vongpanich, 2004 (magnificent catshark) * ''Proscyllium venustum The spotted smooth dogfish (''Proscyllium venustum'') is a finback catshark of the family Proscylliidae, found in the temperate northwest Pacific Ocean, in the Okinawa Trough. Little else is known about this harmless oviparous Oviparous anim ...'' S. Tanaka, 1912 Shark genera Taxa named by Franz Martin Hilgendorf {{shark-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotoma Albigula
The white-throated woodrat (''Neotoma albigula'') is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found from central Mexico north to Utah and Colorado in the United States. It is primarily a western species in the United States, extending from central Texas west to southeastern California. Populations east of the Rio Grande in New Mexico and Trans-Pecos Texas, previously considered to be variants of the white-throated woodrat, have since 1988 been assigned to the white-toothed woodrat (''Neotoma leucodon''). The animal lives mostly in the Upper and Lower Sonoran life zones, occurring from pinyon-juniper woodland in higher country to desert habitats at lower elevations. As with other species of woodrats, the white-throated woodrat constructs middens of a variety of materials such as sticks, cactus parts, and miscellaneous debris. An above-ground chamber within the midden contains a nest lined with grasses and kept free of feces. In non-rocky areas, the den usually is sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertically Transmitted Infection
A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogenic bacteria or viruses that use mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth. It can occur when the mother has a pre-existing disease or becomes infected during pregnancy. Nutritional deficiencies may exacerbate the risks of perinatal infections. Vertical transmission is important for the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases, especially for diseases of animals with large litter sizes, as it causes a wave of new infectious individuals. Types of infections Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex: # T – toxoplasmosis from '' Toxoplasma gondii'' # O – other infections (see below) # R – rubella # C – cytomegalovirus # H – herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex Other in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
