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Pavel Krushevan
Pavel Aleksandrovich Krushevan (; ) ( – ) was a journalist, editor, publisher and an official in Imperial Russia. He was an active Black Hundredist and known for his far-right, ultra-nationalist and openly antisemitic views. He was the first publisher of ''The Protocols of the Elders of Zion''. Biography Born Pavolaki Krushevan into a family of impoverished Russianized Moldavian aristocrats in the village of Gindeshty, Soroksky, in the Bessarabia Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Ghindești, Florești, Moldova), where he completed four grades of school. Krushevan's half-sister Sarah Borenstein (born Anastasia Krushevan) was a "pious Jewish woman" who had converted to Judaism. Sarah was married to Chaim Borenstein, the son of a shohet. Sarah alleged that her brother and her parents "beat her and threatened to drive her from their home" after they discovered her relationship with Chaim. Krushevan's newspaper published daily attacks on Sarah and Chaim, accusing the J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-right
Far-right politics, often termed right-wing extremism, encompasses a range of ideologies that are marked by ultraconservatism, authoritarianism, ultranationalism, and nativism. This political spectrum situates itself on the far end of the right, distinguished from more mainstream right-wing ideologies by its opposition to liberal democratic norms and emphasis on exclusivist views. Far-right ideologies have historically included fascism, Nazism, and Falangism, while contemporary manifestations also incorporate neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, white supremacy, and various other movements characterized by chauvinism, xenophobia, and theocratic or reactionary beliefs. Key to the far-right worldview is the notion of societal purity, often invoking ideas of a homogeneous "national" or "ethnic" community. This view generally promotes organicism, which perceives society as a unified, natural entity under threat from diversity or modern pluralism. Far-right movements frequently targe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltimore
Baltimore is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland. With a population of 585,708 at the 2020 census and estimated at 568,271 in 2024, it is the 30th-most populous U.S. city. The Baltimore metropolitan area is the 20th-largest metropolitan area in the country at 2.84 million residents. The city is also part of the Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area, which had a population of 9.97 million in 2020. Baltimore was designated as an independent city by the Constitution of Maryland in 1851. Though not located under the jurisdiction of any county in the state, it forms part of the central Maryland region together with the surrounding county that shares its name. The land that is present-day Baltimore was used as hunting ground by Paleo-Indians. In the early 1600s, the Susquehannock began to hunt there. People from the Province of Maryland established the Port of Baltimore in 1706 to support the tobacco trade with Europe and established the Town ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Romanian Sentiment
Anti-Romanian sentiment, also known as Romanophobia (, ''românofobie'') is hostility, hatred towards, or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived ethnic group, and it can range from personal feelings of hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution. To varying degrees, anti-Romanian discrimination and sentiment have both been present among the populations and governments of nations which border Romania, either towards Romania itself or towards Romanian ethnic minorities which have resided in these countries. Similar patterns have also existed towards other ethnic groups, both in the region and elsewhere in the world, especially where political borders do not coincide with the patterns of ethnic populations. By country Kingdom of Hungary and the Habsburg Monarchy Transylvania in the Middle Ages was organized according to the system of Estates, which were privileged groups (''universitates'') with power and influence in socio-economic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of The Russian People
The Union of the Russian People (URP) (; СРН/SRN) was a royalist, loyalist Far-right politics, far-right Nationalism, nationalist political party, the most important among Black Hundreds, Black-Hundredist Monarchism, monarchist political organizations in the Russian Empire between 1905 and 1917. — p. 71–72. Since Union of the Russian People (2005), 2005, organizational cells of the Union have been undergoing a revival in Russia and Ukraine. Founded in October 1905, its aim was to rally the people behind Great Russia, Great Russian nationalism and the Emperor of Russia, Tsar, espousing anti-socialist, anti-liberal, and above all Antisemitism in the Russian Empire, antisemitic views. By 1906, it had over 300,000 members. Its paramilitary armed bands, called the Black Hundreds, fought revolutionaries violently in the streets. Its leaders organised a series of political assassinations of deputies and other representatives of parties which supported the Russian Revolution of 190 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. In England, Wales, Ireland and Britain's American colonies, there were two calendar changes, both in 1752. The first adjusted the start of a new year from 25 March (Lady Day, the Feast of the Annunciation) to 1 January, a change which Scotland had made in 1600. The second discarded the Julian calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days in the month of September to do so.. "Before 1752, parish registers, in addition to a new year heading after 24th March showing, for example '1733', had another heading at the end of the following December indicating '1733/4'. This showed where the Historical Year 1734 started even though the Civil Year 1733 continued until 24th March. ... We as historians have no excus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Znamya (newspaper)
''Znamya'' ("''Banner''", , ) was a newspaper established by ultra-nationalist Black Hundreds journalist Pavel Krushevan in Petersburg. It is known for printing the first published version of the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in the issues of August–September 1903. This version has never been translated from russian. Bibliographical controversies There is no consensus regarding the start time of the newspaper. The main source of controversy is "Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary", a Russian analogue of 1911 ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. * Article "Znamya, a newspaper in St.-Petersburg" ("") says that this newspaper was established by its editor and publisher Krushevan in 1902 and describes the position of this edition as "extreme misoneism and anti-Semitism". * However, the article "Krushevan, Pavel Alexandrovich" says that "Znamya" was established at the end of 1903, and that "this newspaper was short-lived". Given the fact that the issues containing the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601,911 residents as of 2021, with more than 6.4 million people living in the Saint Petersburg metropolitan area, metropolitan area. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As the former capital of the Russian Empire, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kishinev Pogrom
The Kishinev pogrom or Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev (modern Chișinău, Moldova), then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on . During the pogrom, which began on Easter Day, between 40 and 49 Jews were killed, 92 were gravely injured, over 500 were lightly injured and 1,500 homes were damaged. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help, and assisted in emigration. The incident focused worldwide attention on the persecution of Jews within the Russian Empire, and led Theodor Herzl to propose the Uganda Scheme as a temporary refuge for the Jews. A second pogrom erupted in the city in October 1905. History The most popular newspaper in Kishinev at the time, the Russian-language anti-Semitic newspaper ''Бессарабец'' (''Bessarabets'', meaning "Bessarabian"), published by Pavel Krushevan, regularly published articles with headlines such as "Death to the Jews!" and "Crusade against the Hate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bessarabia
Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coastal region and part of the Ukrainian Chernivtsi Oblast covering a small area in the north. In the late 14th century, the newly established Principality of Moldavia encompassed what later became known as Bessarabia. Afterward, this territory was directly or indirectly, partly or wholly controlled by: the Ottoman Empire (as suzerain of Moldavia, with direct rule only in Budjak and Khotyn), the Russian Empire, Romania, the USSR. In the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), and the ensuing Treaty of Bucharest (1812), Peace of Bucharest, the eastern parts of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia, an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman vassal state, vassal, along with some areas formerly under direct Ottoman rule, were ceded to Imperial Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilna
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
