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Paul Varul
Paul Varul (born 10 December 1952 in Valga) is an Estonian lawyer and politician. He was the Minister of Justice of Estonia 1995–1999. He was involved in drafting all the major legal acts of private law in Estonia (examples include: Law of Property Act, General Part of the Civil Code Act, Family Law Act, Law of Succession Act, Commercial Code, Law of Obligations Act, Bankruptcy Act, Reorganisation Act, Electronic Communications Act etc.). He has also been an expert contributor to the drafting of the National Central Bank Act (Eesti Pank Act) and the legislation regulating the pursuit of business of a credit institution (including the Credit Institutions Act). Currently Varul is a senior partner of the law firm TGS Baltic. He is one of the Founding Members of the European Law Institute The European Law Institute (ELI) is an independent non-profit organisation established to initiate, conduct and facilitate research, make recommendations and provide practical guidance in the ...
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Ministry Of Justice (Estonia)
The Estonian Ministry of Justice ( et, Justiitsministeerium) is the Ministry of Justice of Estonia. The Minister of Justice ( et, justiitsminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Justice in the Estonian Government. The Ministry is responsible for providing support to the court system and providing legal focus in proposing new laws. Duties and structures Ministry of Justice has following duties and structures: * Prisons (Estonian Department of Prisons) * The Prosecutor's Office * Courts * Patent Office * Estonian Competition Authority * Data Protection Inspectorate * Estonian Forensic Institute * Centre of Registers and Information Systems List of ministers * Jüri Raidla (3 April 1990 – 30 January 1992) *Märt Rask (30 January 1992 – 21 October 1992) *Kaido Kama (21 October 1992 – 23 May 1994) * Urmas Arumäe (2 June 1994 – 8 November 1994) * Jüri Adams (8 November 1994 – 17 April 1995) *Paul Varul (17 April 1995 – 6 November 1995; 6 November 1995 – ...
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Estonian Minister Of Justice
The Estonian Ministry of Justice ( et, Justiitsministeerium) is the Ministry of Justice of Estonia. The Minister of Justice ( et, justiitsminister) is the senior minister at the Ministry of Justice in the Estonian Government. The Ministry is responsible for providing support to the court system and providing legal focus in proposing new laws. Duties and structures Ministry of Justice has following duties and structures: * Prisons (Estonian Department of Prisons) * The Prosecutor's Office * Courts * Patent Office * Estonian Competition Authority * Data Protection Inspectorate * Estonian Forensic Institute * Centre of Registers and Information Systems List of ministers *Jüri Raidla (3 April 1990 – 30 January 1992) *Märt Rask (30 January 1992 – 21 October 1992) *Kaido Kama (21 October 1992 – 23 May 1994) * Urmas Arumäe (2 June 1994 – 8 November 1994) *Jüri Adams (8 November 1994 – 17 April 1995) *Paul Varul (17 April 1995 – 6 November 1995; 6 November 1995 – 17 M ...
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University Of Tartu Alumni
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The first universities in Europe were established by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *being a high degree-awarding institute. *using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hild ...
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People From Valga, Estonia
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of p ...
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Justice Ministers Of Estonia
Justice, in its broadest sense, is the principle that people receive that which they deserve, with the interpretation of what then constitutes "deserving" being impacted upon by numerous fields, with many differing viewpoints and perspectives, including the concepts of moral correctness based on ethics, rationality, law, religion, equity and fairness. The state will sometimes endeavor to increase justice by operating courts and enforcing their rulings. Early theories of justice were set out by the Ancient Greek philosophers Plato in his work The Republic, and Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics. Advocates of divine command theory have said that justice issues from God. In the 1600s, philosophers such as John Locke said that justice derives from natural law. Social contract theory said that justice is derived from the mutual agreement of everyone. In the 1800s, utilitarian philosophers such as John Stuart Mill said that justice is based on the best outcomes for the great ...
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21st-century Estonian Lawyers
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius (AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman emperor, ...
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Living People
Related categories * :Year of birth missing (living people) / :Year of birth unknown * :Date of birth missing (living people) / :Date of birth unknown * :Place of birth missing (living people) / :Place of birth unknown * :Year of death missing / :Year of death unknown * :Date of death missing / :Date of death unknown * :Place of death missing / :Place of death unknown * :Missing middle or first names See also * :Dead people * :Template:L, which generates this category or death years, and birth year and sort keys. : {{DEFAULTSORT:Living people 21st-century people People by status ...
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1952 Births
Year 195 ( CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 ''Ab urbe condita ''Ab urbe condita'' ( 'from the founding of the City'), or ''anno urbis conditae'' (; 'in the year since the city's founding'), abbreviated as AUC or AVC, expresses a date in years since 753 BC, the traditional founding of Rome. It is an exp ...''). The denomination 195 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus has the Roman Senate deify the previous emperor Commodus, in an attempt to gain favor with the family of Marcus Aurelius. * King Vologases V of Parthia, Vologases V and other eastern princes support the claims of Pescennius Niger. The Roman provin ...
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European Law Institute
The European Law Institute (ELI) is an independent non-profit organisation established to initiate, conduct and facilitate research, make recommendations and provide practical guidance in the field of European legal development with a goal of enhancing the European legal integration. The idea of an ELI was inspired by the activities of the American Law Institute (ALI), founded in 1923 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ELI has individual and institutional members, some of whom have voting rights. Members of ELI include law professors, attorneys, judges and other professionals in the legal industry. Pascal Pichonnaz, Professor for Swiss contract law, Roman law, as well as European consumer law and comparative contract law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Fribourg, was elected as President of the ELI in February 2021 and took office in September 2021, succeeding Christiane Wendehorst, Professor of civil law at the University of Vienna, who served as ELI Pres ...
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Tiit Vähi
Tiit Vähi (born 10 January 1947) is an Estonian politician who was Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997. He was also acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government. Life and career Born in Kaagjärve Parish, Estonia, Vähi graduated from the Tallinn Technical University with a degree in engineering. From the time of his graduation until 1992, he served in several top managerial post with the Valga Trucking Company. During the Estonian national independence movement, Vähi was among the organisers of the Estonian Popular Front, and led its regional committee in Valga County. In 1989, he was appointed Minister of Transport and Communications, a post that he held until January 1992. During his tenure as Transport Minister, he forged close ties with the transport ministries of the Nordic countries and improved relations with the other two Baltic States on transport related issues. He transferred control of Estonia's airports, railways ...
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TGS Baltic
TGS is a three-letter acronym which may refer to: Educational establishments * Tadcaster Grammar School, North Yorkshire, England * Takapuna Grammar School, Auckland, New Zealand * The Geneva School, Winter Park, Florida * Thetford Grammar School, Norfolk, England * Think Global School, New York City, United States * The Graduate School at Northwestern University. Illinois * Tiffin Girls' School, Kingston upon Thames, England * Tonbridge Grammar School, Tonbridge, England * Toowoomba Grammar School, Toowoomba, Australia * Tottenham Grammar School, London, England * Townsville Grammar School, Townsville, Australia * Trinity Grammar School, Melbourne, Australia * Trinity Grammar School, Sydney, Australia Companies * TGS Management, American quantitative hedge fund * Transportadora de Gas del Sur, a Southern Natural Gas Transportation Company in Argentina * TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company, a Norwegian geoscience data, software and service provider Computing * The Great Giana Si ...
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