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Pasqua Rosée
Pasqua Rosée () was a 17th-century domestic servant, servant who opened the first coffee-house in London and possibly Britain. He was born into the ethnic Greek community of the Republic of Ragusa (now southernmost Croatia). In 1651 he became the servant of Daniel Edwards, an English merchant of the Levant Company who was living in Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey) in the Ottoman Empire; Rosée's duties included preparing and serving Edwards's daily coffee. In late 1651 Edwards returned to London, taking Rosée with him. The number and frequency of friends visiting Edwards to drink coffee with him disrupted his social life, and so he set up Rosée as the proprietor of a coffee-house near the Royal Exchange, London, Royal Exchange. As Rosée was not a freeman of the City of London he was not able to trade; accordingly Edwards made his father-in-law's former apprentice, Christopher "Kitt" Bowman—a freeman of the City—join Rosée as a partner. The last known reference to Rosée w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domestic Servant
A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or childcare, care for children and elderly dependents, and other household errands. The term "domestic service" applies to the equivalent occupational category. In traditional English contexts, such a person was said to be "in service". Some domestic workers live within their employer's household. In some cases, the contribution and skill of servants whose work encompassed complex management tasks in large households have been highly valued. However, for the most part, domestic work tends to be demanding and is commonly considered to be undervalued, despite often being necessary. Although legislation protecting domestic workers is in place in many countries, it is often not extensively enforced. In many jurisdictions, domestic work is poorly regulated and domestic workers a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartered Company
A chartered company is an association with investors or shareholders that is Incorporation (business), incorporated and granted rights (often Monopoly, exclusive rights) by royal charter (or similar instrument of government) for the purpose of trade, exploration, or colonization, or a combination of these. Notable chartered companies (with years of formation) Austrian British The article ''Chartered Companies'' in the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition, by William Bartleet Duffield, contains a detailed narrative description of the development of some of the companies in England and, later, Britain. Dutch English French German Polish-Lithuanian Portuguese Russian *1799–1867 Russian-American Company Scandinavian Scottish Spanish Italian From 3 August 1889 to 15 May 1893 Filonardi was the first Governor of Italian Somaliland and was in charge of an Italian company responsible for the administra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scurvy
Scurvy is a deficiency disease (state of malnutrition) resulting from a lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Early symptoms of deficiency include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Without treatment, anemia, decreased red blood cells, gum disease, changes to hair, and bleeding from the skin may occur. As scurvy worsens, there can be poor wound healing, personality changes, and finally death from infection or bleeding. It takes at least a month of little to no vitamin C in the diet before symptoms occur. In modern times, scurvy occurs most commonly in people with mental disorders, unusual eating habits, alcoholism, and older people who live alone. Other risk factors include intestinal malabsorption and Kidney dialysis, dialysis. While many animals produce their vitamin C, humans and a few others do not. Vitamin C, an antioxidant, is required to make the building blocks for collagen, carnitine, and catecholamines, and assists the intestines in the absorption of iron from foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gout
Gout ( ) is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and Joint effusion, swollen joint, caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensity in less than 12 hours. The Metatarsophalangeal joint, joint at the base of the Hallux, big toe is affected (''Podagra'') in about half of cases. It may also result in Tophus, tophi, kidney stones, or Urate nephropathy, kidney damage. Gout is due to persistently elevated levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood (hyperuricemia). This occurs from a combination of diet, other health problems, and genetic factors. At high levels, uric acid crystallizes and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues, resulting in an attack of gout. Gout occurs more commonly in those who regularly drink beer or sugar-sweetened beverages; eat foods that are high in purines such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dropsy
Edema (American English), also spelled oedema (British English), and also known as fluid retention, swelling, dropsy and hydropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue. Most commonly, the legs or arms are affected. Symptoms may include skin that feels tight, the area feeling heavy, and joint stiffness. Other symptoms depend on the underlying cause. Causes may include venous insufficiency, heart failure, kidney problems, low protein levels, liver problems, deep vein thrombosis, infections, kwashiorkor, angioedema, certain medications, and lymphedema. It may also occur in immobile patients (stroke, spinal cord injury, aging), or with temporary immobility such as prolonged sitting or standing, and during menstruation or pregnancy. The condition is more concerning if it starts suddenly, or pain or shortness of breath is present. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. If the underlying mechanism involves sodium retention, decreased salt intake and a diuretic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Handbill
A flyer (or flier) is a form of paper advertisement intended for wide distribution and typically posted or distributed in a public place, handed out to individuals or sent through the mail. Today, flyers range from inexpensively photocopied leaflets to expensive, glossy, full-color circulars. Flyers in a digital format can be shared on the internet. Terminology A flyer is also called a "palm card", "circular", "handbill", "pamphlet", "poster", "lit'" (literature), "weekly ad", "catalogue" or "leaflet". Usage Flyers may be used by individuals, businesses, not-for-profit organizations or governments to: * Advertise an event such as a music concert, nightclub appearance, festival, or political rally * Promote a goods-selling businesses such as a used car lot discount store or a service business such as a restaurant or massage parlour. * Persuade people about a social, religious, or political message, as in evangelism or political campaign activities on behalf of a political party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Michael, Cornhill
St Michael, Cornhill, is a medieval parish church in the City of London with pre-Norman Conquest parochial foundation. It lies in the ward of Cornhill, London, Cornhill. The medieval structure was lost in the Great Fire of London, and replaced by the present building, traditionally attributed to Sir Christopher Wren. The upper parts of the tower are by Nicholas Hawksmoor. The church was embellished by Sir George Gilbert Scott and Herbert Williams in the nineteenth century. Early history The church of St Michael, Cornhill is sited directly above the location of the western apse of the former London Roman basilica (built c. 90–120). Although its walls are not aligned with the basilica, some of the church's foundations still sit directly on top of the Roman foundations. The first reference to the church was in 1055, when Alnod the priest gifted it to the Abbey of Evesham, "Alnod sacerdos dedit ecclesiam, beati Michaelis in Cornhulle, London". The patronage remained in the posse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornhill, London
Cornhill (formerly also Cornhil) is a ward and street in the City of London, the historic nucleus and financial centre of modern London, England. The street runs between Bank Junction and Leadenhall Street. The hill from which it takes its name is one of the three ancient hills of London; the others are Tower Hill, site of the Tower of London, and Ludgate Hill, crowned by St Paul's Cathedral. The highest point of Cornhill is at above sea level. History Cornhill is one of the traditional divisions of the City. The street contains two of the City churches designed by Sir Christopher Wren: St. Michael, Cornhill, and St Peter upon Cornhill, reputed to occupy the oldest Christianised site in London. Both are on the site of the Roman forum of ''Londinium''. At its other end it meets Threadneedle Street, Poultry, Lombard Street and others at Bank junction. Sir Thomas Gresham's original Royal Exchange fronted onto Cornhill, but its successor on the site, designed by Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pasqua Rosée's Coffee Shop, St Michael's Alley
Pasqua may refer to: * Pasqua Lake, Saskatchewan, community in Saskatchewan *Pasqua Lake, lake in Saskatchewan *Pasqua First Nation, First Nations in Saskatchewan * Pasqua 79, Indian Reserve in Saskatchewan * Pasqua Hospital, hospital in Regina, Saskatchewan * Pasqua Coffee, a San Francisco-based retail coffee chain that was named the Pedestrian Café when it opened in 1983 *Pasqua Rosée Pasqua Rosée () was a 17th-century domestic servant, servant who opened the first coffee-house in London and possibly Britain. He was born into the ethnic Greek community of the Republic of Ragusa (now southernmost Croatia). In 1651 he became ..., the first coffeeshop proprietor of London See also * Pasqua (surname), including a list of people with the name {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Henry Hyde
Sir Henry Hyde (c.1605–1650) was a Royalist diplomat beheaded by the Parliamentarians, for acting as an envoy for the soon-to-be exiled King, Charles II of England. His father Lawrence Hyde (1562-1641) of Salisbury, Wiltshire, was the attorney-general to Anne of Denmark and a Member of Parliament (MP). Henry became a merchant and consul, based for many years in Turkey. During the Interregnum, he was selected by Charles II (who would flee into exile in 1651), to act as an envoy to the Turkish empire and solicit their support for his cause. The official Parliamentarian (Roundhead) ambassador, Sir Thomas Bendish, strongly objected to his presence in Constantinople and prevailed upon the Turks to arrest him and ship him back to England. Sir Henry Hyde was imprisoned in the Tower, charged with treason, and tried by a court made up from the House of Commons. The court found him guilty and sentenced him to death. He was beheaded, after kissing the executioner's axe, outside the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir Sackvile Crowe
Sir Sackville Crowe, 1st Baronet (7 December 1595 (baptised) – 27 October 1671) was an English politician. Family background He was born in Brasted Kent in around 1595, he was the son of William Crowe of Socketts or Stockets, and Anne, daughter of John Sackville. Early in 1617, he secured a reversionary lease of the former Perrot lordship of Laugharne from Charles, Prince of Wales which grant fell in on the death of Dorothy Percy, Countess of Northumberland, in April 1619 and he took up residence there. Sackville Crowe married Mary Manners (born 1612), a daughter of Sir George Manners of Haddon and Grace, a daughter of Sir Henry Pierrepont. They had one son, also named Sackville, born around 1636 and who died in 1706. Career He was a Member of Parliament for Hastings in the 1625 Parliament (the "Useless Parliament") and for Bramber in the 1628-9 Parliament. The Duke of Buckingham sent him to Amsterdam in 1625 with some of his jewels and the jewels of James VI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Interregnum
The interregnum in the British Isles began with the execution of Charles I in January 1649 (and from September 1651 in Scotland) and ended in May 1660 when his son Charles II was restored to the thrones of the three realms, although he had been already acclaimed king in Scotland since 1649. During this time the monarchial system of government was replaced with the Commonwealth of England. The precise start and end of the interregnum, as well as the social and political events that occurred during the interregnum, varied in the three kingdoms and the English dominions. Prelude After the Second English Civil War, the leadership of the New Model Army felt deeply betrayed by the King because they thought that while they had been negotiating in good faith he had duplicitously gone behind their backs in making The Engagement with the Scots and encouraging a new civil war. In April 1648, the Grandees of the Army met for a three-day meeting in Windsor Castle. At the end of the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
