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Paruman Agung
The Paruman Agung (, or 'Big Meeting') was the regional parliament of Bali from 1938 until 1950. This was the first legislative body owned by Bali during the Japanese and Dutch occupation until the Indonesian independence which was later replaced by the Bali Regional House of Representatives. History Dutch East Indies (1938–1942) On 1 July 1938, with the decision of the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, the eight kingdoms of Bali were re-established. The kings of Bali were inaugurated two days earlier in a ceremony at the Besakih Temple. The kings of the eight kingdoms became members of the Paruman Agung, which was established on 30 September 1938. During this era, the Paruman Agung was composed of nine members, consisting of the speaker, who was a Resident of Bali and Lombok, and the eight members. Each king was assisted by two advisors. The Paruman Agung also had a secretary, who was appointed by the members and with the approval of the speaker. Japanese occup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Committee Of Lesser Sunda
Indonesian is anything of, from, or related to Indonesia, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It may refer to: * Indonesians, citizens of Indonesia ** Native Indonesians, diverse groups of local inhabitants of the archipelago ** Indonesian women, overview of women's history and contemporary situations * Indonesian language (Indonesian: ''Bahasa Indonesia''), the official language of Indonesia ** Languages of Indonesia, Indonesian languages, overview of some of the 700 languages spoken in Indonesia ** Indonesian names, customs reflecting the multicultural and polyglot nature of Indonesia * Indonesian culture, a complex of indigenous customs and foreign influences ** Indonesian art, various artistic expressions and artworks in the archipelago ** Indonesian cinema, a struggling and developing industry ** Indonesian literature, literature from Indonesia and Southeast Asia with shared language roots ** Indonesian music, hundreds of forms of traditional and contemporary music ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
I Gusti Bagus Oka
I Gusti Bagus Oka (Also spelled I Gusti Bagoes Oka) (26 January 1910 – 22 July 1992) was the 2nd resident of Bali before Bali become a province, and Governor of Lesser Sunda. He and his wife, Gedong Bagus Oka, were the founding members of the Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia. I Gusti Bagus Oka was also the first Vice-chair of Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia. Throughout his public service career, I Gusti Bagus Oka held various government offices, while Gedong Bagus Oka served as Member of Parliament. The couple were also actively involved in social activity and foundeAshram Gandhiin Candidasa, Bali. Early life and movement activist I Gusti Bagus Oka was born in Karangasem, Bali on January 26, 1910. He was born in Balinese aristocracy from Puri Kawan. Although Bali is predominantly a Hindu community, the diaspora Sasak Muslim community in Karangasem, gave him the title ‘Baginda Usman’, due to historical relationship between Puri Kawan (Western Court) and Lombok Muslims, refl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands Institute Of Southeast Asian And Caribbean Studies
The KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (, abbreviated as KITLV) at Leiden was founded in 1851. Its objective is the advancement of the study of the anthropology, linguistics, social sciences, and history of Southeast Asia, the Pacific Area, and the Caribbean. Special emphasis is laid on the former Dutch colonies of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), Suriname, and the Dutch West Indies (the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba). Its unique collection of books, manuscripts, prints and photographs attracts visiting scholars from all over the world. On July 1, 2014, the management of the collection was taken over by Leiden University Libraries. Jakarta In 1969, a KITLV office was started by Hans Ras in Jakarta ("KITLV-Jakarta"), as a part of an agreement with the Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Here, publications from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore are bought and given a place in the library of the institute, publications of the institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anak Agung Pandji Tisna
Anak Agung Pandji Tisna (; 11 February 1908 – 2 June 1978), also known as Anak Agung Njoman Pandji Tisna, I Gusti Njoman Pandji Tisna, or just Pandji Tisna, was the 11th descendant of the Panji Sakti dynasty of Buleleng, Singaraja, which is in the northern part of Bali, Indonesia. He succeeded his father, Anak Agung Putu Djelantik, in 1944. On the last page of Pandji Tisna's book, ''I Made Widiadi'', written in 1955, he wrote his life story in chronological order. He was a writer and a novelist. He refused to be the king of Buleleng, but being the eldest son, the Japanese occupancy troops forced him to be "syucho" after the death of his father in 1944. During his reign, he became the leader of the Council of Kings of all of Bali from 1946 to 1947 (''Paruman Agung'') and the Regent of Buleleng. In 1947, because his uniquely Christian faith did not fit in with the predominant Hindu religion, Pandji Tisna surrendered the throne to his younger brother, Anak Agung Ngurah Ketut Dje ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Of Indonesia
The United States of Indonesia (, ; abbreviated as RIS or RUSI, also known as Federal Republic of Indonesia) was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (except Netherlands New Guinea) on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia. It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia. Background In January 1942, the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies, displacing the Dutch colonial government. On 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese surrender, Indonesian nationalist leader Sukarno declared Indonesian independence. The Dutch, viewing Sukarno and the Indonesian leadership as having collaborated with the Japanese, decided to restore their authority. However, British South East Asia Command, under Lord Louis Mount ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udayana University
Udayana University (; ), abbreviated as UNUD) is a for-profit public university in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. It was established on September 29, 1962, and it used to belong to the Airlangga University mainly located in Surabaya. Its current rector is Sudarsana. The university's name was derived from the 10th-century Balinese King Udayana (Dharmodayana) of the Warmadewa Dynasty. Based on official data released by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of Indonesia (Kemenristekdikti), Udayana University is ranked 57th. The ranking released by Kemenristekdikti is based on four indicators, those are the quality of human resources, the quality of management, the variety of student activities, quality of research and publications. Moreover, based on international university ranking data released by UniRank through its website, Udayana University is ranked 1811th in the world, and 30th in Indonesia. Udayana University obtained accreditation "A" status (the highest) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliamentary Immunity
Parliamentary immunity, also known as legislative immunity, is a system in which politicians or other political leaders are granted full immunity from legal prosecution, both civil prosecution and criminal prosecution, in the course of the execution of their official duties. Advocates of parliamentary immunity suggest the doctrine is necessary to keep a check on unauthorised use of power of the judiciary, to maintain judicial accountability, and to promote the health of democratic institutions. Westminster system countries Legislators in countries using the Westminster system, such as the United Kingdom, are protected from civil action and criminal law for slander and libel by parliamentary immunity whilst they are in the House. This protection is part of the privileges afforded the Houses of Parliament under parliamentary privileges. Parliamentary immunity from criminal prosecution is not enjoyed by Members of Parliament under the Westminster system. This lack of criminal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interpellation (politics)
Interpellation is a formal parliamentary procedure through which members of parliament request that the government explain, clarify, or justify its policies, actions, or decisions. Typically presented in written or oral form, this process mandates that the government respond within a specified timeframe and may lead to subsequent debates or even votes of no confidence. The primary objectives of interpellation are to ensure governmental accountability—upholding the principles of responsible government—as well as to monitor the exercise of executive power and safeguard against its abuse while promoting transparency and public participation in policy deliberations. Interpellation in parliamentary politics can be traced back to Latin and French. The term comes from the Latin verb ''interpellāre,'' meaning “to interrupt by speaking” or “to call out.” The word was subsequently absorbed into medieval French as “interpellation,” retaining the meaning of “to call ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Road Tax
Road tax, known by various names around the world, is a tax which has to be paid on, or included with, a motorised vehicle to use it on a public road. National implementations Australia All states and territories require an annual vehicle registration fee to be paid in order to use a vehicle on public roads; the cost of which varies from state to state and is dependent on the type of vehicle. The fee is known colloquially as 'rego' (pronounced with a soft g, short for registration). Queensland road tax is based on the number of cylinders or rotors the vehicle's engine has. There is also a small traffic improvement fee. New South Wales road tax is paid based on the vehicle's tare weight. Belgium Passenger cars pay a registration fee based on the engine displacement and power output (degressive towards 2014 (66% in 2012, 33% in 2013, 0% in 2014) and environmental criteria such as CO2 g/km output (increasingly towards 2014). The more CO2 g/km the car produces, the higher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral College
An electoral college is a body whose task is to elect a candidate to a particular office. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government, and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber, in a democracy. Its members, called ''electors'', are either elected by the people for this purpose (making the whole process an indirect election) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations. If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament, elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany) normally do not fall into this definition. Examples United States The United States Electoral College is the only remaining electoral college in democracies where an executive president (a head of state who is also head of go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indirect Election
An indirect election or ''hierarchical voting,'' is an election in which voters do not choose directly among candidates or parties for an office ( direct voting system), but elect people who in turn choose candidates or parties. It is one of the oldest forms of elections and is used by many countries for heads of state (such as presidents), cabinets, heads of government (such as prime ministers), and/or upper houses. It is also used for some supranational legislatures. Positions that are indirectly elected may be chosen by a permanent body (such as a parliament) or by a special body convened solely for that purpose (such as an electoral college). In nearly all cases the body that controls the federal executive branch (such as a cabinet) is elected indirectly. This includes the cabinets of most parliamentary systems; members of the public elect the parliamentarians, who then elect the cabinet. Upper houses, especially in federal republics, are often indirectly elected, either ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denpasar Conference
The Denpasar Conference was held from 724 December 1946 at the Hotel Bali, Denpasar and resulted in the establishment of the State of East Indonesia, part of the United States of Indonesia. It was at this conference that the Dutch government stated its position that control of Western New Guinea would not be handed over at the same time as the rest of the Dutch East Indies. Background The Malino Conference, organized by Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Acting Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies Hubertus van Mook and held from 16–25 July 1946, resulted in an agreement among the delegates from eastern Indonesia, as well as Bangka Island, Bangka and Belitung to work together to establish a federal United States of Indonesia which would comprise three constituent states: the Republic of Indonesia (Java and Sumatra), the State of Borneo, and the 'Great Eastern State' (the Great East or ''Groote Oost'' - which would include Western New Guinea). Due to ongoing instab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
