|
Partidul Național-Agrar
The National Agrarian Party ( or ''Partidul Național-Agrarian'', PNA) was a right-wing agrarian party active in Romania during the early 1930s. Established and led by poet Octavian Goga, it was originally a schism from the more moderate People's Party, espousing agrarianism in combination with national conservatism, monarchism, antisemitism, and Germanophilia; Goga was also positively impressed by fascism, but there is disagreement in the scholarly community as to whether the PNA was itself fascist. Its antisemitic rhetoric was also contrasted by the PNA's acceptance of some Jewish members, including Tudor Vianu and Henric Streitman. The group was generally suspicious of Romania's other ethnic minorities, but in practice accepted members and external collaborators of many ethnic backgrounds, such as the Gagauz Dumitru Topciu and the Romani Gheorghe A. Lăzăreanu-Lăzurică. The PNA existed as a venue for supporting the authoritarian King, Carol II, whose political program it p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Of The National Agrarian Party (Goga)
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name that it represents, as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Douglas Harper's ''Online Etymology Dictionary'' states that the first surviving written record of the term 'logo' dates back to 1937, and that the term was "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antisemitism
Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemitic tendencies may be motivated primarily by negative sentiment towards Jewish peoplehood, Jews as a people or negative sentiment towards Jews with regard to Judaism. In the former case, usually known as racial antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by the belief that Jews constitute a distinct race with inherent traits or characteristics that are repulsive or inferior to the preferred traits or characteristics within that person's society. In the latter case, known as religious antisemitism, a person's hostility is driven by their religion's perception of Jews and Judaism, typically encompassing doctrines of supersession that expect or demand Jews to turn away from Judaism and submit to the religion presenting itself as Judaism's suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smallholding
A smallholding or smallholder is a small farm operating under a small-scale agriculture model. Definitions vary widely for what constitutes a smallholder or small-scale farm, including factors such as size, food production technique or technology, Family farm, involvement of family in labor and economic impact. There are an estimated 500 million smallholder farms in developing countries of the world alone, supporting almost two billion people. Smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming. As a country becomes more affluent, smallholdings may not be self-sufficient. Still, they may be valued for providing supplemental sustenance, recreation, and general rural lifestyle appreciation (often as hobby farms). As the Sustainable food system, sustainable food and local food movements grow in affluent countries, some of these smallholdings are gaining increased economic viability in the developed world as well. Small-sca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carol II Of Romania
Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930, until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. As the eldest son of King Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I, in 1914. He was the first Romanian king to be born in Romania, as both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults. As such, he was the first member of the Hohenzollern family who spoke Romanian as his first language and was also the first to be raised in the Romanian Orthodox faith. Carol's life and reign were surrounded by controversy, such as his desertion from the army during World War I. Another controversy was his marriage to Zizi Lambrino, who was not from a royal lineage. After the dissolution of his first marriage, he met Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece, married her in March 1921, and later that year had a son, Michael. Due to his continued extramarital affair with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Romania
The King of Romania () or King of the Romanians () was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication. History The state had been internationally recognized as a principality since 1862, after the creation of the United Principalities, a personal union between Moldavia and Wallachia, at that time vassal states of the Ottoman Empire. Alexander I became '' domnitor'' (ruling prince) after the official unification of the two formerly separate states, being elected prince of both states in 1859. He was deposed in 1866 by a broad coalition of the main political parties, after which parliament offered the throne to Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen who subsequently became the new "Domnitor of Romania" (as Carol I). Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire was recognized in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In an expression of ful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe A
Gheorghe is a Romanian and Aromanian given name and surname. It is a variant of George, also a name in Romanian but with soft Gs. It may refer to: Given name * Gheorghe Adamescu (1869–1942), Romanian literary historian and bibliographer * Gheorghe Albu (1909–1974), Romanian footballer * Gheorghe Alexandrescu * Gheorghe Andriev (born 1968), Romanian sprint canoeist * Gheorghe Apostol (1913–2010), Romanian politician, deputy Prime Minister of Romania and a former leader of the Communist Party * Gheorghe Apostoleanu (1832–1895), Romanian politician * Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940), Romanian general * Gheorghe Arsenescu (1907–1962), Romanian Army officer * Gheorghe Asachi (1788–1869), Moldavian polymath * Gheorghe Băgulescu (1886–1963), Romanian general * Gheorghe Balș (1868–1934), Romanian engineer, architect and art historian * Gheorghe Bănciulescu (1898–1935), Romanian aviator * Gheorghe Banu (1889–1957), Romanian eugenicist and politician * Gheorghe Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romani People In Romania
Romani people in Romania, locally and pejoratively referred to as the (), constitute the second largest ethnic minority in the country (the first being Hungarians). According to the 2021 census, their number was 569,477 people and 3.4% of the total population. The size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania is even more, with different estimates varying from 4.6 percent to over 10 percent of the population, because many people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma. For example, in 2007 the Council of Europe estimated that approximately 1.85 million Roma lived in Romania, based on an average between the lowest estimate (1.2 to 2.2 million people) and the highest estimate (1.8 to 2.5 million people) available at the time. This figure is equivalent to 8.32% of the population. On the other hand, less than half are native speakers of the Romani language. Origins History, genetics and linguistics all indicate the Roma originate from northern Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dumitru Topciu
Dumitru or Dimitrie Gheorghe Topciu (, , ; September 2, 1888 – 1958) was a Romanian politician and agriculturalist of Bessarabian birth and Gagauz ethnicity. Originally a subject of the Russian Empire, he established his reputation as a lawyer and advocate of peasant welfare, also networking between the Bessarabian Gagauz, Romanians, and Bulgarians. He formed a Bulgarian–Gagauz caucus after the February Revolution, seeking representation inside the Russian Republic, and overall shunning Romanian nationalism. After his mandate in the Provisional Council of the Russian Republic was cut short by the October Revolution, he was sent to ''Sfatul Țării'', which acted as a legislative body of the Moldavian Democratic Republic. Topciu was absent during its March 1918 vote on that polity's union with Romania; by his own testimony, he assisted the Romanian expeditionary force, in his other capacity as the provisional leader of Bender Uyezd. After escaping prosecution for his alleged ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gagauz People
The Gagauz (; ) are a Turkic ethnic group native to southern Moldova ( Gagauzia, Taraclia District, Basarabeasca District) and southwestern Ukraine (Budjak). Gagauz are mostly Eastern Orthodox Christians. The term Gagauz is also often used as a collective naming of Turkic people living in the Balkans, speaking the Gagauz language, a language separated from Balkan Gagauz Turkish. Etymology ''Gagauz'' is the most widely accepted singular and plural form of the name, and some references use ''Gagauzy'' (from Ukrainian) or ''Gagauzi''. Other variations including ''Gagauzes'' and ''Gagauzians'' appear rarely. Before the Russian Revolution they were commonly referred to as "Turkic-speaking old Bulgars". Gagauz agricultural settlers in Uzbekistan called themselves "Eski Bulgarlar" (meaning Old Bulgars) in the 1930s. According to Astrid Menz: Geographical distribution Outside Moldova, a minority of Gagauz people live in the Ukrainian regions of Odesa and Zaporizhzhia. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minorities Of Romania
About 9.3% of Romania's population is represented by minorities (the rest of 77.7% being Romanians), and 13% unknown or undisclosed according to 2021 census. The principal minorities in Romania are Romani people, and Hungarians ( Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș counties), with a declining German population (in Timiș, Sibiu, Brașov, or Suceava) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bukovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Kraków region in contemporary Poland during the 19th century), Serbs, Croats, Slovaks and Banat Bulgarians (in Banat), Ukrainians (in Maramureș and Bukovina), Greeks (Brăila, Constanța), Jews (Wallachia, Bucharest), Turks and Tatars (in Constanța), Armenians, Russians (Lipovans, in Tulcea), Afro-Romanians, and others. To this day, minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, historical regions situated in the north and west of the country which were fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henric Streitman
Henric Ștefan Streitman (first name also Henric Șt., Enric, Henri or Henry, last name also Streitmann, Streittman, Ștraitman; February 16, 1870 – ''circa'' March 30, 1950) was a Romanian journalist, translator and political figure, who traversed the political spectrum from socialism to the far-right. A physicist, social commentator and publisher, in his early years he was a promoter of natural selection ideas as well as a translator of Marxist and naturalist literature. Respected for both his polemical stances and his erudition, he was also rendered controversial by his inconsistencies and his alleged corruption. Often struggling financially, Streitman set up several short-lived periodicals, and involved himself in the cultural and political debates, from 1889 to the time of his death. A Romanian Jew, Streitman left Judaism for political reasons. He returned to it following a death in the family, though he continued to publicize his agnosticism in his essays of the 1930s. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudor Vianu
Tudor Vianu (; January 8, 1898 – May 21, 1964) was a Romanian literary criticism, literary critic, art critic, poet, philosopher, academic, and translation, translator. He had a major role on the reception and development of Modernism in Literature of Romania, Romanian literature and Art of Romania, art. He was married to Elena Vianu, herself a literary criticism, literary critic, and was the father of Ion Vianu, a psychiatrist, writer and essayist. Biography Born in Giurgiu to a Jewish family converted to Romanian Orthodox Church, Christianity ,Papuc he completed his primary education in the city, at the Ion Maiorescu National College, Ion Maiorescu Gymnasium, followed by the Gheorghe Lazăr National College (Bucharest), Gheorghe Lazăr High School in Bucharest. Around 1910, he began writing poetry — which he never published. In 1915, Vianu became a student at the Department of Philosophy and Law at the University of Bucharest. During the period, Vianu began attending A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
