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Parornix Alpicola
''Parornix alpicola'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Alps and Scotland, where it is confined to calcareous coastal hillsides on the north coast, where the only known localities are the Invernaver National Nature Reserve and a spot on the east side of Loch Eriboll. The wingspan is 8–10 mm. There is one generation per year. The larvae feed on ''Dryas octopetala''. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The larvae start by making a lower-surface epidermal corridor. Next, larvae begin to feed on the sponge parenchyma and later also on the palissade parenchyhma. This causes the initial corridor to become destroyed. The final mine is full depth and occupies about half of a leaf. It is located on one side of the midrib and is almost flat. Finally, the larva leaves the mine and spins a new leaf into a pod, that is eaten from the inside. Taxonomy Some authors consider ''Parornix alpicola'' to be a synonym of ''Parornix scoticella ''Parornix scot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke
Maximilian Ferdinand Wocke (27 November 1820, Breslau – 7 November 1906) was a German entomologist, specialising in Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r .... He was an apothecary and physician. Selected works * with Otto Staudinger(1861) ''Catalog der Lepidopteren Europa's und der angrenzenden Länder.'' Dresden (Staudinger & Burdach). XVI + 192 pp. * with Otto Staudinger(1871) ''Catalog der Lepidopteren des Europaeischen Faunengebiets''. Dresden (Burdach). XXXVII + 426 ponline References * Anonym 1906: ocke, M. F.' Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique'' 50 373 * Dittrich 1907: ocke, M. F.''Z. Ent. (N. F.)'' 32(N.F.) 35-46, Portr. * Horn, Walther (H. R.) 1907: ocke, M. F.- Dtsch. ent. Ztschr. 95 229-230 External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Wocke, Maximilian Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gracillariidae
Gracillariidae is an important family of insects in the order Lepidoptera and the principal family of leaf miners that includes several economic, horticultural or recently invasive pest species such as the horse-chestnut leaf miner, ''Cameraria ohridella''. Taxonomy and systematics There are 98 described genera of Gracillariidae (see below). A complete checklist is available of all currently recognised species. There are many undescribed species in the tropics but there is also an online catalogue of Afrotropical described speci the South African fauna is quite well known. Although Japanese and Russian authors have recognised additional subfamilies, there are three currently recognised subfamilies, Phyllocnistinae of which is likely to be basal. In this subfamily, the primitive genus ''Prophyllocnistis'' from Chile feeds on the plant genus ''Drimys'' (Winteraceae), and has leaf mines structurally similar in structure to fossils (see "Fossils"). While there have been some r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alps
The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. The Alpine arch generally extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than . The altitude and size of the range affect the climate in Europe; in the mountains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a border with England to the southeast and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the northeast and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. It also contains more than 790 islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Most of the population, including the capital Edinburgh, is concentrated in the Central Belt—the plain between the Scottish Highlands and the Southern Uplands—in the Scottish Lowlands. Scotland is divided into 32 administrative subdivisions or local authorities, known as council areas. Glasgow City is the largest council area in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invernaver
Invernaver (Gaelic: Inbhir Nabhair) is a small, remote hamlet, situated on the west bank of the River Naver as it flows into Torrisdale Bay, in Sutherland, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills. Generally speaking, upland (or uplands) refers to ranges of hills, typically from up to while highland (or highlands) is .... The village of Bettyhill is situated less than 1 mile northeast from Invernaver across the river. References Populated places in Sutherland {{Highland-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loch Eriboll
__NOTOC__ Loch Eriboll (Scottish Gaelic: "Loch Euraboil") is a long sea loch on the north coast of Scotland, which has been used for centuries as a deep water anchorage as it is safe from the often stormy seas of Cape Wrath and the Pentland Firth. Bronze Age remains can be found in the area, including a souterrain and a very well preserved wheelhouse on the hillside above the west shore. A small scale lime industry developed here in the 19th century and Ard Neakie, a promontory on the eastern shore of the loch, had four large lime kilns developed in around 1870.Ard Neackie, Limekilns, Quarry Canmore. Retrieved 11 April 2021. Before the development of the coast road around the loch in 1890, the Heilam ferry ran from the quay at [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stood at and owned one of the largest wingspans at . Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryas Octopetala
''Dryas octopetala'', the mountain avens, eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ... in the family (biology), family Rosaceae. It is a small Prostrate shrub, prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies. The specific name (botany), specific epithet ''octopetala'' derives from Greek language, Greek ''octo'' 'eight' and ''petalon'' 'petal', referring to the eight petals of the flower, an unusual number in the Rosaceae, where five is the normal number. However, flowers with up to 16 petals also occur naturally. As a floral emblem, it is the official territorial flower of the Northwest Territories and the national flower of Iceland. Description The stems are woody, tortuous, wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths ( Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies ( Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parornix Scoticella
''Parornix scoticella'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from all of Europe. The wingspan is about 10 mm. The head is whitish, mixed with fuscous. Palpi white. Forewings are dark fuscous, towards base irrorated with white: numerous costal strigulae, a spot in disc posteriorly, and two dorsal spots preceded by blackish spots white; a black apical spot, anteriorly white-margined; cilia with three entire dark fuscous lines. Hindwings are grey. The larva is pale yellow-green; dorsal line dark green or red-brown; head pale brown; segment 2 with four black spots. Adults are on wing in May and again in August in two generations in southern parts of the range and in one generation with adults in August in the north. The larvae feed on '' Cotoneaster nebrodensis'', '' Malus sylvestris'', ''Sorbus aria'', ''Sorbus aucuparia'', ''Sorbus chamaemespilus'', ''Sorbus intermedia'' and '' Sorbus torminalis''. They mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
