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Parornix Fagivora
''Parornix fagivora'' is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found from Sweden to the Pyrenees, Italy and Albania and from Great Britain to southern Russia. The wingspan is 11–14 mm. The larvae feed on ''Fagus sylvatica'', including subspecies ''Fagus sylvatica orientalis''. They mine the leaves of their host plant. The mine starts as a small lower-surface epidermal corridor with reddish brown frass Frass refers loosely to the more or less solid excreta of insects, and to certain other related matter. Definition and etymology ''Frass'' is an informal term and accordingly it is variously used and variously defined. It is derived from the G .... Later, it becomes a small rectangular full depth blotch with black frass. The larva deposits only little silk in the mine, that remains practically flat. In the end, the larva leaves the mine and continues living freely under a folded leaf margin or leaf tip. References Parornix Moths of Europe Moths describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Frey
Heinrich Frey (June 15, 1822 – January 17, 1890) was a German-born Swiss entomologist who studied Lepidoptera. He was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and died in Zurich, Switzerland. He is not to be confused with the dipterist Richard Karl Hjalmar Frey. Biography Heinrich Frey attended the gymnasium in Frankfurt am Main until he was 16. Here he met Senator Carl Heinrich Georg von Heyden (1793–1866) who introduced him to entomology. He attended the University in Frankfurt am Main, then travelled to Bonn, Berlin, and Göttingen. When he returned to Frankfurt am Main in 1839 von Heyden showed him Philipp Christoph Zeller's ''Attempt at a Classification of the Tineinae'' which had just appeared in Oken's ''Isis''. Until this publication, this group of moths had been hopelessly confused and Frey was impressed by Zeller's orderly arrangement. Returning to Göttingen in 1847 he first became a private tutor, then an “extraordinary” professor at the University. (An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parornix Fagivora BE-MK-14209a
''Parornix'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Species *'' Parornix acuta'' Triberti, 1980 *''Parornix alni'' Kumata, 1965 *''Parornix alpicola'' (Wocke, 1877) *''Parornix alta'' (Braun, 1925) *'' Parornix altaica'' Noreika & Bidzilya, 2006 *'' Parornix ampliatella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anglicella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anguliferella'' (Zeller, 1847) *'' Parornix arbitrella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix arbutifoliella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix asiatica'' Noreika, 1991 *'' Parornix atripalpella'' Wahlström, 1979 *''Parornix betulae'' (Stainton, 1854) *'' Parornix bifurca'' Triberti, 1998 *''Parornix boreasella'' (Clemens, 1864) *'' Parornix carpinella'' (Frey, 1863) *'' Parornix compressa'' Triberti, 1990 *''Parornix compsumpta'' Triberti, 1987 *'' Parornix concussa'' (Meyrick, 1933) *'' Parornix conspicuella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix cotoneasterella'' Kuznetzov, 1978 *'' Parornix crataegifoliella'' (Clemens, 1860) *''Parornix devoniella'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parornix
''Parornix'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Species *''Parornix acuta'' Triberti, 1980 *''Parornix alni'' Kumata, 1965 *''Parornix alpicola'' (Wocke, 1877) *''Parornix alta'' (Braun, 1925) *'' Parornix altaica'' Noreika & Bidzilya, 2006 *''Parornix ampliatella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anglicella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anguliferella'' (Zeller, 1847) *'' Parornix arbitrella'' (Dietz, 1907) *''Parornix arbutifoliella'' (Dietz, 1907) *''Parornix asiatica'' Noreika, 1991 *'' Parornix atripalpella'' Wahlström, 1979 *''Parornix betulae'' (Stainton, 1854) *''Parornix bifurca'' Triberti, 1998 *''Parornix boreasella'' (Clemens, 1864) *''Parornix carpinella'' (Frey, 1863) *''Parornix compressa'' Triberti, 1990 *''Parornix compsumpta'' Triberti, 1987 *''Parornix concussa'' (Meyrick, 1933) *''Parornix conspicuella'' (Dietz, 1907) *''Parornix cotoneasterella'' Kuznetzov, 1978 *''Parornix crataegifoliella'' (Clemens, 1860) *'' Parornix devoniella'' (Stainton, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frass
Frass refers loosely to the more or less solid excreta of insects, and to certain other related matter. Definition and etymology ''Frass'' is an informal term and accordingly it is variously used and variously defined. It is derived from the German word ''Fraß'', which means the food takeup of an animal.M. Clark and O. Thyen. The Oxford-Duden German Dictionary. Publisher: Oxford University Press 1999. The English usage applies to excreted residues of anything that insects had eaten, and similarly, to other chewed or mined refuse that insects leave behind. It does not generally refer to fluids such as honeydew, but the point does not generally arise, and is largely ignored in this article. Such usage in English originated in the mid-nineteenth century at the latest. Modern technical English sources differ on the precise definition, though there is little actual direct contradiction on the practical realities. One glossary from the early twentieth century speaks of "...excreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf Miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths ( Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), and flies ( Diptera). Some beetles also exhibit this behavior. Like woodboring beetles, leaf miners are protected from many predators and plant defenses by feeding within the tissues of the leaves, selectively eating only the layers that have the least amount of cellulose. When attacking ''Quercus robur'' (English oak), they also selectively feed on tissues containing lower levels of tannin, a deterrent chemical produced in great abundance by the tree. The pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined is often diagnostic of the insect responsible, sometimes even to species level. The mine often contains frass, or droppings, and the pattern of frass deposition, mine shape, and host plant identity are useful to de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagus Sylvatica
''Fagus sylvatica'', the European beech or common beech is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae. Description ''Fagus sylvatica'' is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to tall and trunk diameter, though more typically tall and up to trunk diameter. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about tall. It has a typical lifespan of 150–200 years, though sometimes up to 300 years. In cultivated forest stands trees are normally harvested at 80–120 years of age. 30 years are needed to attain full maturity (as compared to 40 for American beech). Like most trees, its form depends on the location: in forest areas, ''F. sylvatica'' grows to over , with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically ) and more massive. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, long and 3–7 cm broad, with 6–7 veins on each side of the leaf (as opposed to 7–10 veins in ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larva
A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (''e.g.'' caterpillars and butterflies) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different. Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as tadpoles live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult frogs. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population. Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like polychaetes and barnacles, adults are im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird. The term wingspan, more technically extent, is also used for other winged animals such as pterosaurs, bats, insects, etc., and other aircraft such as ornithopters. In humans, the term wingspan also refers to the arm span, which is distance between the length from one end of an individual's arms (measured at the fingertips) to the other when raised parallel to the ground at shoulder height at a 90º angle. Former professional basketball player Manute Bol stood at and owned one of the largest wingspans at . Wingspan of aircraft The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep. Implications for aircraft design an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parornix Fagivora Larva
''Parornix'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Species *'' Parornix acuta'' Triberti, 1980 *''Parornix alni'' Kumata, 1965 *''Parornix alpicola'' (Wocke, 1877) *''Parornix alta'' (Braun, 1925) *'' Parornix altaica'' Noreika & Bidzilya, 2006 *'' Parornix ampliatella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anglicella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anguliferella'' (Zeller, 1847) *'' Parornix arbitrella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix arbutifoliella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix asiatica'' Noreika, 1991 *'' Parornix atripalpella'' Wahlström, 1979 *''Parornix betulae'' (Stainton, 1854) *'' Parornix bifurca'' Triberti, 1998 *''Parornix boreasella'' (Clemens, 1864) *'' Parornix carpinella'' (Frey, 1863) *'' Parornix compressa'' Triberti, 1990 *''Parornix compsumpta'' Triberti, 1987 *'' Parornix concussa'' (Meyrick, 1933) *'' Parornix conspicuella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix cotoneasterella'' Kuznetzov, 1978 *'' Parornix crataegifoliella'' (Clemens, 1860) *''Parornix devoniella'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parornix Fagivora A Piece Of Beech Leaf With Its Edge Turned Down By The Adult Larva
''Parornix'' is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae. Species *'' Parornix acuta'' Triberti, 1980 *''Parornix alni'' Kumata, 1965 *''Parornix alpicola'' (Wocke, 1877) *''Parornix alta'' (Braun, 1925) *'' Parornix altaica'' Noreika & Bidzilya, 2006 *'' Parornix ampliatella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anglicella'' (Stainton, 1850) *''Parornix anguliferella'' (Zeller, 1847) *'' Parornix arbitrella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix arbutifoliella'' (Dietz, 1907) *'' Parornix asiatica'' Noreika, 1991 *'' Parornix atripalpella'' Wahlström, 1979 *''Parornix betulae'' (Stainton, 1854) *'' Parornix bifurca'' Triberti, 1998 *''Parornix boreasella'' (Clemens, 1864) *'' Parornix carpinella'' (Frey, 1863) *'' Parornix compressa'' Triberti, 1990 *''Parornix compsumpta'' Triberti, 1987 *''Parornix concussa'' (Meyrick, 1933) *''Parornix conspicuella'' (Dietz, 1907) *''Parornix cotoneasterella'' Kuznetzov, 1978 *''Parornix crataegifoliella'' (Clemens, 1860) *''Parornix devoniella'' (St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moth
Moths are a paraphyletic group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies, with moths making up the vast majority of the order. There are thought to be approximately 160,000 species of moth, many of which have yet to be described. Most species of moth are nocturnal, but there are also crepuscular and diurnal species. Differences between butterflies and moths While the butterflies form a monophyletic group, the moths, comprising the rest of the Lepidoptera, do not. Many attempts have been made to group the superfamilies of the Lepidoptera into natural groups, most of which fail because one of the two groups is not monophyletic: Microlepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera, Heterocera and Rhopalocera, Jugatae and Frenatae, Monotrysia and Ditrysia.Scoble, MJ 1995. The Lepidoptera: Form, function and diversity. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 404 p. Although the rules for distinguishing moths from butterflies are not well est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than any other country but China. It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow, the largest city entirely within Europe. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. Kievan Rus' arose as a state in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
