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Paris Principles (cataloging)
The Paris Principles (PP), also known as the Statement of Principles, defined the theoretical foundation for the creation of bibliographical cataloging rules for libraries. They were specified and agreed upon in October 1961 at the ''Conference on Cataloguing Principles'' (CCP) of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) in Paris. The six-page script stipulated which function and structure library catalogs should have in the future. It was the first international agreement – delegations from 65 countries were involved – on fundamental questions of cataloging, which formed an important basis for the development of regulations such as the German (RAK). For example, determining the function of a library catalog is influential up to now. By using the catalog, the user should be able to determine whether a respective library holds a certain book of which is known: * the author and the title, or * only the title (if the author is not mentioned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Federation Of Library Associations And Institutions
The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is an international body representing the interests of people who rely on Library, libraries and information professionals. A non-governmental, not-for-profit organization, IFLA was founded in Scotland in 1927 with headquarters at the National Library of the Netherlands in The Hague. IFLA sponsors the annual IFLA World Library and Information Congress, promoting Freedom of information, access to information, ideas, and works of imagination for social, educational, cultural, democratic, and economic empowerment. IFLA also produces several publications, including ''IFLA Journal''. IFLA partners with UNESCO, resulting in several jointly produced manifestos. IFLA is also a founding member of Blue Shield International, Blue Shield, which works to protect the world's cultural heritage when threatened by wars and natural disaster. History IFLA was founded in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 30 September 1927, when lib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the List of cities proper by population density, 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, Fashion capital, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the French art, arts and Science and technology in France, sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Library Catalog
A library catalog (or library catalogue in British English) is a register of all bibliography, bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries, such as a network of libraries at several locations. A catalog for a group of libraries is also called a union catalog. A bibliographic item can be any information entity (e.g., books, computer files, graphics, realia (library science), realia, cartographic materials, etc.) that is considered library material (e.g., a single novel in an anthology), or a group of library materials (e.g., a trilogy), or linked from the catalog (e.g., a webpage) as far as it is relevant to the catalog and to the users (patrons) of the library. The earliest library catalogs were lists, handwritten or enscribed on clay tablets and later scrolls of parchment or paper. As codex, codices (books with pages) replaced scrolls, so too did library catalogs become like handwritten ledgers and, in some cases, printed books. During the late 18th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regeln Für Die Alphabetische Katalogisierung
The or RAK (also known as ', translating as: Rules for alphabetical cataloging) are a bibliographic cataloging set of rules. The RAK rules appeared for the first time in 1976 and became the dominant set of rules in Germany and Austria in the 1980s. The theoretical model on which the RAK rules were based on are the " Paris Principles" (PP), drawn up in 1961 at a conference of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). The International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), which has existed since 1971, formed the further basis for the RAK. Like their counterpart from the English-speaking world, the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR), the RAK rules are very complex and, despite their suitability for creating electronic library catalogs, they are still strongly oriented towards card catalogs. Forms of headings in the original language of the medium to be cataloged and a priority of purely formal decision-making criteria, for example when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Cataloguing Principles
The (Statement of) International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) define(s) the foundation for the creation of bibliographical cataloging rules for libraries. The ICPs are an initiative of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) to modernize and replace the old Paris Principles (cataloging), Paris Principles (PP). The ICPs were drawn up at conferences, the ''IFLA Meetings of Experts on an International Cataloguing Code'' (IME-ICC), on four different continents: in Frankfurt am Main (2003), Buenos Aires (2004), Cairo (2005), Seoul (2006) and Pretoria (2007). First published in 2009, they were revised again in 2014 and 2015. A new ICP edition was published in 2016. The ICPs are intended as a global guideline for the development of cataloging regulations. They aim to achieve uniformity in both formal and subject indexing and have been created for all types of media (not just books). The ICPs build on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breslauer Instructionen
Breslauer is a German- and Yiddish-language surname literally meaning "person from Breslau", a former name for Wrocław, Poland. Notable people with the surname include: * Alfred Breslauer (1866–1954), German architect of Jewish origin * Bernard H. Breslauer (1918–2004), German antiquarian book dealer and collector * Chrystian Breslauer (1802–1882), Polish painter and art pedagogue * George W. Breslauer (born 1946), American political scientist * Hans Karl Breslauer (1888–1965), Austrian film director and screenwriter * Kenneth Breslauer, American biochemist * Marianne Breslauer (1909–2001), German photographer * Mendel Breslauer (1760–1829), Silesian writer * Rudolf Breslauer (1903–1945), German photographer of Jewish descent See also * {{surname German-language surnames German toponymic surnames Surnames of Jewish origin Jewish toponymic surnames Yiddish-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Preußische Instruktionen
The so-called or PI (English: Prussian instructions) are a cataloging set of rules for libraries which was used in scientific libraries in German-speaking countries and beyond. First published in 1899, the PI were replaced by other sets of rules such as the (RAK) from the 1980s onwards, which in turn have been replaced by the Resource Description and Access (RDA) rules since 2015. History Already in 1874 (hectographed edition) and 1886 (printed edition), Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko of the University Library at Breslau had presented a set of cataloging rules under the title "", also known as "" (English: Breslau instructions). In there, the order of the titles was defined, but not the bibliographic recording. In 1890, the in Berlin created "instructions" that regulated the admission but not the order of entries. In 1899, a compromise arose from these two sets of instructions, resulting in the first uniform set of rules, the "" (PI). They were first published on 10 May 1899 unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berliner Anweisungen
The or BA (English: Berlin instructions), short for (English: Instructions for the alphabetical catalog of the public libraries) were a set of bibliographical cataloging rules for public libraries in Germany. They were developed from 1938 to 1942, built on the much more complicated (PI) (English: Prussian instructions) created for scientific libraries in 1899 and expanded by DIN 1505 in 1932. Since 1976/1977, public libraries in Germany-speaking countries work with the ( RAK-ÖB) set of rules, which were based on the Paris Principles (PP) introduced in 1961 and the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD) as of 1971. RAK in turn is in the process of being superseded by the adoption of Resource Description and Access (RDA) since 2015. See also * Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR) * * Library catalog A library catalog (or library catalogue in British English) is a register of all bibliography, bibliographic items found in a library or group o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Online Public Access Catalogue
The online public access catalog (OPAC), now frequently synonymous with ''library catalog'', is an online database of materials held by a library or group of libraries. Online catalogs have largely replaced the analog card catalogs previously used in libraries. History Early online Although a handful of experimental systems existed as early as the 1960s, the first large-scale online catalogs were developed at Ohio State University in 1975 and the Dallas Public Library in 1978. These and other early online catalog systems tended to closely reflect the card catalogs that they were intended to replace. Using a dedicated terminal or telnet client, users could search a handful of pre-coordinate indexes and browse the resulting display in much the same way they had previously navigated the card catalog. Throughout the 1980s, the number and sophistication of online catalogs grew. The first commercial systems appeared, and would by the end of the decade largely replace systems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seymour Lubetzky
Seymour Lubetzky (April 28, 1898 – April 5, 2003, born Shmaryahu Lubetzky) was a major cataloging theorist and a prominent librarian. Biography Born in the Russian Empire in what is now modern-day Belarus, Lubetzky worked as a teacher before he immigrated to the United States in 1927. He earned his BA from UCLA in 1931, and his MA from UC Berkeley in 1932. Lubetzky also taught at the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, then the School of Library Service. He eventually began working at the Library of Congress where he was employed for years. He was fluent in six languages, a fact that made him valuable both as a cataloger and a speaker at library conferences. Influence on Cataloging Lubetzky published three books that influenced the discipline of cataloging, and that are still influential in area of information technology. Librarianship in particular and information science in general had not been revolutionized as much since the likes of Antonio Panizz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cataloging & Classification Quarterly
''Cataloging & Classification Quarterly'' is a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal that publishes articles about library cataloging, classification, metadata, indexing, information retrieval, information management, and other topics related to library cataloging. Despite its name, the journal is published eight times a year, but occasionally some issues are combined. Thematic issues are interspersed with general issues. History Cataloging & Classification Quarterly (CCQ) began publishing in 1980. Previous editors have included C. Donald Cook (founding editor; volumes 1–2, 1980–1982), George E. Gibbs (volumes 3–5, 1983–1985), and Ruth C. Carter (volumes 6-41, 1985–2006). The editor-in-chief since volume 42 has been Sandra K. Roe. The journal was published by Haworth Press until 2007 when the company was acquired by Taylor and Francis Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in the United Kingdom that publishes books and academic journals. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garland Publishing
Garland Science was a publishing group that specialized in developing textbook A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, but also of learners ( ...s in a wide range of life sciences subjects, including cell biology, cell and molecular biology, immunology, protein chemistry, genetics, and bioinformatics. It was a subsidiary of the Taylor & Francis Group. History The firm was founded as Garland Publishing in 1969 by Gavin Borden (1939–1991). Initially it published "18th-century literary criticism".Michael F. Suarez, S.J."Garland Publishing" in: ''The Oxford Companion to the Book'', Oxford University Press, 2010 (online edition). Retrieved 8 July 2022. By the late 1970s it was mainly publishing academic reference books along with facsimile and reprint editions for niche markets. Notable book series ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
