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Parent Hydride
In chemistry, a parent hydride in IUPAC nomenclature refers to a main group compound with the formula , where A is a main group element. The names of parent hydrides end with ''-ane'', analogous with the Alkane#Nomenclature, nomenclature for alkanes. Derivative (chemistry), Derivatives of parent hydrides are named by appending prefixes or suffixes to the name of the parent hydride to indicate the substituents that replace the hydrogen atoms. Parent hydrides are used in both the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, organic nomenclature, and IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, inorganic nomenclature systems. (Red Book) Par. IR-6 ''Parent Hydride Names and Substitutive Nomenclature'' - Full text PDF [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during chemical reaction, reactions with other chemical substance, substances. Chemistry also addresses the nature of chemical bonds in chemical compounds. In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both Basic research, basic and Applied science, applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level. For example, chemistry explains aspects of plant growth (botany), the formation of igneous rocks (geology), how atmospheric ozone is formed and how environmental pollutants are degraded (ecology), the prop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plumbane
Plumbane is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula PbH. It is a colorless gas. It is a metal hydride and group 14 hydride composed of lead and hydrogen. Plumbane is not well characterized or well known, and it is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the loss of a hydrogen atom. Derivatives of plumbane include lead tetrachloride, PbCl, and tetraethyllead, (CHCH)Pb. History Until recently, it was uncertain whether plumbane had ever actually been synthesized, although the first reports date back to the 1920s and in 1963, Saalfeld and Svec reported the observation of by mass spectrometry. Plumbane has repeatedly been the subject of Dirac– Hartree–Fock relativistic calculation studies, which investigate the stabilities, geometries, and relative energies of hydrides of the formula MH or MH. Properties Plumbane is an unstable colorless gas and is the heaviest group IV hydride; and has a tetrahedral (T) structure with an equilibrium distance between lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thallane
Thallane (systematically named trihydridothallium) is an inorganic compound with the empirical chemical formula . It has not yet been obtained in bulk, hence its bulk properties remain unknown. However, molecular thallane has been isolated in solid gas matrices. Thallane is mainly produced for academic purposes. is the simplest thallane. Thallium Thallium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Tl and atomic number 81. It is a silvery-white post-transition metal that is not found free in nature. When isolated, thallium resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Che ... is the heaviest stable member of the group 13 metals; the stability of group 13 hydrides decreases with increasing periodic number. This is commonly attributed to poor overlap of the metal valence orbitals with that of the 1s orbital of hydrogen. Despite encouraging early reports, it is unlikely that a thallane species has been isolated. Thallanes have been observed only in matrix isola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodane
Unlike its lighter congeners, the halogen iodine forms a number of stable organic compounds, in which iodine exhibits higher formal oxidation states than −1 or coordination number exceeding 1. These are the hypervalent organoiodines, often called iodanes after the IUPAC rule used to name them. These iodine compounds are hypervalent because the iodine atom formally contains in its valence shell more than the 8 electrons required for the octet rule. Hypervalent iodine oxyanions are known for oxidation states +1, +3, +5, and +7; organic analogues of these moieties are known for each oxidation state except +7. In terms of chemical behavior, λ3 and λ5iodanes are generally oxidizing and/or electrophilic species. They have been widely applied towards those ends in organic synthesis. Nomenclature Several different naming conventions are in use for the hypervalent organoiodines. All begin with nonstandard formal charge assignments. In iodane chemistry, carbon is consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tellane
Hydrogen telluride is the inorganic compound with the formula H2 Te. A hydrogen chalcogenide and the simplest hydride of tellurium, it is a colorless gas. Although unstable in ambient air, the gas can exist long enough to be readily detected by the odour of rotting garlic at extremely low concentrations; or by the revolting odour of rotting leeks at somewhat higher concentrations. Most compounds with Te–H bonds (tellurols) are unstable with respect to loss of H2. H2Te is chemically and structurally similar to hydrogen selenide, both are acidic. The H–Te–H angle is about 90°. Volatile tellurium compounds often have unpleasant odours, reminiscent of decayed leeks or garlic.Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd Edn.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. . Synthesis Electrolytic methods have been developed.F. Fehér, "Hydrogen Telluride" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. pp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stibane
Stibine (IUPAC name: stibane) is a chemical compound with the formula Sb H3. A pnictogen hydride, this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal covalent hydride of antimony, and a heavy analogue of ammonia. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 pm (1.707 Å). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of arsine, i.e. garlic-like. Preparation SbH3 is generally prepared by the reaction of Sb3+ sources with H− equivalents: :2 Sb2O3 + 3 LiAlH4 → 4 SbH3 + 1.5 Li2O + 1.5 Al2O3 :4 SbCl3 + 3 NaBH4 → 4 SbH3 + 3 NaCl + 3 BCl3 Alternatively, sources of Sb3− react with protonic reagents (even water) to also produce this unstable gas: :Na3Sb + 3 H2O → SbH3 + 3 NaOH Properties The chemical properties of SbH3 resemble those for AsH3. Typical for a heavy hydride (e.g. AsH3, H2Te, SnH4), SbH3 is unstable with respect to its elements. The gas decomposes slowly at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stannane
Stannane or tin hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sn H4. It is a colourless gas and the tin analogue of methane. Stannane can be prepared by the reaction of and . : Stannane decomposes slowly at room temperature to give metallic tin and hydrogen and ignites on contact with air. Variants of stannane can be found as a highly toxic, gaseous, inorganic metal hydrides and group 14 hydrides. See also * Organotin Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discove ... References {{Hydrides by group Tin(IV) compounds Metal hydrides Reducing agents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigane
Indium trihydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (). It has been observed in matrix isolation and laser ablation experiments. Gas phase stability has been predicted. The infrared spectrum was obtained in the gas phase by laser ablation of indium in presence of hydrogen gas is of no practical importance. Chemical properties Solid is a three-dimensional network polymeric structure, where In atoms are connected by In-H-In bridging bonds, is suggested to account for the growth of broad infrared bands when samples of and produced on a solid hydrogen matrix are warmed. Such a structure is known for solid . When heated above , indium trihydride decomposes to produce indium–hydrogen alloy and elemental hydrogen Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germane
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride. Occurrence Germane has been detected in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Synthesis Germane is typically prepared by reduction of germanium oxides, notably germanates, with hydride reagents such as sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, lithium borohydride, lithium aluminium hydride, sodium aluminium hydride. The reaction with borohydrides is catalyzed by various acids and can be carried out in either aqueous or organic solvent. On laboratory scale, germane can be prepared by the reaction of Ge(IV) compounds with these hydride reagents. A typical synthesis involved the reaction of sodium germanate with potassium borohydride. :NaHGeO3 + KBH4 + H2O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallane
Gallane, also systematically named trihydridogallium, is an inorganic compound of gallium with the chemical formula (also written as ). It is a photosensitive, colourless gas that cannot be concentrated in pure form. Gallane is both the simplest member of the gallanes, and the prototype of the monogallanes. It has no economic uses, and is only intentionally produced for academic reasons. It has been detected as a transient species in the gas phase;The Chemistry of Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium, Anthony John Downs, 1993, , also at low temperature (3.5 K) following the reaction of laser ablated gallium atoms and dihydrogen, and more recently in an argon matrix doped with vapour over solid digallane, Ga2H6. Structure of monomeric GaH3 IR spectroscopic studies indicate that monomeric GaH3 has a trigonal planar structure. Theoretical Ga-H bond lengths have been calculated as being in the range 155.7 pm to 158.7 pm. Monomeric GaH3 dimerises in the vapor phase to form Ga2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorane
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry. Hydrochloric acid, the aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, is also commonly given the formula HCl. Reactions Hydrogen chloride is a diatomic molecule, consisting of a hydrogen atom H and a chlorine atom Cl connected by a polar covalent bond. The chlorine atom is much more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, which makes this bond polar. Consequently, the molecule has a large dipole moment with a negative partial charge (δ−) at the chlorine atom and a positive partial charge (δ+) at the hydrogen atom. In part because of its high polarity, HCl is very soluble in water (and in other polar solvents). Upon contact, and HCl combine to form hydronium cations and ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
