|
Parasutterella
''Parasutterella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, circular/rod-shaped, obligate anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria from the Pseudomonadota phylum, Betaproteobacteria class and the family Sutterellaceae. Previously, this genus was considered "unculturable," meaning that it could not be characterized through conventional laboratory techniques, such as grow in culture due its unique requirements of anaerobic environment. The genus was initially discovered through 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis (a methodology to analyze the microbiome). By analyzing the sequence similarity, ''Parasutterella'' was determined to be related most closely to the genus '' Sutterella'' and previously classified in the family Alcaligenaceae. In 2009, '' Parasutterella excrementihominis'' was cultured and characterized. In 2011, another species of ''Parasutterella'', '' Parasutterella secunda'', was discovered, and both ''Parasutterella'' and ''Sutterella'' species were reclassified under th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasutterella Secunda
''Parasutterella secunda'' is a Gram-negative, nonsaccharolytic, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus'' Parasutterella'' in the family Sutterellaceae The Sutterellaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria. Cells of Sutterellaceae are Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and grow under microaerophilic or anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the abse ..., isolated from human faeces. Colonies of ''Parasutterella secunda'' are translucent to beige colored. References External linksType strain of ''Parasutterella secunda'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Burkholderiales Bacteria described in 2011 {{betaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parasutterella Excrementihominis
''Parasutterella excrementihominis'' is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium of the genus ''Parasutterella'' in the family Sutterellaceae The Sutterellaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria. Cells of Sutterellaceae are Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and grow under microaerophilic or anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the abse ..., isolated from human faeces. References External links Type strain of ''Parasutterella excrementihominis'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutterella
''Sutterella'' is a genus of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, Betaproteobacteria whose species have been isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract as well as canine feces. The genus of the family Sutterellaceae currently encompasses 4 distinct species, though at least 5 additional species have been proposed that do not yet meet International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) standards for classification. ''Sutterella'' are frequently referred to as commensal in the context of human hosts, but are associated with inflammation, which has implications for a number of diseases. Characteristics ''Sutterella'' cells are 0.5 to 1 μm wide and 1 to 3 μm long. They exhibit bile resistance, are nitrate reducers, do not hydrolyze urea, and do not possess the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme. They are only able to be cultured in microaerophilic and anaerobic environments. The ''Sutterella'' genome encodes the sulfite reductase MccA. Human health Imbalances in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sutterellaceae
The Sutterellaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria. Cells of Sutterellaceae are Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-negative, and grow under microaerophilic or anaerobic Anaerobic means "living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen", as opposed to aerobic which means "living, active, or occurring only in the presence of oxygen." Anaerobic may also refer to: *Adhesive#Anaerobic, Anaerobic ad ... atmospheres. References Burkholderiales {{betaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as '' Escherichia'', '' Salmonella'', '' Vibrio'', '' Yersinia'', '' Legionella'', and many others.Slonczewski JL, Foster JW, Foster E. Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Ed. WW Norton & Company; 2020. Others are free-living (non parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was later informally named Proteobacteria, after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes (not after the Proteobacteria genus ''Proteus''). In 2021 the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betaproteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria are a class of Gram-negative bacteria, and one of the eight classes of the phylum Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria). The ''Betaproteobacteria'' are a class comprising over 75 genera and 400 species of bacteria. Together, the ''Betaproteobacteria'' represent a broad variety of metabolic strategies and occupy diverse environments from obligate pathogens living within host organisms to oligotrophic groundwater ecosystems. Whilst most members of the ''Betaproteobacteria'' are heterotrophic, deriving both their carbon and electrons from organocarbon sources, some are photoheterotrophic, deriving energy from light and carbon from organocarbon sources. Other genera are autotrophic, deriving their carbon from bicarbonate or carbon dioxide and their electrons from reduced inorganic ions such as nitrite, ammonium, thiosulfate or sulfide — many of these chemolithoautotrophic. ''Betaproteobacteria'' are economically important, with roles in maintaining soil pH a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burkholderiales
The Burkholderiales are an order of Pseudomonadota.George M. Garrity: ''Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology''. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Vol. 2: ''The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria'' Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. They include several pathogenic bacteria, including species of ''Burkholderia'', '' Bordetella'', and ''Ralstonia''. They also include ''Oxalobacter'' and related genera, which are unusual in using oxalic acid as their source of carbon. Other well-studied genera include '' Alcaligenes'', ''Cupriavidus'', '' Achromobacter'', '' Comamonas'', ''Delftia'', '' Massilia'', ''Duganella'', ''Janthinobacterium'', '' Polynucleobacter'' (important freshwater bacterioplankton), non-pathogenic '' Paraburkholderia'', '' Caballeronia'', '' Polaromonas'', '' Thiomonas'', '' Collimonas'', '' Hydrogenophaga'', '' Sphaerotilus'', ''Variovorax'', ''Acidovorax'', '' Rubrivivax'' and '' Rhodoferax'' (both membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alcaligenaceae
The Alcaligenaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. Members are found in water, soil, humans, and other animals.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). ''Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria'', Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York: Springer. pp. 354–361. . Some species, like ''Bordetella ''Bordetella'' () is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ''Bordetella'' species, with the exception of '' B. petrii'', are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult ...'', are pathogenic for humans and for some other animals. References Burkholderiales {{betaproteobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gut Microbiome
Gut microbiota, gut microbiome, or gut flora, are the microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses that live in the digestive tracts of animals. The gastrointestinal metagenome is the aggregate of all the genomes of the gut microbiota. The gut is the main location of the human microbiome. The gut microbiota has broad impacts, including effects on colonization, resistance to pathogens, maintaining the intestinal epithelium, metabolizing dietary and pharmaceutical compounds, controlling immune function, and even behavior through the gut–brain axis. The microbial composition of the gut microbiota varies across regions of the digestive tract. The colon contains the highest microbial density recorded in any habitat on Earth, representing between 300 and 1000 different species. Bacteria are the largest and to date, best studied component and 99% of gut bacteria come from about 30 or 40 species. Up to 60% of the dry mass of feces is bacteria. Over 99% of the ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intestinal Microbiome
Microbiota are the range of microorganisms that may be commensal, symbiotic, or pathogenic found in and on all multicellular organisms, including plants. Microbiota include bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses, and have been found to be crucial for immunologic, hormonal, and metabolic homeostasis of their host. The term ''microbiome'' describes either the collective genomes of the microbes that reside in an ecological niche or within the microbes themselves. The microbiome and host emerged during evolution as a synergistic unit from epigenetics and genetic characteristics, sometimes collectively referred to as a holobiont. The presence of microbiota in human and other metazoan guts has been critical for understanding the co-evolution between metazoans and bacteria. Microbiota play key roles in the intestinal immune and metabolic responses via their fermentation product ( short-chain fatty acid), acetate. Introduction All plants and animals, from simple life f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
