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Parasitic Ants
A parasitic ant is a type of ant that exploits the social structure of another ant species to aid in its own survival and reproduction. The most common types of Parasitism, parasitic ants infiltrate a Colony (biology), colony of a closely related species by using pheromones identical to those of the colony's workers to avoid conflict and blend in. The parasite then lays eggs alongside existing ones for the Host (biology), host colony's Ant, workers to raise and nurture as their own. The earliest parasitic ants most likely evolved 16 million years ago as temporary social parasites. Parasites usually induce harmful effects on the target colony and can inhibit the colony's growth and development. Depending on the severity and quantity of parasites, the colony can experience extreme damage, sometimes to the point of colony collapse. Parasites evolve their anatomy to reflect that of their targeted species, which causes some to remain undetected inside a colony for the majority of their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lasius Umbratus (Formicidae), Kampina, The Netherlands
''Lasius umbratus'', common name, colloquially known as the yellow shadow ant and yellow lawn ant, is a Palearctic species of parasitic ant distributed across Eurasia and the Maghreb, Maghreb region of Africa. It was once thought that this species occurred in North America as well, but comparative genomic studies indicate the Afro-Eurasian and American populations are discrete and not closely related enough to represent a single species. The North American populations are now treated as a different species, ''Lasius aphidicola''. The Queen ant, queens of this species seek out a Black garden ant, ''Lasius niger'' worker ant to first kill in order to gain the worker ant's Pheromones, scent and then to discreetly sneak inside a ''L. niger'' nest. Once inside the ''L. umbratus'' queen finds the ''L. niger'' queen, and kills her. The worker ants will care for the new queen's larvae and slowly the colony will be made up of only ''L. umbratus'' individuals. Ant species like ''Lasius fuli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongue
The tongue is a Muscle, muscular organ (anatomy), organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for chewing and swallowing as part of the digestive system, digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surface (dorsum) is covered by taste buds housed in numerous lingual papillae. It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva and is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. The tongue also serves as a natural means of cleaning the teeth. A major function of the tongue is to enable speech in humans and animal communication, vocalization in other animals. The human tongue is divided into two parts, an oral cavity, oral part at the front and a pharynx, pharyngeal part at the back. The left and right sides are also separated along most of its length by a vertical section of connective tissue, fibrous tissue (the lingual septum) that results in a groove, the median sulcus, on the tongue's surface. There are two groups of glossal muscles. The f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Academy Of Sciences
The California Academy of Sciences is a research institute and natural history museum in San Francisco, San Francisco, California, that is among the largest List of natural history museums, museums of natural history in the world, housing over 46 million specimens. The academy began in 1853 as a learned society and still carries out a large amount of original research. The institution is located in Golden Gate Park on the West Side (San Francisco), West Side of San Francisco. Completely rebuilt in 2008, the academy's primary building in Golden Gate Park covers . In early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the California Academy of Sciences had around 500 employees and an annual revenue of about $33 million. Governance The California Academy of Sciences, California's oldest operating museum and research institution for the natural sciences, is governed by a 41-member board of trustees who are nominated and chosen by the California Academy of Sciences Fellows. The Academy Fello ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offspring
In biology, offspring are the young creation of living organisms, produced either by sexual reproduction, sexual or asexual reproduction. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chick (young bird), chicks hatched from one clutch (eggs), clutch of eggs, or to all offspring produced over time, as with the brood (honeybee), honeybee. Offspring can occur after mating, artificial insemination, or as a result of cloning. Human offspring (lineal descendant, descendants) are referred to as children; male children are sons and female children are daughters (see Kinship). Overview Offspring contains many parts and properties that are precise and accurate in what they consist of, and what they define. As the offspring of a new species, also known as a child or f1 generation, consist of genes of the father and the mother, which is also known as the parent generation. Each of these offspring contains numerous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slave-making Ant
Slave-making ants or slaver ants are brood parasites that capture Offspring, broods of other ant species to increase the worker force of their ant colony, colony. After emerging in the slave-maker nest, slave workers work as if they were in their own colony, while parasite workers only concentrate on replenishing the labor force from neighboring Host (biology), host nests, a process called slave raiding. The slave-making ants are specialized to Parasitism, parasitize a single species or a group of related species, and they are often close relatives to their hosts, which is typical for social parasites. The slave-makers may either be Obligate parasite, permanent social parasites (thus depending on enslaved ants throughout their whole lives) or Facultative parasite, facultative slave-makers. The behavior is unusual among ants but has evolved several times convergent evolution, independently. Terminology Among animals, theft of Offspring, brood for the purpose of employing the stolen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyergus Lucidus With Host Formica Archboldi
''Polyergus'' is a small genus of ants with 14 described species. They are also referred to by the names "slave-raiding ants" and "Amazon ants". They are characterized by their habit of raiding nests (of ''Formica'') for workers. Reproduction ''Polyergus'' workers are incapable of caring for brood, for the most part due to their dagger-like, piercing Mandible (insect mouthpart), mandibles. As such, they have evolved to rely on certain species of ants in the genus ''Formica''. They have lost the instinct for carrying out even rudimentary brood care, and even for feeding themselves (which they are unable to do). ''Polyergus'' 'workers' exist more as a force of improvised soldiers, acting in essence solely to raid the ''Formica'' nests. The captured ants are generally referred to as "slaves" in scientific and popular literature, though recent attempts have been made to apply other human cultural models. Some of these describe the ''Polyergus'' as "raiders", "pirates", or "kidnappe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Academic Search Complete
Academic Search is a monthly indexing service. It was first published in 1997 by EBSCO Publishing in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Its academic focus is international universities, covering social science, education Education is the transmission of knowledge and skills and the development of character traits. Formal education occurs within a structured institutional framework, such as public schools, following a curriculum. Non-formal education als ..., psychology, and other subjects. Publishing formats covered are academic journals, magazines, newspapers, and CD-ROM. Academic Search Complete Academic Search Complete was first published in 2007 as Academic Premier. It is an Subject indexing, indexing and Abstract (summary), abstracting service, accessible via the World Wide Web. Coverage includes more than 8,500 full-text periodicals, including more than 7,300 Peer review, peer-reviewed journals. In addition to full text, Academic Complete offers indexing and abstracts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Genetics
The ''Journal of Genetics'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of genetics and evolution. It was established in 1910 by the British geneticists William Bateson and Reginald Punnett and is one of the oldest genetics journals. It was later edited by J.B.S. Haldane, who emigrated to India in 1957, and continued publishing the journal from there. On Haldane's death in 1964, his second wife Helen Spurway continued to publish the journal with Madhav Gadgil, H. Sharat Chandra, and Suresh Jayakar as editors until Spurway died in 1977 and the journal ceased publication. With the permission of Naomi Mitchison, Haldane's sister, it was revived in 1985 and has been published by the Indian Academy of Sciences, currently in collaboration with Springer Science+Business Media, since then. All volumes published between 1910 and 1994 (vol. 1-73) are available free on the website of the Indian Academy of Sciences. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population), i.e. excludes non-descendants of that common ancestor # the grouping contains all the descendants of that common ancestor, without exception Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic'' grouping meets 1. but not 2., thus consisting of the descendants of a common ancestor, excepting one or more monophyletic subgroups. A ''polyphyletic'' grouping meets neither criterion, and instead serves to characterize convergent relationships of biological features rather than genetic relationships – for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, or aquatic insects. As such, these characteristic features of a polyphyletic grouping are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature (journal)
''Nature'' is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England. As a multidisciplinary publication, ''Nature'' features Peer review, peer-reviewed research from a variety of academic disciplines, mainly in science and technology. It has core editorial offices across the United States, continental Europe, and Asia under the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature. ''Nature'' was one of the world's most cited scientific journals by the Science Edition of the 2022 ''Journal Citation Reports'' (with an ascribed impact factor of 50.5), making it one of the world's most-read and most prestigious academic journals. , it claimed an online readership of about three million unique readers per month. Founded in the autumn of 1869, ''Nature'' was first circulated by Norman Lockyer and Alexander MacMillan (publisher), Alexander MacMillan as a public forum for scientific innovations. The mid-20th century facilitated an editorial expansion for the j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inquiline
In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin ''inquilinus'', "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms, such as insects, may live in the homes of gophers or the garages of humans and feed on debris, fungi, roots, etc. The most widely distributed types of inquiline are those found in association with the nests of social insects, especially ants and termites – a single colony may support dozens of different inquiline species. The distinctions between parasites, social parasites, and inquilines are subtle, and many species may fulfill the criteria for more than one of these, as inquilines do exhibit many of the same characteristics as parasites. However, parasites are specifically ''not'' inquilines, because by definition they have a deleterious effect on the host species, while inquilines have not been confirmed to do so. In the specific case of termites, the term " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emery's Rule
Emery's rule is the trend of social parasites to be parasites to species or genera they are closely related to. History In 1909, the Italian entomologist Carlo Emery noted that social parasites among insects (e.g., kleptoparasites) tend to be parasites of species or genera to which they are closely related.Emery, C. "Über den Ursprung der dulotischen, parasitischen und myrmekophilen Ameisen". ''Biologisches Centralblatt'' 29, 352–362 (1909) Over time, this pattern has been recognized in many additional cases, and generalized to what is now known as Emery's rule. In nature The pattern is best known for various taxa of Hymenoptera. For example, the social wasp '' Dolichovespula adulterina ''parasitizes other members of its genus such as ''Dolichovespula norwegica'' and '' Dolichovespula arenaria''. Emery's rule is also applicable to members of other kingdoms such as fungi, red algae, and mistletoe. The significance and general relevance of this pattern are still a matter o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
