|
Paradene
Paradan or Paratan was a province of the Paratarajas and the Sasanian Empire. It was constituted from the present-day Balochistan region, which is divided between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Paratarajas Evidence from coins shows that it was located in what is now north-eastern Balochistan, centered around the town of Loralai (now in Pakistan), further east than traditionally thought. Thus it was located roughly where the map places the province of Turan. Paradan has been associated with the territory of the historical Paratarajas (125-300 CE). Sasanian Empire The province of Paradan is mentioned in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht Shapur I's Ka'ba-ye Zartosht inscription (shortened as Shapur-KZ, ŠKZ, SKZ), also referred to as The Great Inscription of Shapur I, and ''Res Gestae Divi Saporis'' (RGDS), is a trilingual inscription made during the reign of the Sasanian king S ... of 262 CE, one of the many provinces of the Sasanian Empire: Traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pāratarājas
The Pāratarājas (Brahmi: ''Pāratarāja'', Kharosthi: 𐨤𐨪𐨟𐨪𐨗 ', ', "Kings of Pārata") or Pāradarājas was a dynasty of Parthian kings, and ruling family from what is now Pakistan, from circa 125 CE to circa 300 CE. They appear to be a migrant tribal polity from Western Iran. Sources Ancient history of Balochistan is scarcely documented. The polity is essentially known through their coinage which have been primarily found in and around the district of Loralai, Balochistan, western Pakistan. Coinage The coinage was first studied by E. J. Rapson in 1905 before being subject to a comprehensive evaluation by B. N. Mukherjee in 1972; they have been since superseded by Pankoj Tandon's analyses alongside Harry Falk. Coinage was issued in five denominations: didrachms, drachms, hemidrachms, quarter drachms, and obols. However all rulers did not issue every denomination. The first six rulers minted stable denominations in silver, before they were devalued and then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turgistan
Turan (also spelled Turgistan and Turestan) was a province of the Sasanian Empire located in present-day Pakistan. The province was mainly populated by Indians, and bordered Paradan in the west, Hind in the east, Sakastan in the north, and Makuran in the south. The main city and bastion of the province was Bauterna ( Khuzdar/Quzdar). The province had been a kingdom under the Indo-Parthian king Pahares I, before submitting to the first Sasanian monarch Ardashir I () in 230 AD. These events were recorded by Al-Tabari, describing the arrival of envoys from Makran and Turan to Ardeshir at Gor: Turan was then governed by the Sakanshah, the first notable one being Ardashir I's grandson, Narseh. The province is mentioned in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht of 262 CE, among the many provinces of the Sasanian Empire: The 19th-century historian Wilhelm Tomaschek suggested that the name of Turan possibly derived from the Iranian word ''tura(n)'', meaning "hostile, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paradene
Paradan or Paratan was a province of the Paratarajas and the Sasanian Empire. It was constituted from the present-day Balochistan region, which is divided between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Paratarajas Evidence from coins shows that it was located in what is now north-eastern Balochistan, centered around the town of Loralai (now in Pakistan), further east than traditionally thought. Thus it was located roughly where the map places the province of Turan. Paradan has been associated with the territory of the historical Paratarajas (125-300 CE). Sasanian Empire The province of Paradan is mentioned in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht Shapur I's Ka'ba-ye Zartosht inscription (shortened as Shapur-KZ, ŠKZ, SKZ), also referred to as The Great Inscription of Shapur I, and ''Res Gestae Divi Saporis'' (RGDS), is a trilingual inscription made during the reign of the Sasanian king S ... of 262 CE, one of the many provinces of the Sasanian Empire: Traditional ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makuran
Makran ( fa, مكران), mentioned in some sources as Mecran and Mokrān, is the coastal region of Baluchistan. It is a semi-desert coastal strip in Balochistan, in Pakistan and Iran, along the coast of the Gulf of Oman. It extends westwards, from the Sonmiani Bay to the northwest of Karachi in the east, to the fringes of the region of Bashkardia/Bāšgerd in the southern part of the Sistān and Balučestān province of modern Iran. Makrān is thus bisected by the modern political boundary between Pakistan and Iran. Etymology The southern part of Balochistan is called ''Kech Makran'' on Pakistani side and Makran on the Iranian side which is also the name of a former Iranian province. The location corresponds to that of the Maka satrapy in Achaemenid times. The Sumerian trading partners of Magan are identified with Makran. In Varahamihira's Brihat Samhita, there is a mention of a tribe called ''Makara'' inhabiting the lands west of India. Arrian used the term ''Ichthyophagi' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turan (Sasanian Province)
Turan (also spelled Turgistan and Turestan) was a province of the Sasanian Empire located in present-day Pakistan. The province was mainly populated by Indians, and bordered Paradan in the west, Hind in the east, Sakastan in the north, and Makuran in the south. The main city and bastion of the province was Bauterna ( Khuzdar/Quzdar). The province had been a kingdom under the Indo-Parthian king Pahares I, before submitting to the first Sasanian monarch Ardashir I () in 230 AD. These events were recorded by Al-Tabari, describing the arrival of envoys from Makran and Turan to Ardeshir at Gor: Turan was then governed by the Sakanshah, the first notable one being Ardashir I's grandson, Narseh. The province is mentioned in Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht of 262 CE, among the many provinces of the Sasanian Empire: The 19th-century historian Wilhelm Tomaschek suggested that the name of Turan possibly derived from the Iranian word ''tura(n)'', meaning "hosti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapur I's Inscription At The Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
Shapur I's Ka'ba-ye Zartosht inscription (shortened as Shapur-KZ, ŠKZ, SKZ), also referred to as The Great Inscription of Shapur I, and ''Res Gestae Divi Saporis'' (RGDS), is a trilingual inscription made during the reign of the Sasanian king Shapur I (240–270) after his victories over the Romans. The inscription is carved on the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht, a stone quadrangular and stepped structure located in Naqsh-e Rustam, an ancient necropolis located northwest of Persepolis, in today's Fars Province, Iran. The inscription dates to c. 262. Content The inscription is written in Middle Persian, Parthian, and Greek, containing 35, 30, and 70 lines, respectively. The Middle Persian variant is partially damaged, while the Greek and Parthian versions are better preserved, although they are not exactly the same as the Middle Persian text. In this inscription, Shapur introduces himself, mentions his genealogy, enumerates the provinces of his empire, describes his campaigns against t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oman
Oman ( ; ar, عُمَان ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman ( ar, سلْطنةُ عُمان ), is an Arabian country located in southwestern Asia. It is situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and spans the mouth of the Persian Gulf. Oman shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, while sharing maritime borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the United Arab Emirates on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and the Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries. Muscat is the nation's capital and largest city. From the 17th century, the Omani Sultanate was an empire, vying with the Portuguese and British empires for influence in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean. At its peak in the 19th century, Omani influence and control extended ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josef Wiesehöfer
Josef Wiesehöfer (born April 5, 1951 in Wickede, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German classical scholar and current professor of Ancient history at the Department of Classics (Institut für Klassische Altertumskunde) of the University of Kiel. He is an internationally renowned expert on the history of pre-Islamic Persia and the forms of contact between the Greek and Roman World The Greco-Roman civilization (; also Greco-Roman culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were dir ... and the Ancient Near East. His most famous publication is ''Ancient Persia, 550 BC to 650 AD'' (London - New York 2001). ReferencesJosef Wiesehöfer's personal page (German) 1951 births Living people German classical scholars Iranologists People from Soest (district) {{Germany-academic-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tashkent
Tashkent (, uz, Toshkent, Тошкент/, ) (from russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent (; ), also historically known as Chach is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of 2,909,500 (2022). It is in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan. Tashkent comes from the Turkic ''tash'' and ''kent'', literally translated as "Stone City" or "City of Stones". Before Islamic influence started in the mid-8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures. After Genghis Khan destroyed it in 1219, it was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. From the 18th to the 19th century, the city became an independent city-state, before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire; it became the capital of Russian Turkestan. In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Provinces Of Sakastan, Paradan, Turan, Makuran And Hind In The Early Sasanian Era
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sogdiana
Sogdia ( Sogdian: ) or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Sogdiana was also a province of the Achaemenid Empire, and listed on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great. Sogdiana was first conquered by Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, and then was annexed by the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great in 328 BC. It would continue to change hands under the Seleucid Empire, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, the Kushan Empire, the Sasanian Empire, the Hephthalite Empire, the Western Turkic Khaganate and the Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. The Sogdian city-states, although never politically united, were centered on the city of Samarkand. Sogdian, an Eastern Iranian language, is no longer spoken, but a descendant of one of its dialects, Yaghnobi, is still spoken by the Yaghnobis of Tajikistan. It was widely spoken in Central As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Makuran")
.png "Click for more on -> The Provinces Of Sakastan, Paradan, Turan, Makuran And Hind In The Early Sasanian Era")
