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Paracirrhites Bicolor
''Paracirrhites'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, hawkfishes belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. These fishes are found on tropical reefs of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy ''Paracirrhites'' was described in 1874 by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker, Bleeker designated ''Grammistes forsteri'', described by the German naturalist Johann Gottlob Schneider in 1801, as the type species for his new genus in 1876. This genus appears to be a sister taxon to the genera ''Amblycirrhitus'' and ''Cirrhitus'' within the Cirrhitidae. The genus name is a compound of ''para'' meaning “near" or "similar to" and ''Cirrhites'', an alternative spelling of the type genus of the family Cirrhitidae, ''Cirrhitus''. There are three species of little known, small, largely sympatric and very similar ''Paracirrhites'' hawkfishes from Polynesia, ''P. bicolor'', ''P. nisus'' and ''P. xanthus''. These were all described by John E. Randall in 1963. It has been suggested that these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blackside Hawkfish
The black-side hawkfish (''Paracirrhites forsteri''), freckled hawkfish or Forster's hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the Family (biology), family Cirrhitidae. It is from the Indo-Pacific. It is occasionally found in the aquarium trade and is also of minor importance to local commercial fisheries. It grows to a fish measurement, total length of . Taxonomy The blackside hawkfish was first formally Species description, described in 1801 as ''Grammistes forsteri'' by the German people, French naturalist Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with the Type locality (biology), type locality given as Vaitahu on Tahuata Island in the Marquesas Islands. The Specific name (zoology), specific name honours the Poland, Polish-born German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, who was a naturalist aboard James Cook's second voyage on HMS Resolution and who described this species as "''Perca taeniatus''" in an unpublished manuscript. Description The blackside ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Taxon
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracirrhites Forsteri
The black-side hawkfish (''Paracirrhites forsteri''), freckled hawkfish or Forster's hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is from the Indo-Pacific. It is occasionally found in the aquarium trade and is also of minor importance to local commercial fisheries. It grows to a total length of . Taxonomy The blackside hawkfish was first formally described in 1801 as ''Grammistes forsteri'' by the French naturalist Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with the type locality given as Vaitahu on Tahuata Island in the Marquesas Islands. The specific name honours the Polish-born German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster, who was a naturalist aboard James Cook's second voyage on HMS Resolution Several ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS ''Resolution''. However, the first English warship to bear the name ''Resolution'' was actually the first rate ''Prince Royal'' (built in 1610 and rebuilt in 1641), which wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Ernest Randall
John Ernest "Jack" Randall (May 22, 1924 – April 26, 2020) was an American ichthyologist and a leading authority on coral reef fishes. Randall described over 800 species and authored 11 books and over 900 scientific papers and popular articles. He spent most of his career working in Hawaii. He died in April 2020 at the age of 95. Career John Ernest Randall was born in Los Angeles, California in May 1924, to John and Mildred (McKibben) Randall. In high school he acquired a love of marine fish after a visit to the tide pools of Palos Verdes and, after serving stateside in the Medical Corps of the U.S. Army during the post- D-Day years of WWII,John Randall bio, The Academy of Underwater Arts & Sciences. (http://www.auas-nogi.org/bio_randall_john.html) received his BA degree from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1950. In 1955 he earned his Ph.D in ichthyology from the University of Hawaii. After spending two years as a research associate at the Bishop Museum in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracirrhites Bicolor
''Paracirrhites'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish, hawkfishes belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. These fishes are found on tropical reefs of the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. Taxonomy ''Paracirrhites'' was described in 1874 by the Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker, Bleeker designated ''Grammistes forsteri'', described by the German naturalist Johann Gottlob Schneider in 1801, as the type species for his new genus in 1876. This genus appears to be a sister taxon to the genera ''Amblycirrhitus'' and ''Cirrhitus'' within the Cirrhitidae. The genus name is a compound of ''para'' meaning “near" or "similar to" and ''Cirrhites'', an alternative spelling of the type genus of the family Cirrhitidae, ''Cirrhitus''. There are three species of little known, small, largely sympatric and very similar ''Paracirrhites'' hawkfishes from Polynesia, ''P. bicolor'', ''P. nisus'' and ''P. xanthus''. These were all described by John E. Randall in 1963. It has been suggested that these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils. Cuvier's work is considered the foundation of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phylum, phyla and incorporating both fossils and living species into the classification. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction as a fact—at the time, extinction was considered by many of Cuvier's contemporaries to be merely controversial speculation. In his ''Essay on the Theory of the Earth'' (1813) Cuvier proposed that now-extinct species had been wiped out by periodic catastrophic flooding events. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paracirrhites Arcatus
The arc-eye hawkfish (''Paracirrhites arcatus''), the ringeye hawkfish, horseshoe hawkfish or whiteline hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is found in shallow waters in the tropical Indo-Pacific on reefs, resting on coral heads much of the time. Taxonomy The arc-eye hawkfish was first formally described in 1829 as ''Cirrhites arcatus'' by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as Mauritius. The specific name ''arcatus'' means “arched”, an allusion which Cuvier did not explain but it may refer to the horseshoe shaped mark behind the eye. Some authorities treat '' Paracirrhites amblycephalus'' as a valid species but Fishbase treats this taxon as a synonym of ''P. arcatus''. Description The arc-eye hawkfish has a relatively deep body, the standard length being around 2.7 times its length. It has a smooth upper preopercular margin and a slightly rounded to truncate caudal fin. The dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can reproduction, produce Fertility, fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology (biology), morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a binomial nomenclature, two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arc-eye Hawkfish
The arc-eye hawkfish (''Paracirrhites arcatus''), the ringeye hawkfish, horseshoe hawkfish or whiteline hawkfish, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a hawkfish belonging to the family Cirrhitidae. It is found in shallow waters in the tropical Indo-Pacific on reefs, resting on coral heads much of the time. Taxonomy The arc-eye hawkfish was first formally described in 1829 as ''Cirrhites arcatus'' by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier with the type locality given as Mauritius. The specific name ''arcatus'' means “arched”, an allusion which Cuvier did not explain but it may refer to the horseshoe shaped mark behind the eye. Some authorities treat '' Paracirrhites amblycephalus'' as a valid species but Fishbase treats this taxon as a synonym of ''P. arcatus''. Description The arc-eye hawkfish has a relatively deep body, the standard length being around 2.7 times its length. It has a smooth upper preopercular margin and a slightly rounded to truncate caudal fin. The dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polynesia
Polynesia () "many" and νῆσος () "island"), to, Polinisia; mi, Porinihia; haw, Polenekia; fj, Polinisia; sm, Polenisia; rar, Porinetia; ty, Pōrīnetia; tvl, Polenisia; tkl, Polenihia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They have many things in common, including Polynesian languages, language relatedness, Polynesian culture, cultural practices, and Marae, traditional beliefs. In centuries past, they had a strong shared tradition of sailing and Polynesian navigation, using stars to navigate at night. The largest country in Polynesia is New Zealand. The term was first used in 1756 by the French writer Charles de Brosses, who originally applied it to all the list of islands in the Pacific Ocean, islands of the Pacific. In 1831, Jules Dumont d'Urville proposed a narrower definition during a lecture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sympatry
In biology, two related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter one another. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation may, but need not, arise through secondary contact, which refers to speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed. Types of populations Four main types of population pairs exist in nature. Sympatric populations (or species) contrast with parapatric populations, which contact one another in adjacent but not shared ranges and do n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Genus
In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal family-group taxon is a nominal genus called the 'type genus'; the family-group name is based upon that of the type genus." Any family-group name must have a type genus (and any genus-group name must have a type species, but any species-group name may, but need not, have one or more type specimens). The type genus for a family-group name is also the genus that provided the stem to which was added the ending -idae (for families). :Example: The family name Formicidae has as its type genus the genus '' Formica'' Linnaeus, 1758. Botanical nomenclature In botanical nomenclature, the phrase "type genus" is used, unofficially, as a term of convenience. In the '' ICN'' this phrase has no status. The code uses type specimens for ranks up to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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