|
Papal Jews
Papal Jews, Pope's Jews (, or ), Avignonese Jews, also known by their pre-Revolution name Comtadin Jews () lived in the Comtat Venaissin and in Avignon, ceded respectively in 1274 and 1348 to the Holy See and remaining under its administration until the French Revolution in 1791. Along with the Alsatian Jews, they formed for several centuries one of the only two Jewish communities authorised to live on what is today French territory, but which at the time of their establishment lay outside the borders of the Kingdom of France. Avignon Papacy In the 14th century, the popes resided in Avignon, where the presence of the papal court fostered Jewish activity, despite an attempt to expel them. In 1322, John XXII expelled the Jews from Avignon and the Comtat, forcing them to take refuge in Dauphiné and Savoy. To complete the expulsion, the pope deemed it necessary to have the synagogues of Bédarrides, Bollène, Carpentras, Le Thor, Malaucène, Monteux, and Pernes torn down. Thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gordon Thomas (author)
Gordon Thomas (21 February 1933 – 3 March 2017) was a British investigative journalist and author, notably on topics of secret intelligence. Thomas was the author of 53 books published worldwide including '' The Pope's Jews'', ''Secret Wars'', and '' Gideon's Spies'', with sales exceeding 45 million copies. Thomas got the scoop on the nationalisation of the Suez Canal for the ''Daily Express'' in 1956.''My Story: Gordon Thomas''. Programme produced by Aparat Limited for Press TV. Published 30 January 2014 He was a cousin of the poet Dylan Thomas. Biography Thomas was born in Wales, in a cemetery keeper's cottage where his grandmother lived. He had his first story published at nine years old in a '' Boy's Own Paper'' competition. With his father in the RAF, he travelled widely and was educated at the Cairo High School, the Marist Brothers (in Port Elizabeth, South Africa) and, lastly, at Bedford Modern School. His first book, completed at the age of seventeen, is the story ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savoy
Savoy (; ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south and west and to the Aosta Valley in the east. Savoy, formerly a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy, emerged as the feudal County of Savoy ruled by the House of Savoy during the 11th to 14th centuries. The original territory, also known as "ducal Savoy" or "Savoy proper", is largely co-terminous with the modern French Savoie and Haute-Savoie ''départements'' in the region of Rhône-Alpes, but the historical expansion of Savoyard territories, as the Duchy of Savoy (1416–1860), included parts of what is now western Italy and southwestern Switzerland. The current border between France and Italy is due to the Plombières Agreement of 1858, which in preparation for the unification of Italy ceded western Savoy to France, while the eastern territories in Piedmont an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provence
Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It largely corresponds with the modern administrative Regions of France, region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and includes the Departments of France, departments of Var (department), Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, as well as parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse.''Le Petit Robert, Dictionnaire Universel des Noms Propres'' (1988). The largest city of the region and its modern-day capital is Marseille. The Ancient Rome, Romans made the region the first Roman province beyond the Alps and called it ''Provincia Romana'', which evolved into the present name. Until 1481 it was ruled by the List of rulers of Provence, counts of Provence from their capital in Aquae Sextiae (today Aix-en-Provence), then became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Jews In Arles
Arles was a major Jewish center between the Ancient Rome, Roman times and the Renaissance. Due to its location between Spain and the rest of Europe, with its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, Arles became a comfortable and sometimes beneficial city for the many Jews who lived in it. During the Middle Ages, many notable Jews were active in Arles, which functioned as a Jewish philosophy and Arabic-Hebrew-Latin translation center, as it was one of the town known for its Hachmei Provence. No Jewish community was evident in Arles ever since, even though some evidences of former Jewish life can be seen around town and in the local museum. The Jewish community ceased to prosper towards the end of the 15th century, until they were expelled in around the 1490s after which they did not return. Jews were to be found in Arles in the 1960s, though no community was ever evident again. History Roman Empire According to a legend, Roman emperor Vespasian placed Jewish exiles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the list of epidemics, most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. The disease is caused by the Bacteria, bacterium ''Yersinia pestis'' and spread by Flea, fleas and through the air. One of the most significant events in European history, the Black Death had far-reaching population, economic, and cultural impacts. It was the beginning of the second plague pandemic. The plague created religious, social and economic upheavals, with profound effects on the course of European history. The origin of the Black Death is disputed. Genetic analysis suggests ''Yersinia pestis'' bacteria evolved approximately 7,000 years ago, at the beginning of the Neolithic, with flea-mediated strains emerging around 3,800 years ago during the late Bronze Age. The immediate territorial origins of the Black Death and its outbreak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Clement VI
Pope Clement VI (; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death, in December 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague. Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church's ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and, as pope Clement VI, entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy. He recruited composers and music theorists for his court, including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries. Early life Birth and family Pierre Roger (also spelled Rogier and Rosiers) was born in the château of Maumont, today part of the commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Corrèze, in Limousin, France, the son of the lord of Maumont-Rosiers-d'Égletons. He had an elder broth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Badge
The yellow badge, also known as the yellow patch, the Jewish badge, or the yellow star (, ), was an accessory that Jews were required to wear in certain non-Jewish societies throughout history. A Jew's ethno-religious identity, which would be denoted by the badge, would help to mark them as an outsider. Legislation that mandated Jewish subjects to wear such items has been documented in some Middle Eastern caliphates and in some European kingdoms during the medieval period and the early modern period. The most recent usage of yellow badges was during World War II, when Jews living in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe were ordered to wear a yellow Star of David to keep their Jewish identity disclosed to the public in the years leading up to the Holocaust. History Muslim world The practice of wearing special clothing or markings to distinguish Jews and other non-Muslims ( dhimmis) in Muslim-dominated countries seems to have been introduced in the Umayyad Caliphate by Caliph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Avignon
Council of Avignon may refer to one of a number of councils of the Roman Catholic Church which were held in Avignon in France. The first reported council met in the 11th century and the final council on record was in the mid-19th century. Eleventh century The first reported council, , was held in 1060, though nothing is known about what took place. In 1080 a council, , was held under the presidency of Hugues de Dié, papal legate, in which Aicard, usurper of the See of Arles, was deposed, and Gibelin put in his place. Three bishops-elect ( Lautelin of Embrun, Hugues of Grenoble, Didier of Cavaillon) accompanied the legate to Rome and were consecrated there by Pope Gregory VII. Thirteenth century During the 13th century four councils were held, including the in which the inhabitants of Toulouse were excommunicated by the council for failing to expel the Albigensian heretics from Toulouse. Included in the population that was excommunicated were two papal legates, four a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernes-les-Fontaines
Pernes-les-Fontaines (; officially Pernes until 1936; Occitan: ''Pèrnas dei Fònts'' or simply ''Pèrnas'') is a commune in the southeastern French department of Vaucluse. Population Its inhabitants are called ''Pernois'' and ''Pernoises'' in French. People related to Pernes-les-Fontaines * Esprit Fléchier (1632–1710) * Esprit Antoine Blanchard (1696–1770) * Charles Giraud (1802–1885) * Paul de Vivie (1853–1930) * Daniel Sorano (1920–1962) * Ahmad Jamal (born 1930) * Jean Ragnotti (born 1945) * Richard Descoings (1958–2012) See also *Communes of the Vaucluse department The following is a list of the 151 communes of the Vaucluse department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monteux
Monteux (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Vaucluse Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in southeastern France. Geography Monteux is near Carpentras, in middle of Comtat Venaissin, and around 20 km from Avignon, in the countryside between Mont Ventoux, the Rhône and the Durance. Its inhabitants are called Montelais or Montiliens. The patron saint of the city is Saint Gens. Nearby towns Althen-des-Paluds, Entraigues-sur-la-Sorgue, Carpentras, Sarrians, Pernes-les-Fontaines, Loriol-du-Comtat. Hydrography The river Auzon crosses the commune to the north of the historical center. Climate The commune, located in the zone of influence of the Mediterranean climate, has four seasons. Two are dry: a short winter and a very long summer; two are rainy: autumn and spring (season), spring. While the summers generally are hot and dry, due to subtropical anticyclone activity, there are stormy periods, sometimes viole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaucène
Malaucène (; ) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France. Geography Malaucène is a typical provençal village located in Provence (South of France) at the foot of Mont Ventoux. Population Sights The village itself dates from the tenth century. It features Medieval, Gallic and Roman structures (even prehistoric vestiges). The best views are on top of the Calvaire located in the middle of the older part of town. Economy There is an outside market every Wednesday morning. Local merchants sell olives, salamis, potteries, handicrafts, clothes, etc. Malaucène has several restaurants, cafés, and wineries. Several places exhibit local artists, especially painters. See also * Dentelles de Montmirail *Communes of the Vaucluse department The following is a list of the 151 communes of the Vaucluse department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025): [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Thor
Le Thor (; ) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan .... In 2021, it had a population of 8,858. It has an attractive Romanesque church, Notre-Dame-du-Lac, an 11th-century castle in ruins, the Château de Thouzon, as well as an Urgonian Limestone cave, the Grottes de Thouzon (also known as the Grotte aux Fées), accessible for visits to the public. Population Notable residents * Alexey Brodovitch (1898–1971), graphic designer of Russian descent. * Pierre Salinger (1925–2004), a White House Press Secretary to US Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, lived in "La Bastide rose" until his death. See also * Communes of the Vaucluse department Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
