|
Pandaceae
The family (biology), family Pandaceae consists of three genera that were formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae. Those are: *''Galearia'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) *''Microdesmis'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) *''Panda (plant), Panda'' (from tribe Galearieae, subfamily Acalyphoideae, family Euphorbiaceae) These genera contain 17 species, which especially live in West Africa or Southeast Asia. Species in this family are dioecious trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple leaves. The genus ''Centroplacus'' was formerly included in the Pandaceae and had also been recognized in the tribe Centroplaceae, family Phyllanthaceae). The APG III system recognized this genus as a part of the family Centroplacaceae. References Pandaceae, Malpighiales families Dioecious plants Taxa named by Adolf Engler Taxa named by Ernest Friedrich Gilg {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malpighiales Families
The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, aspens and poplars, poinsettia, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, flaxseed, castor bean, Saint John's wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchineel tree. The order is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology and the relationships of its diverse members can be hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago ( Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya. The Malpighiales contain about 36 families and more than species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. Taxonomy The Malpighiales include the following 36 families, according to the APG IV system of classification: *Achariaceae * Balanopaceae *Bonnetiaceae * Calophyllaceae * Caryocaraceae *Centroplaca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panda (plant)
''Panda'' is a plant genus of the family Pandaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Panda oleosa'', native to western and central Africa (Liberia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cabinda, Gabon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Cameroon, Zaire). Chimpanzee The chimpanzee (; ''Pan troglodytes''), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of Hominidae, great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed one. When its close rel ...s have been observed to hammer on the nuts of ''Panda oleosa'', which are particularly hard to open. Humans cook and eat the seeds and also use an oil produced by the seeds in food preparation, the wood is used to make canoes and for carpentry. References * * Pandaceae Flora of West Tropical Africa Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa Plants described in 1896 {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galearia
''Galearia'' is a genus of plant of the family Pandaceae. It is native to Indochina, insular Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. They are large trees or shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...s which exude a white liquid. Accepted species: #'' Galearia aristifera'' Miq. - Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra #'' Galearia celebica'' Koord. - Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands #'' Galearia filiformis'' (Blume) Boerl. - Java, Sumatra #'' Galearia fulva'' (Tul.) Miq. - Indochina, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra, Philippines #'' Galearia maingayi'' Hook.f. - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Sumatra References Pandaceae Malpighiales genera Taxa named by Alexander Moritzi Taxa named by Heinrich Zollinger {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microdesmis
''Microdesmis'' is a genus of plant of the family Pandaceae. It is native to tropical Africa, China and Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au .... #'' Microdesmis afrodecandra'' Floret, A.M.Louis & J.M.Reitsma - Gabon #'' Microdesmis camerunensis'' J.Léonard - Cameroon, Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville #'' Microdesmis caseariifolia'' Planch. ex Hook -Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Borneo, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam #'' Microdesmis haumaniana'' J.Léonard - Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre, Angola #'' Microdesmis kasaiensis'' J.Léonard - Zaïre #'' Microdesmis keayana'' J.Léonard - Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo, Nigeria #'' Microdesmis klainei'' J.Léonard - Gabon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galearieae
Galearieae is a no-longer-recognized tribe of plant of the family Euphorbiaceae. It comprised 3 genera, '' Galearia'', '' Microdesmis'', and ''Panda''. Molecular data show that although these three genera are related to each other, they do not belong to the subfamily Acalyphoideae of the Euphorbiaceae, and therefore they are generally now classified as the family Pandaceae. See also * Taxonomy of the Euphorbiaceae 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ... References Acalyphoideae Historically recognized angiosperm taxa Euphorbiaceae tribes {{Euphorbiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG III System
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy being developed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the APG IV system. Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society: * The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders. * The second, by Haston ''et al.'', was a linear sequence of families fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllanthaceae
Phyllanthaceae is a Family (biology), family of flowering plants in the eudicot Order (biology), order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae.Kenneth J. Wurdack and Charles C. Davis. 2009. "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life." ''American Journal of Botany'' 96(8):1551-1570. (see ''External links'' below) The Phyllanthaceae are most numerous in the tropics, with many in the Temperateness, south temperate zone, and a few ranging as far north as the middle of the Temperateness, north temperate zone.Petra Hoffman. 2007. "Phyllanthaceae" pages 250-252. In: Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World.'' Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. . Some species of ''Andrachne'', ''Antidesma'', ''Margaritaria'', and ''Phyllanthus'' are in cultivation.Anthony J. Huxley, Mark Griffiths, and Margot Levy (editors). 1992. ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Engler
Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler (25 March 1844 – 10 October 1930) was a German botanist. He is notable for his work on plant taxonomy and phytogeography, such as ''Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' (''The Natural Plant Families''), edited with Karl Anton Eugen Prantl, Karl A. E. von Prantl. Even now, his system of plant classification, the Engler system, is still used by many Herbarium, herbaria and is followed by writers of many manuals and Flora (plants), floras. It is still the only system that treats all 'plants' (in the wider sense, algae to flowering plants) in such depth. Engler published a prodigious number of taxonomic works. He used various artists to illustrate his books, notably Joseph Pohl (1864–1939), an illustrator who had served an apprenticeship as a wood-engraver. Pohl's skill drew Engler's attention, starting a collaboration of some 40 years. Pohl produced more than 33 000 drawings in 6 000 plates for ''Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien''. He also illustrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centroplacus
''Centroplacus'' is a genus of the family Centroplacaceae. It was formerly classified in the Phyllanthaceae and given its own tribe, the Centroplaceae. It contains a single species, ''Centroplacus glaucinus''. General information ''C. glaucinus'' is an understorey tree, usually at low elevations, growing up to 20 metres tall; a dioecious species, flowers unisexual (male and female forms). Range Centroplacus occurs in West tropical Africa (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...). References Centroplacaceae Monotypic Malpighiales genera Dioecious plants {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioecious Plants
Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only the female part of the population directly produces offspring. It is one method for excluding self-fertilization and promoting allogamy (outcrossing), and thus tends to reduce the expression of recessive deleterious mutations present in a population. Plants have several other methods of preventing self-fertilization including, for example, dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility. In zoology In zoology, dioecy means that an animal is either male or female, in which case the synonym gonochory is more often used. Most animal species are gonochoric, almost all vertebrate species are gonochoric, and all bird and mammal species are gonochoric. Dioecy may also describe colonies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centroplacaceae
Centroplacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. The family comprises two genera: '' Bhesa'', which was formerly recognized in the Celastraceae, and '' Centroplacus'', which was formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae, together comprising six species. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group determined that based on previous phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ... analysis, these two genera formed an isolated clade and recognition of the family was "reasonable." References External links Malpighiales families {{Malpighiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
