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Pancha-Dravida
Pancha Dravida ( from Sanskrit: पंच ''pancha'') is one of the two major groupings of Brahmins in Hinduism, of which the other is Pancha-Gauda. In ''Rajatarangini'' Kalhana, in his ''Rajatarangini'' (c. 12th century CE), classifies the following five Brahmin communities as Pancha Dravida, stating that they reside to the south of the Vindhyas: * Karnataka ( Karnataka Brahmins) * Tailanga ( Telugu Brahmins) * Dravida (Brahmins of Tamil Nadu and Kerala) * Maharashtraka (Maharashtrian Brahmins) * Gurjara ( Gujarati Brahmins) In the ''Sahyādrikhaṇḍa'' A fragment of the '' Sahyādrikhaṇḍa'', featured in Hemadri's ''Chatur-varga-chintamani'' (13th century), quotes Shiva to name the following divisions of the Pancha Dravidas: * Drāviḍa * Tailaṅga * Karnāṭa * Madhyadeśa (identified with Mahārāṣṭra in variant readings) * Gurjara In the ''kaifiyat''s The Maratha-era '' kaifiyats'' (bureaucratic records) of Deccan, which give an account of the society i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deshastha Brahmin
Deshastha Brahmin is a Hinduism, Hindu Brahmin caste, subcaste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra and North Karnataka. Other than these states, according to authors K. S. Singh, Gregory Naik and Pran Nath Chopra, Deshastha Brahmins are also concentrated in the states of Telangana , Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Historian Pran Nath Chopra and journalist Pritish Nandy say, "Most of the well-known saints from Maharashtra, Karnataka and Combined Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh were Deshastha Brahmins". The mother tongue of Deshastha Brahmins is either Marathi language, Marathi or Kannada language, Kannada. Over the millennia, the Deshastha community has produced Mathematicians such as Bhāskara II, Sanskrit scholars such as Bhavabhuti, Satyanatha Tirtha, Satyadharma Tirtha; Bhakti movement, Bhakti saints such as Dnyaneshwar, Eknath, Purandara Dasa, Samarth Ramdas and Vijaya Dasa; polemical logician such as Jayatirtha and non-polemical scholar such as Raghuttama Tirth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telugu Brahmins
Telugu Brahmins are ethnic-Telugus who belong to Brahmin communities native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmin classification of the Brahmin community in India. Telugu Brahmins are further divided into sections like Vaidiki, Niyogi, Deshastha, Dravida, Golkonda Vyapari among others. History The Apastamba Dharmasutra is posited to have been composed in the region of modern-day Andhra Pradesh between the Godavari and Krishna rivers, but this is not certain. It is dated to approximately 600-300 BCE, and more narrowly to between 450 and 350 BCE. Related communities Brahmin is a varna (caste) within Hindu society. Brahmins have traditionally been Hindu priests, either in temples or to particular families and have traditionally been better educated and held high positions. Telugu Brahmins fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmin classification of the Brahmin community in India. Kalhana, in his ''Rajatarangini'' (c. 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karnataka Brahmins
Kannada Brahmins or Carnatic Brahmins are Kannada-speaking Brahmins, primarily living in Karnataka, and also present in the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. They belong to one of three traditions: Smartism, Sadh Vaishnavism (Madhva Sampradaya), and Sri Vaishnavism, and are followers of Adi Shankara, Madhvacharya, and Ramanuja, respectively. Classification Kannada Brahmins fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmin classification of the Brahmin community in India. These Brahmins generally are further sub-divided into a number of gotras and the Veda Shakha, which professes to subscribe to the performance of the yajna and other rites. Another sub-division divides them those who follow the Apastamba Dharmasutra ''Āpastamba Dharmasūtra'' (Sanskrit: आपस्तम्ब धर्मसूत्र) is a Sanskrit text and one of the oldest Dharma-post vedic smriti related texts of Hinduism that have survived into the modern age from the 1st millenniu ... a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancha-Gauda
Pancha Gauda is one of the two major groupings of Brahmins in Hinduism, of which the other is Pancha-Dravida. In ''Rajatarangini'' According to Kalhana's ''Rajatarangini'' (c. 12th century CE), the Pancha Gauda group includes the following five Brahmin communities, which according to the text, reside to the north of the Vindhyas: * Sarasvata * Kanyakubja * Gauda * Utkala * Maithila In the ''Sahyadri-khanda'' The '' Sahyadri-khanda'', considered a part of the ''Skanda Purana'', also mentions the same classification as the ''Rajatarangini''.; Marathi version edited by Gajanan shastri Gaytonde, published by Shree Katyani Publication, Mumbai For example, fragments of the ''Sahyadri-khanda'', featured in Hemadri's ''Chatur-varga-chintamani'' (13th century), quote Shiva to provide this classification. The text identifies its heroes, the Shenvis, as Sarasvatas. In the text, Shiva also provides an alternative classification of Pancha Gaudas, stating that the ancient sages m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaifiyat
A ''Kaifiyat'' is a historical record, especially about a village or a town, from the Deccan region of India. Compiled in 18th and 19th centuries by village accountants, based on earlier records, the ''kaifiyats'' are a valuable source of local history. Many of them are part of the ''Mackenzie Manuscripts'' compiled by Colin Mackenzie and his assistants during 1780-1820. Etymology The word ''kaifiyat'' is of Arabic origin, and comes to India from Persian, which was the official language of the Deccan sultanates. Depending on the context, it has various meanings including "circumstances, account, statement, report, particulars, story, and news." By the late 18th century, the word had entered the Telugu vocabulary, and meant "village account". Among scholars, the term became popular when Colin Mackenzie's project to compile rural archives used it to describe the compiled village histories. History The ''kaifiyats'' are written in multiple scripts and languages, including Tel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmin Communities
Brahmin (; ) is a '' varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), '' Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and '' Shudra'' (labourers). The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood ( purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage rituals, such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, Brahmins are accorded the supreme ritual status of the four social classes, and they also served as spiritual teachers (guru or acharya). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historically also became agriculturalists, warriors, traders, and had also held other occupations in the Indian subcontinent.GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakashan, , pages 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srivaishnava
Sri Vaishnavism () is a denomination within the Vaishnavism tradition of Hinduism, predominantly practiced in South India. The name refers to goddess Lakshmi (also known as Sri), as well as a prefix that means "sacred, revered", and the god Vishnu, who are together revered in this tradition. The tradition traces its roots to the ancient Vedas and Pancharatra texts, popularised by the Alvars and their canon, the Naalayira Divya Prabandham. The founding of Sri Vaishnavism is traditionally attributed to Nathamuni of the 10th century CE; its central philosopher has been Ramanuja of the 11th century, who developed the ''Vishishtadvaita'' ("qualified non-dualism") Vedanta sub-school of Hindu philosophy. The tradition split into two denominations around the 16th century. The Vadakalai sect vested the Vedas with the greatest authority and follow the doctrine of Vedanta Desika, whereas the Tenkalai sect vested the Naalayira Divya Prabandham with the greatest authority and follow the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madhyandina Shakha
Madhyandina Shakha is a shakha (branch) of Shukla Yajurveda. This branch includes Madhyandina Samhita, Madhyandina Shatapatha Brahmana, Ishavasya Upanishad and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Recitation of this Shakha is prevalent over most of North India, Maharashtra and among Yajurvedi Shrimali Brahmin pandits of Gujarat and Rajasthan.{{Citation needed, date=April 2024 Traditions Many north Indian Veda Pandits recite it in a different way compared to those from Maharashtra. Many of the former pronounce the syllable ''ष'' (ṣa) as ''ख'' (kha). A large number of Shukla Yajur Vedic Madhyandina Shakha Brahmins are residing in Nashik, Maharashtra and many in Bihar (Maithil Brahmins except those belonging to Shandilya Gotra), Bengal and Uttar pradesh too. An association has also been formed with 3000 members on its roll. And a large number reside in Nepal. Estimates over two hundred thousand. Many have immigrated to USA, and Germany. See also *Kanva Shakha {{Hindu scriptures Kāṇva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varkari
Warkari ( ; Marathi: ; Pronunciation: ; Meaning: 'The one who performs the ''Wari''') is a sampradaya (religious movement) within the bhakti spiritual tradition of Hinduism, geographically associated with the Indian state of Maharashtra. Warkaris worship Vitthal (also known as Vithoba), the presiding deity of Pandharpur, regarded as a form of Vishnu. Saints and gurus of the bhakti movement associated with the Warkaris include Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Chokhamela, Eknath, and Tukaram all of whom are accorded the title of Sant. Recent research has suggested that the Varkaris were historically the followers of Krishna. Vittala is also another name for Krishna. Krishna is referenced as Vittala in most Bhakthi songs of Purandara Dasa and other Bhakti Saints. Influence The Warkari tradition has been part of Hindu culture in Maharashtra since the thirteenth-century CE, when it formed as a ''panth'' (community of people with shared spiritual beliefs and practices) during the Bhakti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karhade
Karhaḍe Brahmins (also spelled as Karada Brahmins or Karad Brahmins) are a Hindu Brahmin sub-caste mainly from the Indian state of Maharashtra, but are also distributed in states of Goa, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. Based on Veda and Vedanta Karhade Brahmins are essentially Rigvedi Brahmins who follow the Ashwalayana Sutra and belong to Shakala Shakha. Karhade Brahmins are divided into two groups based on the Vedanta they follow, the first of which follows the Advaita Vedanta of Adi Shankara and the second of which follows the Dvaita Vedanta of Madhvacharya. Hence, Karhade Brahmins have both Smarthas and Madhvas (also known as ''Bhagvats'' or Vaishnavas) among them. Like their Deshastha counterparts, traditionally the karhade allowed cross-cousin marriages. ;Sub-division and other claims There are three divisions of Karhade Brahmins - Karhade (from Desh), Padye and Bhatt Prabhu (from Konkan). "Padhye" was a further division of "Padye" - and were Khots or farmers. Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konkanastha
The Chitpavan Brahmin or the Kokanastha Brahmin is a Hindu Maharashtrian Brahmin community inhabiting Konkan, the coastal region of the state of Maharashtra. Initially working as messengers and spies in the late seventeenth century, the community came into prominence during the 18th century when the heirs of Peshwa from the Bhat family of Balaji Vishwanath became the de facto rulers of the Maratha empire. Until the 18th century, the Chitpavans were held in low esteem by the Deshastha, the older established Brahmin community of Karnataka-Maharashtra region. As per Jayant Lele, the influence of the Chitpavans in the Peshwa era as well as the British era has been greatly exaggerated because even during the time of the most prominent Peshwas, their political legitimacy and their intentions were not trusted by all levels of the administration, not even by Shivaji's successors. He adds that after the defeat of Peshwas in the Anglo-Maratha wars, Chitpavans were one of the Hindu commun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
