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Pampanga Battalion
The Pampanga Battalion was a military unit within the Philippine Republican Army, composed of enlisted Filipino soldiers mainly from Bacolor, Pampanga. It was stationed in the Fourth Zone of Manila in early 1899, under the command of General Pantaleon Garcia and Colonel Enrique Pacheco and saw action in the Battle of Manila in 1899. Elements of the battalion were also involved in the First and Second Battle of Caloocan The Second Battle of Caloocan (, ), alternately called the Second Battle of Manila, was fought from February 22 to 24, 1899, in Caloocan during the Philippine–American War. The battle featured a Filipino counterattack aimed at gaining Manil .... References Philippine–American War History of Pampanga {{Philippines-mil-unit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Revolutionary Army
The Philippine Revolutionary Army ( Spanish: ; ), later renamed Philippine Republican Army, was the army of the First Philippine Republic from its formation in March 1897 to its dissolution in November of 1899 in favor of guerrilla operations in the Philippine–American War. History The revolutionary army used the 1896 edition of the Spanish regular army's ''Ordenanza del Ejército'' to organize its forces and establish its character as a modern army. Rules and regulations were laid down for the reorganization of the army, along with the regulation of ranks and the adoption of new fighting methods, new rank insignias, and a new standard uniform known as the '' rayadillo''. Filipino artist Juan Luna is credited with this design. Juan Luna also designed the collar insignia for the uniforms, distinguishing between the services: infantry, cavalry, artillery, sappers, and medics. His brother, General Antonio Luna commissioned him with the task and personally paid for the new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacolor
Bacolor, officially the Municipality of Bacolor (; ), is a municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 48,066 people. Bacolor is the birthplace of Father Anselmo Jorge de Fajardo, considered the "Father of Kapampangan literature" for writing the 1831 Kapampangan " kumidya" ''Don Gonzalo de Cordova''. History Spanish Colonial Era Historical records show that Bacolor has been in existence as a proposed settlement as early as 1571, the same year Manila was founded by the Spanish. The original name of the settlement was ''Bakúlud'', which became Hispanicized as "Bacolor" (cf. Bacolod and Bacoor). The original name is Kapampangan for "high level rocky place" or "plateau." Bacolor officially became the capital of Pampanga in 1755. According to Spanish chronicler Fray Gaspar de San Agustin, before 1755, Mexico town “es la corte de Pampanga,” while Bacolor “es la capital” and Guagua “es igualmente.” Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantaleon Garcia
Pantaleon (, ''Pantaléōn'') was a Greek king who reigned some time between 190 and 180 BC in Bactria and India. He was a younger contemporary or successor of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius, and is sometimes believed to have been his brother and/or subking. The scarcity of his coinage indicates a short reign. Known evidence suggests that he was replaced by his (probable) brother or son Agathocles, by whom he was commemorated on a "pedigree" coin. Copper-nickel coinage Some of his coins (as well as those of Agathocles and Euthydemus II) have another surprising characteristic: they are made of copper-nickel alloy, a technology that would not be developed in the West until the 18th century (some 1,890 years later), but was known by the Chinese at the time. This suggests that exchanges of the metallic alloy or technicians happened between China and the region of Bactria. Bilingual Indian-standard coinage He was the first Greek king to strike Indian coins, peculiar irregular bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Pacheco
Enrique () is the Spanish variant of the given name Heinrich of Germanic origin. Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Enric (Catalan), Enrico (Italian), Henrik (Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian), Heinrich (German), Hendrik, Henk (Dutch), Henri (French), and Henrique (Portuguese). Common nicknames of Enrique are Kiki, Kiko, Kike, Rick, Ricky, and Quique. Enrique is also a surname. A variant surname is '' Enriquez'' (son of Enrique). Notable people with the name include: Given name * Enrique of Malacca (fl. 1511–1521), Malay slave who may have been the first person to travel around the world * Enrique Aguirre (born 1979), Argentine athlete * Enrique Álvarez Félix (1934–1996), Mexican actor * Enrique Bátiz (1942–2025), Mexican conductor and concert pianist * Enrique Bolaños (1928–2021), President of Nicaragua from 2002 to 2007 * Enrique Bunbury (born 1967), Spanish singer and band member of Heroes Del Silencio * Enrique Campos (born 1961), Venezuelan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Manila (1899)
The Battle of Manila (Filipino language, Filipino: ''Labanan sa Maynila''; ), the first and largest battle of the Philippine–American War, was fought on February 4–5, 1899, between 19,000 United States military, American soldiers and 15,000 First Philippine Republic, Filipino armed militiamen. Armed conflict broke out when American troops, under orders to turn away insurgents from their encampment, fired upon an encroaching group of Filipinos. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo attempted to broker a ceasefire, but American General Elwell Stephen Otis rejected it, and fighting escalated the next day. It ended in an American victory, although minor skirmishes continued for several days afterward. Order of battle Filipino Philippine Revolutionary Army, Philippine Republican Army – Generalissimo, General Emilio Aguinaldo * Chief-of-Operations: Captain general, General Antonio Luna U.S. Eighth Army Corps (Spanish–American War), Eighth Army Corps – Major General El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Caloocan
The Battle of Caloocan was one of the opening engagements of the Philippine–American War, and was fought between an American force under the command of Arthur MacArthur Jr. and Filipino defenders led by Antonio Luna in February 1899. American troops launched a successful attack on the Filipino-held settlement of Caloocan on February 10, which was part of an offensive planned by MacArthur Jr. Occurring a few days after an American victory near Manila on February 4–5, the engagement once again demonstrated the military superiority that American forces held over the Philippine Republican Army. However, it was not the decisive strike that MacArthur had hoped for, and the war continued for another three years. From 1896 to 1898, Filipino revolutionaries led by the Katipunan waged the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Despite providing assistance to the revolutionaries, the United States decided to annex the Philippines in the 1898 Treaty of Paris. On Februa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Battle Of Caloocan
The Second Battle of Caloocan (, ), alternately called the Second Battle of Manila, was fought from February 22 to 24, 1899, in Caloocan during the Philippine–American War. The battle featured a Filipino counterattack aimed at gaining Manila from the Americans. This counterattack failed to regain Manila mainly because of lack of coordination among Filipino units and lack of artillery support. Background The Philippine–American War began on February 4, 1899, with the culmination of the Battle of Manila (1899), Battle of Manila. Later, on February 10, Filipino forces regrouped in Caloocan and fought again with the American forces at the first Battle of Caloocan. The Americans won both engagements, but then Elwell S. Otis had Arthur MacArthur, Jr. wait before attacking Malolos.Linn, B.M., 2000, The Philippine War, 1899–1902, Lawrence:University Press of Kansas, Noticing that the Americans had halted their offensive to reorganize, the Filipino forces, now under the command ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine–American War
The Philippine–American War, known alternatively as the Philippine Insurrection, Filipino–American War, or Tagalog Insurgency, emerged following the conclusion of the Spanish–American War in December 1898 when the United States annexed the Philippine Islands under the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris. Philippine nationalists constituted the First Philippine Republic in January 1899, seven months after signing the Philippine Declaration of Independence. The United States did not recognize either event as legitimate, and tensions escalated until fighting commenced on February 4, 1899, in the Battle of Manila (1899), Battle of Manila. Shortly after being denied a request for an armistice, the Philippine Council of Government issued a proclamation on June 2, 1899, urging the people to continue the war. Philippine forces initially attempted to engage U.S. forces conventionally but transitioned to guerrilla tactics by November 1899. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
