|
Paman Languages
The Paman languages are an Australian language family spoken on Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. First noted by Kenneth Hale, Paman is noteworthy for the profound phonological changes which have affected some of its descendants. Classification Various classifications of the Paman languages exist. The one outlined below is that of R. M. W. Dixon, though he does not accept that these branches are necessarily related to each other.See Dixon (2002), pp. xxx–xlii. Geographically, running down the east coast, they are: * North Cape York ** Northern Paman ** Umpila * Umbindhamu *Lamalamic ** Umbuygamu ** Lamu-Lamu * Yalgawarra *Yalanjic ** Guugu Yimithirr ** Guugu Yalandji ** Barrow Point (>> Wik?) * Mbariman-Gudhinma * Djabugay Down the west coast, they are: * North Cape York **Northern Paman ** Wik * Southwestern **Upper Southwest Paman *** Kuuk Thaayorre *** Kuuk Yak *** Kunjen (incl. Ogh Undjan) **Yir-Yoront The Yir-Yoront, also known as the Yir Yiront, ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape York Peninsula
The Cape York Peninsula is a peninsula located in Far North Queensland, Australia. It is the largest wilderness in northern Australia.Mittermeier, R.E. et al. (2002). Wilderness: Earth's last wild places. Mexico City: Agrupación Sierra Madre, S.C. The land is mostly flat and about half of the area is used for grazing cattle. The relatively undisturbed eucalyptus-wooded savannahs, tropical rainforests and other types of habitat are now recognised and preserved for their global environmental significance. Although much of the peninsula remains pristine, with a diverse repertoire of endemic flora and fauna, some of its wildlife may be threatened by industry and overgrazing as well as introduced species and weeds.Mackey, B. G., Nix, H., & Hitchcock, P. (2001). The natural heritage significance of Cape York Peninsula. Retrieved 15 January 2008, froepa.qld.gov.au. The northernmost point of the peninsula is Cape York (Queensland), Cape York. The land has been occupied by a number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barrow Point Language
The Barrow Point or Mutumui language, called ''Eibole'', is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language. According to Wurm and Hattori (1981), there was one speaker left at the time. Classification The language has one dialect in the north called Ongwara. Phonology Unusually among Australian languages, Barrow Point had at least two fricative phoneme A phoneme () is any set of similar Phone (phonetics), speech sounds that are perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single basic sound—a smallest possible Phonetics, phonetic unit—that helps distinguish one word fr ...s, and . They usually developed from and , respectively, when preceded by a stressed long vowel, which then shortened. References * Further reading * John Haviland and Roger Hart'Old Man Fog and the Last Aborigines of Barrow Point , a novel about the efforts of Hart, a native of the Cape York peninsula, to record and preserve Barrow Point language and culture. Paman languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurtjar Language
Gurdjar (Kurtjar) is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl .... There are two dialects, Gurdjar proper (Gunggara, Kunggara), and Rip (Ngarap, Areba). According to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, the language is classified as extinct. Phonology Consonants Vowels Kurtjar also has a diphthong /ua/. References {{Pama–Nyungan languages, Paman Paman languages Extinct languages of Queensland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kok-Nar Language
Kok Narr (Kok-Nar) is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. Country Ancestral Koknar(Kwantari) territory is estimated to cover and extended from Galbraith Station and the northern bank of the lower Staaten River inland to Old Koolatah, north to Inkerman Inkerman (; ; ) is a city in the Crimean peninsula. It is '' de facto'' within the federal city of Sevastopol within the Russian Federation, but ''de jure'' within the Autonomous Republic of Crimea within Ukraine. It lies 5 kilometres (3 miles ... and the middle of the Nassau River. Phonology Consonants * /ɻ/ may also be heard as a lateral in word-initial positions. Vowels * may be heard as an allophone of /i/ when after sounds /ɾ, r, j/. References Sources * {{Pama–Nyungan languages, Paman Paman languages Extinct languages of Queensland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gugu Dhaw Language
Kok Thawa (Kok Thaw, Gugu Dhaw), also known as ''Koko Petitj, Uw Inhal,'' or ''Ogh Injigharr'', is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ....RMW Dixon (2002), ''Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development'', p xxxii References Southwestern Paman languages Indigenous Australian languages in Queensland {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koko-Bera Language
Gugubera (Koko Pera), or Kok-Kaper, is a Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ... Phonology Consonants Vowels References External links * Paradisec open accescollection of vocabularyin Gugubera. * Paradisec open accescollection of recordingsin several languages including Gugubera. * Paradisecbr>collection of recordingsin Gugubera. Southwestern Paman languages Endangered indigenous Australian languages in Queensland Severely endangered languages {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yirrk-Thangalkl Dialect
Yirrk-Thangalkl (Yir Thangedl) is a dialect of Yir-Yoront, a Paman language spoken on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Yirrk-Thangalkl people. The language is also known as ''Yirr-Thangell'' and ''Yirrk-Mel''. During the early 1900s (decade), Yirrk-Thangalkl speakers started shifting to the Yir-Yoront dialect with the arrival of the Mitchell River Mission. Phonology Consonants Yirrk-Thangalkl has 16 consonants. The inventory is the same as that of Yir-Yoront, except that Yirrk-Thangalkl lacks the retroflex A retroflex () or cacuminal () consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consona ... and glottal consonants and . References Southwestern Paman languages Extinct languages of Queensland {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yir-Yoront Language
Yir-Yoront was a Paman language spoken in two settlements, Kowanyama and Pormpuraaw on the southwestern part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia, by the Yir-Yoront people. In 1991 only 15 speakers remained, with the rest of the Yir-Yoront people speaking English or even Kuuk Thaayorre as many speakers of Yir-Yoront apparently are using Kuuk Thaayorre in daily conversation. At present it is thought to be extinct.Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version: http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas There are two sister dialects, Yir-Yoront proper and Yirrk-Thangalkl, which are very close. The shared name Yir is sometimes used for both taken together. Names The first part of both of the name, ''Yir'', is from the word ''yirrq'' meaning ''speech'' or ''language''. Following is the ethnonym. Yir-Yoront is written hyphenated as a way of indicating that the syl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunjen Language
Kunjen, or Uw, is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia, by the Uw Oykangand, Olkola, and related Aboriginal Australian peoples. It is closely related to Kuuk Thaayorre, and perhaps Kuuk Yak. Dialects Two of its dialects, Uw Olkola (Olgolo) and Uw Oykangand (Koko Wanggara), are very close, being mutually intelligible and sharing 97% of their core vocabulary. Another two, Ogh-Undjan and Kawarrangg, are also close, but somewhat more distant from the first pair. Kokinj (Kokiny) is a subdialect of Ogh-Undjan. A fifth variety, Athima, is poorly attested. Below is a table showing the mutual intelligibility in vocabulary between the Kunjen dialects, based on a list of 100 basic words. A small dictionary of Kunjen has been compiled by Philip Hamilton. A great majority of words begin with a vowel (>96%), similar to the situation in distantly-related Arrernte. Exceptions include kinship terms and loanwords. Syllable onsets are thought t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuuk Yak Language
Kuuk Yak, or the snake language, if translated literally, is an extinct Paman language which was spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. Very little is known about the language, but a small number of people in the settlement Pormpuraaw are able to remember bits of the language. Barry Alpher is currently trying to collect all these pieces and fragments of information for his lexicon and grammar of the language, and in order to understand the genetic classification of the language, which had once been thought to perhaps be a dialect of the Kuuk Thaayorre language Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman languages, Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw, Queensland, Pormpuraaw on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia by the Thaayorre people. As of 2006, 250 of the 350 .... Notes Southwestern Paman languages Extinct languages of Queensland {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuuk Thaayorre Language
Kuuk Thaayorre (Thayore) is a Paman languages, Paman language spoken in the settlement Pormpuraaw, Queensland, Pormpuraaw on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland in Australia by the Thaayorre people. As of 2006, 250 of the 350 ethnic Thaayorre spoke the language. It is in a Australian_Aboriginal_languages#Survival, robust position compared to many indigenous Australian languages, as it is still being acquired by children and used in daily interaction. It is closely related to the Ogh-Undjan language, Ogh-Undjan and more distantly related to the Uw languages, Uw Olkola language, Uw Olkola. Kuuk Yak language, Kuuk Yak is either a dialect or closely related. Speakers of the Kuuk Thaayorre language are able to recall the names of a couple of dialects, such as ''Kuuk Thaayunth'', ''Kuuk Thayem'' and ''Kuuk Thanon'', but today there is only little dialectal difference and the language has become more uniform as the number of speakers has gone down. The so-called Kuu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Paman Languages
The Southwestern Paman languages are a family of the Paman languages spoken on the western part of the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. Alpher (1972) accepts Southwestern Pama as a valid node; the classification below is his. R. M. W. Dixon, on the other hand, only accepts a connections between pairs of languages: Yir, as two dialects of a single language, and Koko Bera with Kok Thawa. * Southwestern Paman ** Upper Southwest Pama *** Kuuk Thaayorre *** Kuuk Yak *** **** Kunjen (Oykangand) **** Ogh-Undjan (Kawarrangg) ** Coastal Southwest Pama *** Yir-Yoront The Yir-Yoront, also known as the Yir Yiront, are an Indigenous Australian people of the Cape York Peninsula now living mostly in Kowanyama (''kawn yamar'' or 'many waters') but also in Lirrqar/Pormpuraaw, both towns outside their traditiona ... ( Yirrk-Thangalkl) *** Koko Pera **** Koko-Bera **** Kok Thawa Bowern (2011) also lists the extinct Kokiny and Kok-Papángk. References In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
