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Paleolithic Religion
Paleolithic religions are a set of spiritual beliefs and practices that are theorized to have appeared during the Paleolithic time period. Paleoanthropologists Andre Leroi-Gourhan and Annette Michelson believe unmistakably religious behavior emerged by the Upper Paleolithic, before 30,000 years ago at the latest,Andre Leroi-Gourhan and Annette Michelson, "The Religion of the Caves: Magic or Metaphysics?", ''The MIT Press'', Vol, 37, October 1986, pp. 6–17. "cave art born 30,000 years before our era ... would appear to have developed simultaneously with the first explicit manifestations of concern with the supernatural." (p. 6) but behavioral patterns such as burial rites that one might characterize as religious — or as ancestral to religious behavior — reach back into the Middle Paleolithic, as early as 300,000 years ago, coinciding with the first appearance of ''Homo neanderthalensis'' and possibly ''Homo naledi''. Religious behavior is one of the hallmarks of behavio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabillou Sorcier
Gabillou (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Dordogne Departments of France, department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. Population See also *Communes of the Dordogne department References Communes of Dordogne {{SarlatlaCanéda-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australopithecus Sediba (Fundort Malapa)
''Australopithecus sediba'' is an extinct species of australopithecine recovered from Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind, Malapa Cave, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa. It is known from a partial juvenile skeleton, the holotype MH1, and a partial adult female skeleton, the paratype MH2. They date to about 1.98 million years ago in the Early Pleistocene, and coexisted with ''Paranthropus robustus'' and ''Homo ergaster'' / ''Homo erectus''. Malapa Cave may have been a natural death trap, the base of a long vertical shaft which creatures could accidentally fall into. ''A. sediba'' was initially described as being a potential human ancestor, and perhaps the progenitor of ''Homo'', but this is contested and it could also represent a late-surviving population or sister taxa, sister species of ''Australopithecus africanus, A. africanus'' which had earlier inhabited the area. MH1 has a brain volume of about 350–440 cc, similar to other australopithecines. The face of MH1 is strik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scoria
Scoria or cinder is a pyroclastic, highly vesicular, dark-colored volcanic rock formed by ejection from a volcano as a molten blob and cooled in the air to form discrete grains called clasts.Neuendorf, K.K.E., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, eds. (2005) ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia, American Geological Institute. 779 pp. It is typically dark in color (brown, black or purplish-red), and basaltic or andesitic in composition. Scoria has relatively low density, as it is riddled with macroscopic ellipsoidal vesicles (gas bubbles), but in contrast to pumice, scoria always has a specific gravity greater than 1 and sinks in water. Scoria may form as part of a lava flow, typically near its surface, or as fragmental ejecta ( lapilli, blocks, and bombs), for instance in Strombolian eruptions that form steep-sided scoria cones, also called cinder cones. Scoria's holes or vesicles form when gases dissolved in the original magma come out of solution as it er ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fetishism
A fetish is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent non-material value, or powers, to an object. Talismans and amulets are related. Fetishes are often used in spiritual or religious context. Historiography The word ''fetish'' derives from the French , which comes from the Portuguese ("spell"), which in turn derives from the Latin ("artificial") and ("to make"). The term ''fetish'' has evolved from an idiom used to describe a type of object created in the interaction between European travelers and Native West Africans in the early modern period to an analytical term that played a central role in the perception and study of non-Western art in general and African art in particular. William Pietz, who, in 1994, conducted an extensive ethno-historical study of the fetish, argues that the term originated in the coast of West Africa during the sixteenth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venus Figurine
A Venus figurine is any Upper Palaeolithic statue portraying a woman, usually carved in the round.Fagan, Brian M., Beck, Charlotte, "Venus Figurines", beliefs '' The Oxford Companion to Archaeology'', 1996, Oxford University Press, pp. 740–741 Most have been unearthed in Europe, but others have been found as far away as Siberia and distributed across much of Eurasia. Most date from the Gravettian period (26,000–21,000 years ago). However, findings are not limited to this period; for example, the Venus of Hohle Fels dates back at least 35,000 years to the Aurignacian era, and the Venus of Monruz dates back about 11,000 years to the Magdalenian. Such figurines were carved from soft stone (such as steatite, calcite or limestone), bone or ivory, or formed of clay and fired. The latter are among the oldest ceramics known to historians. In total, over 200 such figurines are known; virtually all of modest size, between about in height.Fagan, 740 These figurines are recognised a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venus Of Berekhat Ram
The Venus of Berekhat Ram (280,000–250,000 BP) is a pebble found at Berekhat Ram on the Golan Heights. The pebble has been modified by early humans and is suggested to represent a female human figure. Description The object was excavated and first described by Naama Goren-Inbar from the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The artifact is a scoria pebble, 35 mm long, 25 mm wide, and 21 mm thick. It weighs approximately 10 g. It was excavated in 1981 at the Acheulian site of Berekhat Ram, Golan Heights. The object is dated 280,000 to 250,000 BP. Goren-Inbar reported several artificial grooves on the object: one is a transversal groove in the upper third, others are longitudinal grooves on the sides below the transversal groove. Alexander Marshack performed a microscopic study of the object in 1997. He also reported artificial modifications including the transversal and longitudinal grooves found by Goren-Inbar. Finally, Francesco d'Errico and Apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sima De Los Huesos
The Sima de los Huesos hominins are a 430,000 year old population of "pre-Neanderthals" from the archaeological site of Atapuerca, archeological site of Atapuerca, Spain. They are in the "Neanderthal clade", but fall outside of ''Homo neanderthalensis''. When first published in 1993, these 29 individuals represented about 80% of the Middle Pleistocene human fossil record, and they preserve every bone in the human body. The unprecedented completeness of the remains sheds light on Neanderthal evolution, the classification of contemporary fossils, and the range of variation that could exist in a single Middle Pleistocene population. Exhumation of the Sima de los Huesos hominins began in the 1980s, under the direction of Emiliano Aguirre, and later Juan Luis Arsuaga, Eudald Carbonell, and José María Bermúdez de Castro. As a pre-Neanderthal population, the Sima de los Huesos hominins display a mosaic of classic Neanderthal traits (apomorphy and synapomorphy, apomorphies) as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homo Heidelbergensis
''Homo heidelbergensis'' is a species of archaic human from the Middle Pleistocene of Europe and Africa, as well as potentially Asia depending on the taxonomic convention used. The species-level classification of ''Homo'' during the Middle Pleistocene is controversial, called the "muddle in the middle", owing to the wide anatomical range of variation that populations exhibited during this time. ''H. heidelbergensis'' has been regarded as either the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans; or as a completely separate lineage. ''H. heidelbergensis'' was species description, described by German anthropologist Otto Schoetensack in 1908 based on a jawbone, Mauer 1, from a sand mining, sand pit near the village of Mauer (Baden), Mauer — southeast of Heidelberg. It was the oldest identified human fossil in Europe, and Schoetensack described it as an antediluvian race (before the Great Flood) which would eventually evolve into living Europeans. By the mid-2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kit W
Kit may refer to: People and fictional characters * Kit (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name or nickname * Kit (surname), a list of people Places * Kit, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province * Kit Hill, Cornwall, England Animals * Young animals: ** A short form of kitten, a young cat ** A beaver ** A ferret ** A fox ** A mink ** A rabbit ** A raccoon ** A skunk ** A squirrel ** A wolverine * Old collective noun for a group of pigeons flying together Sporting attire and equipment * Kit (association football) * Kit (cycling) * Kit (rugby football) Other uses * List of storms named Kit, various cyclones * Kit (of components) * Kit lens, a low-end SLR camera lens * Kit Mountain, a mountain in Texas * Kit violin or kit, a small stringed musical instrument * ''Whale'' (film) (), a 1970 Bulgarian comedy film * Russian submarine ''Kit'', an Imperial Russian Navy submarine launched in 1915 See also * * * KIT (other) * Kits (disam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadar, Ethiopia
Hadar or Hadar Formation (also spelled ''Qad daqar'', ''Qadaqar''; Afar language, Afar "white [''qidi''] stream [''daqar'']")Jon Kalb ''Adventures in the Bone Trade'' (New York: Copernicus Books, 2001), p. 83 is a paleontological fossil site located in Mille (woreda), Mille district, Administrative Zone 1 (Afar), Administrative Zone 1 of the Afar Region, Ethiopia, 15 km upstream (west) of the Transport in Ethiopia#Roads, A1 road's bridge across the Awash River (Adayitu kebele). It is situated on the southern edge of the Afar Triangle (part of East Africa's Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia, Great Rift Valley), along the left banks of the Awash River, between two minor tributaries, the eponymous Kada Hadar and the Gona, Ethiopia, Kada Gona. In 1972, Taieb organized a small exploratory reconnaissance of the Afar region to investigate more paleontological finds there. After six weeks of exploration, the party focused on the Hadar site. The site has yielded some of the most well-kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australopithecus Afarensis
''Australopithecus afarensis'' is an extinct species of australopithecine which lived from about 3.9–2.9 million years ago (mya) in the Pliocene of East Africa. The first fossils were discovered in the 1930s, but major fossil finds would not take place until the 1970s. From 1972 to 1977, the International Afar Research Expedition—led by anthropologists Maurice Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens—unearthed several hundreds of hominin specimens in Hadar, Ethiopia, Hadar, Ethiopia, the most significant being the exceedingly well-preserved skeleton AL 288-1 ("Lucy (Australopithecus), Lucy") and the site AL 333 ("the First Family"). Beginning in 1974, Mary Leakey led an expedition into Laetoli, Tanzania, and notably recovered fossil trackways. In 1978, the species was first species description, described, but this was followed by arguments for splitting the wealth of specimens into different species given the wide range of variation which had been attributed to sexual dimorphi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AL 333
AL 333, commonly referred to as the "First Family", is a collection of prehistoric hominid teeth and bones. Discovered in 1975 by Donald Johanson's team in Hadar, Ethiopia, the "First Family" is estimated to be about 3.2 million years old and consists of the remains of at least thirteen individuals of different ages. They are generally thought to be members of the species ''Australopithecus afarensis.'' There are multiple theories about the hominids' cause of death and some debate over their species and sexual dimorphism. Discovery In the late 1960s, French paleoanthropologist Maurice Taieb began geological exploration of the Afar Triangle, a relatively unexplored area in northern Ethiopia. Also known as the Danakil Depression, this triangular region contains the lowest point in Ethiopia and one of the lowest in Africa. In 1972, Taieb invited Yves Coppens, a French paleontologist, Jon Kalb, an American geologist, and Donald Johanson, an American anthropologist, to survey the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
