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Palant
''Palant'' is a Polish bat-and-ball game, similar to American baseball, played by using a solid wooden bat and rubber balls. Similar games are German '' Schlagball'', Russian '' lapta'' and Romanian ''oină''. In the United States In his book '' God's Playground'', Norman Davies suggests that baseball may have developed from ''Palant'' as played by the first Polish immigrants, such as the Jamestown Polish craftsmen, who arrived in October 1608 on the emigrant ship ''Mary and Margaret'', which brought the first Polish settlers into Jamestown, Virginia. According to Davies, those Polish artisans were said to be responsible for the continent's first industrial strike, and in the game of ''Palant'', for the invention of Baseball. However, many Native American people played a similar game well before the arrival in the Americas of European people, as recorded in Cherokee The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the Unite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bat-and-ball Games
Bat-and-ball games, or safe haven games, are playing field, field games played by two opposing teams. Action starts when the defending team throws a ball at a dedicated player of the attacking team, who tries to hit it with a bat and then run between various safe areas in the field to score runs (points). The defending team can use the ball in various ways against the attacking team's players to force them off the field ("get them out") when they are not in safe zones, and thus prevent them from further scoring. The best known modern bat-and-ball games are cricket and baseball, with common roots in the 18th-century games played in England. The teams alternate between "batting" (offensive role), sometimes called "in at bat" or simply ''in'', and "fielding" (defensive role), also called "out in the field" or ''out''. Only the batting team may score, but teams have equal opportunities in both roles. The game is counted rather than timed. The action starts when a player on the fieldin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamestown Polish Craftsmen
The Polish craftsmen in the Jamestown Colony first arrived in 1608 to serve in essential industries in the New World. They are generally considered the first Polish Americans. History The first Polish immigrants came to the Jamestown colony in October, 1608, during the " second supply", twelve years before the Pilgrims arrived in Massachusetts.Richmond, ''From Da to Yes'', p. 72 These early settlers were brought as skilled artisans by the English soldier–adventurer Captain John Smith, and included a glass blower, a pitch and tar maker, a soap maker and a timberman. English writer Richard Hakluyt wrote in 1586 that colonization would require "men skillful in burning of Sope ashes, and in making of Pitch and Tarre, and Rosen, to be fetched out of Prussia and Poland, which are thence to be had for small wages, being there in manner of slaves." John Smith traveled from England to Poland in 1603 to find artisans for his voyage to America. There were six Polish men that traveled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Team Sport
A team sport is a type of sport where the fundamental nature of the game or sport requires the participation of multiple individuals working together as a team, and it is inherently impossible or highly impractical to execute the sport as a single-player endeavour. In team sports, the cooperative effort of team members is essential for the sport to function and achieve its objectives. The objective often involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar bob in accordance with a set of rules in order to score points. Examples are basketball, volleyball, Rugby football, rugby, water polo, handball, lacrosse, cricket, baseball, and the various forms of football and hockey. These sports emphasize teamwork, strategy, and coordination among team members while competing against opposing teams to achieve a common goal. Team sports do not include individual or individual-to-team events within a sport. Distinctions The meaning of a "team sport" has been disputed in recen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west. The territory has a varied landscape, diverse ecosystems, and a temperate climate. Poland is composed of Voivodeships of Poland, sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with over 38 million people, and the List of European countries by area, fifth largest EU country by area, covering . The capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city is Warsaw; other major cities include Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk. Prehistory and protohistory of Poland, Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball sport played between two team sport, teams of nine players each, taking turns batting (baseball), batting and Fielding (baseball), fielding. The game occurs over the course of several Pitch (baseball), plays, with each play beginning when a player on the fielding team (baseball), fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a Baseball (ball), ball that a player on the batting team (baseball), batting team, called the Batter (baseball), batter, tries to hit with a baseball bat, bat. The objective of the offensive team (batting team) is to hit the ball into the field of play, away from the other team's players, allowing its players to run the Base (baseball), bases, having them advance counter-clockwise around four bases to score what are called "Run (baseball), runs". The objective of the defensive team (referred to as the fielding team) is to prevent batters from becoming Base running, runners, and to prevent runners base running ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schlagball
Schlagball () is a German bat-and-ball game that was popular up until the 1950s in Germany. Rules Two teams of 12 players contest the right to bat or field. The batting team tries to score by hitting the ball, which is thrown up by themselves, and running between the batting crease and two touch posts to score runs (unlike cricket, one must make a full trip back-and-forth to score a point, rather than simply going from one of the places to the other). The fielding team may end the batting team's inning by either throwing the ball at one of the batting team's runners (known as "plugging" or "soaking", as in early forms of baseball.https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ruletown.shtml "Town Ball is a direct descendant of the British game of rounders. It was played in the United States as far back as the early 1800s and is considered a stepping stone towards modern baseball." "Basetenders (infielders) and scouts (outfielders) recorded outs by plugging or soaking runners — a term used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapta (game)
Lapta () is a Russian folk game of the bat-and-ball type,Лапта // Большая Советская Энциклопедия / под ред. А. М. Прохорова. 3-е изд. Том 14. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1973 first known to be played in the 14th century. History Lapta is documented as early as the 14th century; mentions of lapta have been found in medieval manuscripts, and balls and bats were found in the 14th-century layers during excavations in Novgorod. Peter the Great encouraged his elite guard to play lapta for physical training. Russian national values were ascribed to the game in modern times, with writer Aleksandr I. Kuprin having praised the game for qualities such as loyalty, accuracy, speed and strength skills, as well as resourcefulness. During the Soviet period, the sport, along with other traditional sports such as '' gorodki'', was promoted and attempts were made to develop them into modern sports of a Soviet t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oină
''Oină'' () is a Romanian traditional Bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball game, similar in many ways to baseball. History The name "oină" was originally "hoina", and is derived from the Cuman language, Cuman word ''oyn'' "game" (a cognate of the Turkish ''wikt:oyun, oyun''). The oldest direct mention comes from a diet manual of 1782 by medic István Mátyus, who talks about the health benefits of oina. However, it may have been attested as early as in 1364, during the reign of Vladislav I of Wallachia, Vladislav, the Wallachian voivode. In 1899, Spiru Haret, the Romanian minister of education, decided that oină was to be played in schools in physical education classes. He organized the first annual oină competitions. The Romanian Oină Federation (''Federația Română de Oină'') was founded in 1932 and was reactivated at the beginning of the 1950s, after a brief period when it was dissolved. Today, there are two oină federations: one in Bucharest, Romania and another one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
God's Playground
''God's Playground: A History of Poland'' is a history book in two volumes written by Norman Davies, covering a 1000-year history of Poland. Volume 1: ''The origins to 1795'', and Volume 2: ''1795 to the present'' first appeared as the Oxford Clarendon Press publication in 1981 and have since been reprinted in multiple times, and translated into Polish as ''Boże igrzysko : Historia Polski'' by Elżbieta Tabakowska (2 volumes in 1, with 1183 pages by Znak Publishers of Kraków). Davies was inspired to the title by Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who wrote in Latin and Polish and established poetic patterns that would become integral to Polish literary language. He has been called the greatest Polish poet before ...'s 1580s poem ''Boże igrzysko'' ("Mankind: Bauble of the Gods"). The book, which most editions split into two volumes, has received favourable reviews in the international press, and is considered by man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Davies
Ivor Norman Richard Davies (born 8 June 1939) is a British and Polish historian, known for his publications on the history of Europe, Poland and the United Kingdom. He has a special interest in Central and Eastern Europe and is UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University, professor emeritus at University College London, a visiting professor at the Collège d'Europe, and an honorary fellow at St Antony's College, Oxford. He was granted Polish citizenship in 2014. Academic career Davies was born to Richard and Elizabeth Davies in Bolton, Lancashire. He is of Welsh descent. He studied in Grenoble, France, from 1957 to 1958 and then under A. J. P. Taylor at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he earned a BA in history in 1962. He was awarded an MA at the University of Sussex in 1966 and also studied in Perugia, Italy. Davies intended to study for a PhD in the Soviet Union but was denied an entry visa, so he went to Kraków, Poland, instead. Davies studied at the Jagiellon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas
In the Americas, Indigenous peoples comprise the two continents' pre-Columbian inhabitants, as well as the ethnic groups that identify with them in the 15th century, as well as the ethnic groups that identify with the pre-Columbian population of the Americas as such. These populations exhibit significant diversity; some Indigenous peoples were historically hunter-gatherers, while others practiced agriculture and aquaculture. Various Indigenous societies developed complex social structures, including pre-contact monumental architecture, organized city, cities, city-states, chiefdoms, state (polity), states, monarchy, kingdoms, republics, confederation, confederacies, and empires. These societies possessed varying levels of knowledge in fields such as Pre-Columbian engineering in the Americas, engineering, Pre-Columbian architecture, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, History of writing, writing, physics, medicine, Pre-Columbian agriculture, agriculture, irrigation, geology, minin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cherokee
The Cherokee (; , or ) people are one of the Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands of the United States. Prior to the 18th century, they were concentrated in their homelands, in towns along river valleys of what is now southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, southwestern Virginia, edges of western South Carolina, northern Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia and northeastern Alabama with hunting grounds in Kentucky, together consisting of around 40,000 square miles. The Cherokee language is part of the Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian language group. In the 19th century, James Mooney, an early American Ethnography, ethnographer, recorded one oral tradition that told of the Tribe (Native American), tribe having migrated south in ancient times from the Great Lakes region, where other Iroquoian Peoples, Iroquoian peoples have been based. However, anthropologist Thomas R. Whyte, writing in 2007, dated the split among the peoples as occurring earlier. He believes that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
