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Pakistani Missile Research And Development Program
The Hatf Program () was a classified program by the Ministry of Defence Pakistan, Ministry of Defence (MoD) of Pakistan for the comprehensive research and development of Missile, guided missiles. Initiatives began in 1986-87 and received support from Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in direct response to India's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, equivalent program in 1989. The ''Hatf program'' was run by the Ministry of Defence Pakistan, Ministry of Defence, although policy guidance came directly from the Pakistan Armed Forces. Program overview In 1985–87, planning and initiatives for the program began in response to India's revealed Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, missile program. General Mirza Aslam Beg, M. A. Beg, then-Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan), army chief, hastily launched the program, intending it to be led by SUPARCO. The program's feasibility proved more challenging than the nuclear weapons program due to inadequate funding and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Transporter Erector Launcher
A transporter erector launcher (TEL) is a missile vehicle with an integrated tractor unit that can transport, elevate to a firing position and launch one or more rockets or missiles. History Such vehicles exist for both surface-to-air missiles and surface-to-surface missiles. Early on, such missiles were launched from fixed sites and had to be loaded onto trucks for transport, making them more vulnerable to attack, since once they were spotted by the enemy they could not easily be relocated, and if they were it often took hours or even days to prepare them for launch once they reached their new site. Usually a number of TELs and TELARs are linked to one command post vehicle (CP or CPV). They may use target information from target acquisition, designation and guidance radar (TADAGR or TAR). Transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) A transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) is a type of TEL that also incorporates part or all of the radar system necessary for firi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Hatf-I
The Hatf I (; Military designation: Hatf–I, Transliteration, ''Translit.'' ''Target-1'') is a Surface-to-surface missile, land-based Short-range ballistic missile, short-ranged ballistic missile, currently in service with the Army Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan), strategic command of the Pakistan Army. Jointly designed and developed by the SUPARCO, Space Research Commission and the Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1987, it is the first system developed under Pakistani missile research and development program, ''Hatf'' program (lit. ''Target'') and entered in military service with Pakistan Army in 1992. The ''Hatf''-I is deployed as rocket artillery weapon system and has been replaced by the improved ''Hatf-IA'' and ''Hatf-IB'', which have a maximum range of . Development and design With the revelation of Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme, India's missile program, General (Pakistan), General Mirza Aslam Beg, Mirza Beg, then-Chief of Army Staff (Pakis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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South Asia
South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's population. As commonly conceptualised, the modern State (polity), states of South Asia include Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with Afghanistan also often included, which may otherwise be classified as part of Central Asia. South Asia borders East Asia to the northeast, Central Asia to the northwest, West Asia to the west and Southeast Asia to the east. Apart from Southeast Asia, Littoral South Asia, Maritime South Asia is the only subregion of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere. The British Indian Ocean Territory and two out of Atolls of Maldives, 26 atolls of the Maldives in South Asia lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian subcontinent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Muslim Conquests In The Indian Subcontinent
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries, establishing the Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent, Indo-Muslim period. Early Muslim conquests, Earlier Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent include the invasions which started in the Northwest India (pre-1947), northwestern Indian subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan), especially the Umayyad campaigns in India, Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century. Mahmud of Ghazni, sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, preserved an ideological link to the suzerainty of the Abbasid caliph, Abbasid Caliphate and invaded vast parts of Punjab and Gujarat during the 11th century. After the capture of Siege of Lahore (1186), Lahore and the end of the Ghaznavids, the Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor laid the foundation of Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent, Muslim rule in India in 1192. In 1202, Bakhtiyar Khalji led the Muslim conquest of Bengal, marking the easternmost expansion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Abdali-I
The Abdali (Urdu: ابدالى; Military designation: Hatf–II; Transliteration, ''Trans.'': ''Target-2'') is a Surface to surface missile, land-based Tactical ballistic missile, tactical ballistic missile currently in military service with the Army Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan), strategic command of the Pakistan Army. Designed and developed by the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, Space Research Commission (SUPARCO), the program is codename after Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ahmad Shah Abdali with its Pakistani military deployment designated as Hatf-II. Originally, the design was conceived in 1993 but was cancelled due to acquisition of DF-11, M-11 missiles from People’s Republic of China, China in 1994. Despite cancellation, the work on the program continued and was made feasible for funding in 1995 when the new design was approved for deployment. Design and specification The ''Abdali'' missile system is derived from the ''Hatf-I'', with its accuracy deemed su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ghaznavi (missile)
The Ghaznavi (Urdu:غزنوی; Military designation: Hatf–III, Trans.: ''Target-3''), is a land-based short range ballistic missile, currently in military service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army. Designed and developed in secrecy by the National Development Complex, it is codenamed after ''Ghaznavi'' (a Turkic leader who conquered parts of India) with its military deployment designation as Hatf-III. It has been deployed in active duty with Pakistan Army since 2012. Development In 1993, Benazir Bhutto's ministry procured the M-11 missile from China but the Chinese missiles were incapable of addressing Pakistan's nuclear deterrence capability against India in an event of conventional standoff.Rajain, Arpit (2005). Nuclear deterrence in Southern Asia China, India, and Pakistan. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. . Any attempts to circumvent the Chinese missiles had failed the missile system entirely that forced the MoD to eventually design and devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ghauri (missile)
The Ghauri–I (; military designation: Hatf–V, ''Trans.'': ''Target-5'') is a land-based medium-range ballistic missile, in current service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army. Influenced from the propellent design of Nodong-1 of North Korea, its extensive modification, warhead design and assembly, and engineering of its control system took place in Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1994–2001 with an objective of developing an electronic system that uses a single stage liquid fuel rocket motor to carry a payload of 700 kg to a range of 1,500 km. This range is applicable to address Pakistan's nuclear deterrence against India, if not all of India. Codenamed as Ghauri, the missile was developed in as part of the secretive Hatf program that started in 1987. The program later evolved into the development of now cancelled Ghauri-III and the Ghauri-II which uses increased motor assembly length and improved propellants for an increased range of . ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Muhammad
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets in Islam, and along with the Quran, his teachings and Sunnah, normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born in Mecca to the aristocratic Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Arab Sword
The saif (), sometimes called a shamshir (from ), depending on the era, originated in Arabia before the 7th century. Little is known about this weapon besides what Al-Kindi wrote in his treatise ''On Swords'' in the 9th century. Description In the article "Introduction to the Study of Islamic Arms and Armour", A. Rahman Zaky says the saif is "[a]n Arab sword, [with] a rather broad blade and sometimes with a peculiarly hooked pommel. The size varies greatly. It is found in most countries in which the Arabs have lived, and each has its own variety. Early Arab chroniclers used to mention two kinds of swords: Saif Anith, which was made of iron, and Saif Fulath or Muzakka, which was made of steel." Etymology ''Saif'' is an Arab word for swords in general, not a certain type. The term ''xiphos'', Greek for a double-edged straight sword, may be related to ''saif''. Anatomy The handle is the ''miqbad''; the pommel, ''halq''; and the quillon, ''haris''. The blade is composed of the fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army (, ), commonly known as the Pak Army (), is the Land warfare, land service branch and the largest component of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The president of Pakistan is the Commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the army. The Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan), Chief of Army Staff (COAS), typically a four-star general, commands the army. The Army was established in August 1947 after the Partition of India. According to statistics provided by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in 2024, the Pakistan Army has approximately 560,000 active duty personnel, supported by the Pakistan Army Reserve, the National Guard (Pakistan), National Guard and the Civil Armed Forces. In accordance with the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan Constitution, Pakistani citizens can voluntarily enlist in military service as early as age 16, but cannot be deployed for combat until age 18. The primary objective and constitutional mission of the Pakistan Army is to ens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Aiming Point
In field artillery, the accuracy of indirect fire depends on the use of aiming points. In air force terminology the aiming point (or A.P.) refers to holding the intersection of the cross hairs on a bombsight when fixed at a specific target. An indirect fire aiming point provides a point of angular reference to aim a gun in the required horizontal direction – azimuth. Until the 1980s aiming points were essential for indirect fire artillery. They are also used by mortars and machine guns firing indirectly. Description An essential requirement of an aiming point is that it be at a sufficient distance from the gun using it. The reason for this is that, while firing, guns, particularly towed guns, move back a short distance – perhaps a foot, as their spades embed and may move more in soft ground. When they traverse their barrels their sights also move because they are not at the point of pivot. All this means that if the aiming point is too close then the angle to the aiming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Transliteration
Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus '' trans-'' + '' liter-'') in predictable ways, such as Greek → and → the digraph , Cyrillic → , Armenian → or Latin → . For instance, for the Greek term , which is usually translated as 'Hellenic Republic', the usual transliteration into the Latin script (romanization) is ; and the Russian term , which is usually translated as 'Russian Republic', can be transliterated either as or alternatively as . Transliteration is the process of representing or intending to represent a word, phrase, or text in a different script or writing system. Transliterations are designed to convey the pronunciation of the original word in a different script, allowing readers or speakers of that script to approximate the sounds and pronunciation of the original word. Transliterations do not change the pronunciation of the word. Thus, in the Greek above example, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |