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Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command
The Eastern Command of the Pakistan Army (initially designated as III Corps) was a corps-sized military field maneuver formation overseen and commanded by its Commander, typically at the holding rank of the Lieutenant-General. From the partition of India by Great Britain in 1947 and until 1970, Pakistan was a divided country with consists of two wings geographically separated by . With chain of command and armed forces' combat machinery stationed in the Western wing, the military mission of the Pakistan armed forces in Eastern wing was to defend and hold in reserves until Pakistani military in west staled or ceasefire with larger Indian Army (in case of war). The Central Command based in Army GHQ in Rawalpindi at that time created the formation with one army commander who was to be assisted by the naval and air commanders. Under the guidance of the Central Command, the war planners in each branch had drawn up a plan to defend Dacca by concentrating all their forces along ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army (, ), commonly known as the Pak Army (), is the Land warfare, land service branch and the largest component of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The president of Pakistan is the Commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the army. The Chief of the Army Staff (Pakistan), Chief of Army Staff (COAS), typically a four-star general, commands the army. The Army was established in August 1947 after the Partition of India. According to statistics provided by the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) in 2024, the Pakistan Army has approximately 560,000 active duty personnel, supported by the Pakistan Army Reserve, the National Guard (Pakistan), National Guard and the Civil Armed Forces. In accordance with the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan Constitution, Pakistani citizens can voluntarily enlist in military service as early as age 16, but cannot be deployed for combat until age 18. The primary objective and constitutional mission of the Pakistan Army is to ens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stand-your-ground Law
A stand-your-ground law, sometimes called a "line in the sand" or "no duty to retreat" law, provides that people may use deadly force when they reasonably believe it to be necessary to defend against certain violent crimes (right of self-defense). Under such a law, people have no duty to retreat before using deadly force in self-defense, so long as they are in a place where they are lawfully present.Florida Statutes Title XLVI Chapter 776 The exact details vary by jurisdiction. The alternative to stand your ground is "duty to retreat". In jurisdictions that implement a duty to retreat, even a person who is unlawfully attacked (or who is defending someone who is unlawfully attacked) may not use deadly force if it is possible to instead avoid the danger with complete safety by retreating. Even areas that impose a duty to retreat generally follow the "castle doctrine", under which people have no duty to retreat when they are attacked in their homes, or (in some places) in their veh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jessore (city)
Jessore (, ), officially Jashore, is a city of Jessore District in Khulna Division. It lies in southwestern Bangladesh. It is home to the first flight training school of the Bangladeshi Air Force, established in 1971. Jessore city consists of 9 wards and 73 mahalls. Jashore municipality was established in 1864. The area of the town is 21.15 km2. It has a population of about 298,000 according to the record of Jessore municipality. Jessore also has a domestic airport named as Jessore Airport. Name The present-day city of Jashore was originally known as Kasba. The current name was originally acquired from the name of the surrounding ''pargana'' and ''zamindari'' estate of Jashore, or ''Jesar'', when Kasba became its capital. The district's name was also applied to its two previous capitals, which are now known as Ishwaripur and Murali, respectively, so early mentions of jashore are not referring to the modern town. The name "Jashore" is traditionally explained as a derivati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukti Bahini
The Mukti Bahini, initially called the Mukti Fauj, also known as the Bangladesh Forces, was a big tent armed guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military personnel, paramilitary personnel and civilians during the Bangladesh War of Independence that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971. On 7 March 1971, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the undisputed leader of then East Pakistan, issued a call to the people of East Pakistan to prepare themselves for an all-out struggle. Later that evening resistance demonstrations began, and the West Pakistani military began a full-scale retaliation with Operation Searchlight in the early hours of 26 March 1971, which continued through May 1971. Before his arrest on 26 March, East Pakistani leaders declared the independence of Bangladesh, and ordered the people to engage in all-out war. A formal military leadership of the resistance was created in April 1971 under the Provisional Government of Bangladesh. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Barisal
Operation Barisal was a code-name of naval operation conducted by Pakistan Navy intended to take control of the city of Barisal, East Pakistan from the Mukti Bahini and the dissidents of the Pakistan Defence Forces. It was the part of Operation Searchlight.Salik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, p. 135 Since the starting of ''Searchlight'', the Mukti Bahini had been staging large scale sabotage missions, disturbing the communications and signals operatives in East Pakistan. Naval Intelligence found traces to the city of Barisal, therefore decided to conduct the operation. The operation was part of ''Searchlight'' and was to provide logistic support to the Pakistan Army The Pakistan Army (, ), commonly known as the Pak Army (), is the Land warfare, land service branch and the largest component of the Pakistan Armed Forces. The president of Pakistan is the Commander-in-chief, supreme commander of the army. The ..., by first deploying the Pakistan Navy's gun boats and navy pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Searchlight
Operation Searchlight was a military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army in an effort to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in former East Pakistan in March 1971. Pakistan retrospectively justified the operation on the basis of anti-Bihari violence carried out en masse by the Bengalis earlier that month. Ordered by the central government in West Pakistan, the original plans envisioned taking control of all of East Pakistan's major cities on 26 March, and then eliminating all Bengali opposition, whether political or military, within the following month. West Pakistani military leaders had not anticipated prolonged Bengali resistance or later Indian military intervention.Pakistan Defence Journal, 1977, Vol. 2, pp. 2–3. The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major Bengali-held town to West Pakistan in mid-May 1971. The operation also directly precipitated the 1971 Bangladesh genocide, in which between 300,000 and 3,000,000 Bengalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
All-Pakistan Awami League
The All-Pakistan Awami League (before 1955 the All-Pakistan Awami Muslim League), or simply Awami League, was a Pakistani political party founded by Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy in February 1950. Pir of Manki Sharif and Khan Ghulam Mohammad Khan from the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) joined it soon afterwards. History After 1947, the independence of Pakistan, Amin ul-Hasanat, former Muslim League politician in North-West Frontier Province, established Jinnah Awami Muslim League. He got this idea from Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, who advised him this name. In 1949, Suhrawardy advised Shawkat Ali to leave Muslim League and form another political party. Later, Ali discussed with Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani, another League politician, to form new party. Then East Pakistan Awami Muslim League was founded by Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani on 23 June 1949. In 1949, Suhrawardy left Muslim League saying that the party became the party of elites and the party distanced itself from people. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-cooperation Movement (1971)
The non-cooperation movement of 1971 was a historical movement in then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) by the All Pakistan Awami Muslim League, Awami League and the general public against the Military coups in Pakistan, military government of Pakistan in March of that year. After the announcement of the suspension of the session of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 1 March, the spontaneous movement of the people started, but officially on the call of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the non-cooperation movement started on 2 March and continued until 25 March. The movement lasted for a total of 25 days. The main objective of this movement was to ensure the autonomy of East Pakistan from the Government of Pakistan, central government of Pakistan. During this period, the control of the central government of West Pakistan over the civilian administration of East Pakistan was almost non-existent. At one stage of the movement, the whole of East Pakistan, except the cantonments, was practicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meghna
The Meghna () is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh, one of the three that form the Ganges Delta, the largest delta on earth, which fans out to the Bay of Bengal. A part of the Surma-Meghna River System, the Meghna is formed inside Bangladesh in Kishoreganj District above the town of Bhairab Bazar by the joining of the Surma River, Surma and the Kushiyara River, Kushiyara, both of which originate in the hilly regions of eastern India as the Barak River. The Meghna meets its major tributary, the Padma River, Padma, in Chandpur District. Other major tributaries of the Meghna include the Dhaleshwari River, Dhaleshwari, the Gumti River (transboundary river), Gumti, and the Feni River, Feni. The Meghna empties into the Bay of Bengal in Bhola District via four principal mouths, named Tentulia River, Tetulia (Ilsha), Shahbazpur, Hatia, and Bamni. Upper Meghna Course The Meghna is formed by the confluence of the Surma River, Surma and Kushiyara River, Kushiyara rivers originating fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padma River
The Padma () is a major river in Bangladesh. It is the eastern and main distributary of the Ganges, flowing generally southeast for to its confluence with the Meghna River, near the Bay of Bengal. The city of Rajshahi is situated on the banks of the river.Hossain ML, Mahmud J, Islam J, Khokon ZH and Islam S (eds.) (2005) Padma, Tatthyakosh Vol. 1 and 2, Dhaka, Bangladesh, p. 182 . Since 1966, over 66,000 hectares of land have been lost to erosion of the Padma. History Etymology The Padma, Sanskrit for lotus flower, is mentioned in ancient Hindu scripts as a byname for the Goddess Lakshmi. Geographic effects Eighteenth-century geographer James Rennell referred to a former course of the Ganges north of its present channel, as follows: Murshidabad District Murshidabad District is situated on the western bank of the Padma. It flows dividing the Rajshahi and Murshidabad District of West Bengal and created a natural river border between India and Bangladesh. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamuna River (Bangladesh)
The Jamuna River () is one of the three main rivers of Bangladesh. The two other major rivers in Bangladesh are the Padma River, Padma and the Meghna River, Meghna. The Jamuna is the lower stream of the Brahmaputra River, which originates in Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet as Yarlung Tsangpo, before flowing through India and then southwest into Bangladesh. The Jamuna flows south and joins the Padma River near Goalundo Ghat, before meeting the Meghna River near Chandpur District, Chandpur. The Meghna then flows into the Bay of Bengal. The Brahmaputra-Jamuna is a classic example of a braided river and is highly susceptible to River channel migration, channel migration and Avulsion (river), avulsion. It is characterised by a network of interlacing channels with numerous sandbars enclosed between them. The sandbars, known in Bengali language, Bengali as ''chars'', do not occupy a permanent position. The river deposits them in one year, very often to be destroyed later, and redeposi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dacca
Dhaka ( or ; , ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the capital city, capital and list of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the list of largest cities, largest and list of cities proper by population density, most densely populated cities in the world with a density of about 34,000 citizens per square kilometers within a total area of approximately 300 square kilometers. Dhaka is a megacity, and has a population of 10.2 million residents as of 2024, and a population of over 23.9 million residents in Greater Dhaka, Dhaka Metropolitan Area. It is widely considered to be the most densely populated built-up urban area in the world. Dhaka is an important cultural, economic, and scientific hub of Eastern South Asia, as well as a major list of largest cities in the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries, Muslim-majority city. Dhaka ranks list of cities by GDP, third in South Asia and 39th in the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
