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Pagaruyung
Pagaruyung (, other name: ''Pagaruyung Dārul Qarār''), also known as Pagarruyung, Pagar Ruyung and Malayapura or Malayupura, was a kingdom that once stood in the island of Sumatra and the seat of the Minangkabau kings of Western Sumatra. Modern Pagaruyung is a village in ''Tanjung Emas'' subdistrict, Tanah Datar regency, located near the town of Batusangkar, Indonesia. Prior to its establishment, the kingdom was part of Malayapura, a kingdom that the Amoghapasa inscription mentions was ruled by Adityawarman, who established himself as the ruler of ''Bhumi Malayu'' (Suvarnabhumi). Also included in Malayapura were the kingdom of Dharmasraya and several other kingdoms or conquests of Adityawarman. The region gradually became Muslim throughout the 16th century and after. In the early 17th century, the kingdom was forced to recognise the sovereignty of the Sultanate of Aceh but rebelled in 1665, also Dutch influence and presence grew in the 17th century. In the early 19th cen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Sumatra
West Sumatra () is a Provinces of Indonesia, province of Indonesia. It is on the west coast of the island of Sumatra and includes the Mentawai Islands off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau to the northeast, Jambi to the southeast, and Bengkulu to the south. The province has an area of , or about the same size as Switzerland, with a population of 5,534,472 at the 2020 Indonesian census, 2020 census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The official estimate at mid 2023 was 5,757,210 (comprising 2,900,270 males and 2,856,940 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Provinsi Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.13) The province is List of regencies and cities in West Sumatra, subdivided into twelve Regency (Indonesia), regencies and seven City status in Indonesia#Kota, cities. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside Java, although several o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Padri War
The Padri Wars (also called the Minangkabau War) was fought from 1803 until 1837 in West Sumatra, Indonesia between the Padri and the Adat. The Padri were Islam, Muslim clerics from Sumatra who wanted to impose Sharia in Minangkabau Highlands, Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The Adat comprised the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs. They asked for the help of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Dutch, who intervened in 1821 and helped the nobility defeat the Padri faction. Background It can be considered that the Padri Wars began in 1803, before Dutch intervention, and was a conflict that had broken out in Minangkabau country when the Padri started to suppress what they saw as un-Islamic customs, i.e., the ''adat''. But after the occupation of the Pagaruyung Kingdom by Tuanku Pasaman, one of the Padri leaders in 1815, on 21 February 1821, the Minangkabau people, Minangkabau nobility made a deal with the Dutch in Padang to help them fight the Padri. ''Adat'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagar
Daulat Yang Dipertuan Sultan Alam Bagagarsyah (1789 – 12 February 1849, in Batavia) was the last king of the Pagaruyung Kingdom. He was the grandson of Sultan Alam Muningsyah. He had four brothers and sisters: Puti Reno Sori, Tuan Gadih Tembong, Tuan Bujang Nan Bakundi and Yang Dipertuan Batuhampar. Sultan Alam Bagagarsyah was appointed as regent of Tanah Datar after the Netherlands seized Pagaruyung from the Padri. Because of an alleged conspiracy against the Dutch, Bagagarsyah Sultan Alam was arrested and exiled to Batavia, where he died in 1849. 1803 was the beginning of the Padri War, a bloody dispute with the Padri in Koto Tangah, when Sultan Alam Bagagarsyah was still 15 years old. He managed to escape to Padang, which at that time was controlled by United Kingdom. In Padang he lived as a commoner. On 10 February 1821, along with 19 other adat leaders Sultan Alam Bagagarsyah signed an agreement to give Pagaruyung, Suruaso, Sungai Tarab and surrounding villages to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marawa Minangkabau
Marawa is a tricolour flag that consists of three vertical charts that feature the colours of the Minangkabau culture: black, red, and gold. It is not known for sure when this flag was first used, but it was officially adopted as the flag of the Pagaruyung Kingdom since its founding in 1347. This flag was also adopted by other kingdoms of the Minangkabau '' rantau'' such as the Inderapura Kingdom. A derivative of the flag is also currently used by Negeri Sembilan, a state in Malaysia with historical and cultural connections with the kingdom. Black represents '' pangulu'', gold represents '' manti'', white represents '' malin'', and red represents '' dubalang''. Origins The association of Minangkabau with the colours black, red, and gold (or yellow) is unknown, but the black-red-gold flag was traditionally used to symbolise the Luhak Nan Tigo (Minangkabau Confederation) established in the Minangkabau Highlands by their ancestors, as well as the area of origin of the Minang pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minangkabau People
Minangkabau people (; ; ) are an Austronesian people, Austronesian ethnic group native to the Minangkabau Highlands of West Sumatra, Western Sumatra region on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Minangkabau's West Sumatera homelands was the seat of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, believed by early historians to have been the cradle of the Malay race, and the location of the Padri War (1821 to 1837). Minangkabau are the ethnic majority in West Sumatra and Negeri Sembilan. Minangkabau are also a recognised minority in other parts of Indonesia as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and the Netherlands. Etymology There are several possible etymologies for the term Minangkabau (Minangkabau language, Minangkabau: ''Minang'' Jawi script: منڠ). While the word "kabau" undisputedly translates to "buffalo", the word "minang" is traditionally known as the ''pinang'' fruit (areca nut) chewed with ''sirih'' (betel) leaves. But there is also a folklore that mention that term ''Minangkabau'' came f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanah Datar
Tanah Datar Regency is a landlocked List of regencies and cities of Indonesia, regency (''kabupaten'') in West Sumatra province, Indonesia. The regency has an area of 1,337.1 km2 and had a population of 338,484 at the 2010 Census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. which rose to 371,704 at the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The official estimate as of mid-2023 was 383,676 - comprising 193,190 males and 190,490 females.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kabupaten Tanah Datar Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.1305) The regency seat is the town of Batusangkar. The city of Padang Panjang is also geographically located within the regency but constitutes a municipality (''kota otonom'' meaning "autonomous city") of its own. Tanah Datar has several tourist attractions including the Pagaruyung Palace (''Istano Pagaruyuang'') with its museum, Sanskrit and Malay language stone inscriptions from the 14th century, several sites with megaliths ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adityawarman
Adityawarman (formal regnal name Maharajadiraja Srīmat Srī Udayādityawarma Pratāpaparākrama Rājendra Maulimāli Warmadewa. ) was a king of Malayapura Suvarnabhumi, and is the successor of the Mauli dynasty based in central Sumatra. He was the cousin of Jayanegara, king of Majapahit from 1309 to 1328, and the grandson of Tribhuwanaraja, king of Melayu Kingdom. Adityawarman was awarded the Senior Minister of Majapahit (''wreddamantri'') and used this authority to launch Majapahit military expansion plans and conquer east coast region in Sumatra. Adityawarman then founded the royal dynasty of Minangkabau in Pagaruyung and presided over the central Sumatra region to take control of the gold trade between 1347 and 1375. Early life Adityawarman was born around in 1294 in Trowulan, East Java, the capital of the kingdom of Majapahit, as recorded in the poem of Pararaton. According to Kuburajo inscription found in Limo Kaum, West Sumatra, Adityawarman's father was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pagaruyung, Tanjung Emas, Tanah Datar
Pagaruyung is an Indonesian village in Tanjung Emas District, Tanah Datar, West Sumatra. From tambo sources, this country was formerly the capital of the Pagaruyung Kingdom. In 1803-1804, a group of pilgrims from Minangkabau returned to their country. They were impressed by the Wahhabi conquest of Mecca in early 1803, and wanted to change Minangkabau society through violence. They are called Padri and criticize Minang customs such as gambling, cockfighting, opium, liquor, tobacco except betel, as well as Minangkabau customs which regulate the line of descent from the mother's side (matrilineal). This method of violence led to civil war in Minangkabau society. In 1815, the Pagaruyung royal family were all massacred by the Padri. In 1819, the Dutch returned to Padang after the British left it. The surviving royal families and the penghulu (customary heads) asked the Dutch for help in dealing with the Padri violence. In February 1821 they signed an agreement in which they handed over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melayu Kingdom
The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom; , reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation ''mat-la-yu kwok'')Muljana, Slamet , (2006), ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS, . was a classical Buddhist kingdom located in what is now the Indonesian province of West Sumatra and Jambi. The primary sources for much of the information on the kingdom are the '' New History of the Tang'', and the memoirs of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing who visited in 671. The state was "absorbed" by Srivijaya by 692, but had "broken away" by the end of the 12th century according to Zhao Rukuo. The exact location of the kingdom is the subject of study among historians. One theory is that the kingdom was established around present-day Jambi on Sumatra, Indonesia, approximately 300 km north of Palembang. According to this theory, it was founded by ethnic groups in the Batanghari river area and gold traders from the Minangkabau hinterland of Pagarruy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batusangkar
Batusangkar (''batu'': stone, rock, ''sangkar'': cage) is the capital of the Tanah Datar regency of West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is known as "the city of culture". History The town is near the former seat of the Minangkabau people, Minangkabau royalty established by Adityawarman in ''Pagaruyung'', represented by the reconstructed Pagaruyung Palace. Several stones bearing inscriptions (''prasasti'') left by Adityavarman that remain in the region are the first written records in West Sumatra. After the death of Adityawarman (1375), no more stone inscriptions were produced. Fort van der Capellen The town was known as Fort van der Capellen during Netherlands East Indies, colonial times when it was a Fort van der Capellen, Dutch outpost established during the Padri War (1821–37). The fort was built between 1822 and 1826 and named after the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Godert van der Capellen. The city was officially renamed Batusangkar in 1949, replacing its colonial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
