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Package (UML)
A package in the Unified Modeling Language is used "to group elements, and to provide a namespace for the grouped elements". p.158. A package may contain other packages, thus providing for a hierarchical organization of packages. Pretty much all UML elements can be grouped into packages. Thus, classes, objects, s, components, nodes, node instances etc. can all be organized as packages, thus enabling a manageable organization of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Modeling Language
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. The creation of UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design. It was developed at Rational Software in 1994–1995, with further development led by them through 1996. In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG), and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005, UML was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as an approved ISO standard. Since then the standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML. In software engineering, most practitioners do not use UML, but instead produce informal hand drawn diagrams; these diagrams, however, often include elements from UML. History Before UM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Element (UML)
In the Unified Modeling Language (UML), an Element is an abstract class with no superclass.OMG Unified Modeling Language, Superstructure, Version 2.4.1 It is used as the superclass or base class, as known by object oriented programmers, for all the metaclasses in the UML infrastructure library. All other elements in the UML inherit, directly or indirectly from Element. An Element has a derived composition association to itself to support the general capability for elements to own other elements. As such, it has no additional attributes as part of its specification. Associations An association describes a set of tuple In mathematics, a tuple is a finite ordered list (sequence) of elements. An -tuple is a sequence (or ordered list) of elements, where is a non-negative integer. There is only one 0-tuple, referred to as ''the empty tuple''. An -tuple is defi ...s of typed instances.UML 2 Certification Guide, Tim Weilkiens and Bernd Oestereich - *''ownedComment: Comment ': An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Use Case
In software and systems engineering, the phrase use case is a polyseme with two senses: # A usage scenario for a piece of software; often used in the plural to suggest situations where a piece of software may be useful. # A potential scenario in which a system receives an external request (such as user input) and responds to it. This article discusses the latter sense. A ''use case'' is a list of actions or event steps typically defining the interactions between a role (known in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as an '' actor'') and a system to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human or another external system. In systems engineering, use cases are used at a higher level than within software engineering, often representing missions or stakeholder goals. The detailed requirements may then be captured in the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) or as contractual statements. History In 1987, Ivar Jacobson presented the first article on use cases at the OOPSLA'87 confer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Component (UML)
A component in the Unified Modeling Language represents a modular part of a system that encapsulates the state and behavior of a number of classifiers. Its behavior is defined in terms of ''provided'' and ''required'' interfaces,OMG (2008). OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Superstructure, V2.1.2' is self-contained, and substitutable. A number of UML standard stereotypes exist that apply to components. A component has an external and internal view, also known as " black-box" and "white-box", respectively. In its external view, there are public properties and operations. For its internal view, there are private properties and realizing classifiers and shows how external behavior is realized internally. A component may be replaced at design time or run-time by another if and only if their provided and required interfaces are identical. This idea is the underpinning for the plug-and-play capability of component-based systems and promotes software reuse. Larger piece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Node (UML)
A node in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a computational resource upon which UML artifacts may be deployed for execution. OMG (2008). OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Superstructure, V2.1.2'' p.199-210. There are two types of nodes: ''device'' nodes and ''execution environments''. * A device represents hardware devices: a physical computational resource with processing capability upon which UML artifacts may be deployed for execution. Devices may be complex (i.e., they may consist of other devices). * An execution environment represents software container OS-level virtualization is an operating system (OS) paradigm in which the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user space instances, called ''containers'' ( LXC, Solaris containers, Docker, Podman), ''zones'' (Solaris containers), '' ...s (such as operating systems, JVM, servlet/EJB containers, application servers, portal servers, etc.) This is a node that offers an execution environment for sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presentation Logic
In software development, presentation logic is concerned with how business objects are displayed to users of the software, e.g. the choice between a pop-up screen and a drop-down menu. The separation of business logic from presentation logic is an important concern for software development and an instance of the separation of content and presentation Separation of content and presentation (or separation of content and style) is the separation of concerns design principle as applied to the authoring and presentation of content. Under this principle, visual and design aspects (presentation and s .... One major rationale behind "effective separation" is the need for maximum flexibility in the code and resources dedicated to the presentation logic. Client demands, changing customer preferences and desire to present a "fresh face" for pre-existing content often result in the need to dramatically modify the public appearance of content while disrupting the underlying infrastructure as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Access Layer
A data access layer (DAL) in computer software is a layer of a computer program which provides simplified access to data stored in persistent storage of some kind, such as an entity-relational database. This acronym is prevalently used in Microsoft environments. For example, the DAL might return a reference to an object (in terms of object-oriented programming) complete with its attributes instead of a row of fields from a database table. This allows the client (or user) modules to be created with a higher level of abstraction. This kind of model could be implemented by creating a class of data access methods that directly reference a corresponding set of database stored procedures. Another implementation could potentially retrieve or write records to or from a file system. The DAL hides this complexity of the underlying data store from the external world. For example, instead of using commands such as ''insert'', ''delete'', and ''update'' to access a specific table in a dat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commercial Off-the-shelf
Commercial off-the-shelf or commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) products are packaged or canned (ready-made) hardware or software, which are adapted aftermarket to the needs of the purchasing organization, rather than the commissioning of custom-made, or bespoke, solutions. A related term, Mil-COTS, refers to COTS products for use by the U.S. military. In the context of the U.S. government, the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) has defined "COTS" as a formal term for commercial items, including services, available in the commercial marketplace that can be bought and used under government contract. For example, Microsoft is a COTS software provider. Goods and construction materials may qualify as COTS but bulk cargo does not. Services associated with the commercial items may also qualify as COTS, including installation services, training services, and cloud services. COTS purchases are alternatives to custom software or one-off developments – government-funded de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open-source Software
Open-source software (OSS) is computer software that is released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to use, study, change, and distribute the software and its source code to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative public manner. Open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration, meaning any capable user is able to participate online in development, making the number of possible contributors indefinite. The ability to examine the code facilitates public trust in the software. Open-source software development can bring in diverse perspectives beyond those of a single company. A 2008 report by the Standish Group stated that adoption of open-source software models has resulted in savings of about $60 billion per year for consumers. Open source code can be used for studying and allows capable end users to adapt software to their personal needs in a similar way user scripts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integration Test
Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. Integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component with specified functional requirements. It occurs after unit testing and before system testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. Approach Some different types of integration testing are big-bang, mixed (sandwich), risky-hardest, top-down, and bottom-up. Other Integration PatternsBinder, Robert V.: ''Testing Object-Oriented Systems: Models, Patterns, and Tools''. Addison Wesley 1999. are: collaboration integration, backbone integration, layer integration, client-server integration, distribute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System Test
System testing is testing conducted on a complete integrated system to evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing takes, as its input, all of the integrated components that have passed integration testing. The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the units that are integrated together (called ''assemblages''). System testing seeks to detect defects both within the "inter-assemblages" and also within the system as a whole. The actual result is the behavior produced or observed when a component or system is tested. System testing is performed on the entire system in the context of either functional requirement specifications (FRS) or system requirement specification (SRS), or both. System testing tests not only the design, but also the behaviour and even the believed expectations of the customer. It is also intended to test up to and beyond the bounds defined in the software or hardware requirements specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
