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Pws-21
The PWS-21 was a Polish passenger aircraft for 4 passengers, built in PWS factory in 1930, that remained a prototype. Development The aircraft was developed for a contest for a successor of Junkers F-13 in LOT Polish Airlines. The first design of 1929, named PWS-21, developed by Stanisław Cywiński and Jarosław Naleszkiewicz, was a braced high-wing plane, but it was not realized because LOT demanded bigger passenger cab. The next design, named PWS-21bis, was a cantilever high-wing plane, similar to Fokker F.VIIa/1m design. The only prototype (markings SP-AEC) first flew in the spring, probably April 1930 in Biała Podlaska. Its counterpart was Lublin R-XI. The plane appeared not successful. It was too heavy, what resulted in poor speed, ceiling and range, and long take off. In 1931 it was evaluated in LOT airlines, but after a test flight it was returned to the factory. However, at that time there was its development, PWS-24 built, sharing the same lightweight wing, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PWS-24
The PWS-24 was a Polish single-engine passenger aircraft for 4 passengers, built in PWS factory, used from 1933 to 1936 by LOT Polish Airlines. In spite of its limited capacity, it was the only series-built airliner of domestic design ever used by the LOT. PZL.4, PZL.27, PZL.44 Wicher and PZL MD-12 were evaluated by LOT, being prototypes. Development The aircraft was a development of an unsuccessful PWS-21, utilizing its lightweight construction wing (weight 300 kg). A fuselage and stabilizers were new. The main designer was Stanisław Cywiński. The prototype (markings SP-AGR) first flew in August 1931 in Biała Podlaska. After trials and some modifications, it won a Ministry of Communication's contest for a successor of Junkers F-13 in LOT airlines, against Lublin R-XVI. In June 1932 it took the first place in a passenger aircraft race at the international air meeting in Warsaw. Polish Ministry of Communication ordered a series of 5 aircraft for LOT airlines, built in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lublin R-XI
The Lublin R-XI was the Polish passenger plane for 4 passengers, designed in 1930 in the Plage i Laśkiewicz factory in Lublin, that remained a prototype. Development The aircraft was developed for a contest for a successor of Junkers F-13 as a light passenger and mail plane in LOT Polish Airlines, announced by the Ministry of Communication. The design was partly modeled on a construction of Fokker F.VII, produced under license by Plage i Laśkiewicz, especially in a wing design. The main designer was Jerzy Rudlicki. The prototype was first flown on 8 February 1930 in Lublin (registration: SP-ACC). From June 1930 it was evaluated by the LOT Airlines. The prototype was damaged during take-off in July 1931, and was not repaired. The aircraft was not successful, because its weight appeared 250 kg more, than designed, it also had worse speed, range and ceiling, than expected (its competitor, the PWS-21, was not successful either). Its improved development became Lublin R-XVI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PWS (aircraft Manufacturer)
PWS may refer to: * Pressure wave supercharger, a type of super-charger technology * Performance work statement, term used to summarize the work that needs to be done for a contract * Personal weather station, a weather station owned and operated by an individual or a non-weather-related club or business * Personal web server, system of hardware and software that is designed to create and manage a web server on a desktop computer ** Microsoft Personal Web Server, a scaled-down web server software for Windows operating systems * Present weather sensor, a component of an automatic weather station that detects the presence of hydrometeors and determines their type (rain, snow, drizzle, etc.) and intensity * Professional Wetland Scientist, a certification for practicing wetland professionals that signifies stringent academic and work experience standards of wetland science have been met * Public Warning System, a 3GPP network system used for alerting the public to events such as dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Townend Ring
A Townend ring is a narrow-chord cowling ring fitted around the cylinders of an aircraft radial engine to reduce drag and improve cooling. Development The Townend ring was the invention of Dr. Hubert Townend of the British National Physical Laboratory in 1929. Patents were supported by Boulton & Paul Ltd in 1929. In the United States it was often called a "drag ring". It caused a reduction in the drag of radial engines and was widely used in high-speed designs of 1930–1935, before the long-chord NACA cowling came into general use. Despite suggestions of it exploiting the Meredith effect, low airspeeds, low temperature differences and small mass flows make that unlikely, particularly when combined with the lack of flow control as the air exits the cowling.Becker, J.; ''The high-speed frontier: Case histories of four NACA programs, 1920–1950'', SP-445, NASA (1980)Chapter 5: High-speed Cowlings, Air Inlets and Outlets, and Internal-Flow Systems: The ramjet investigati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PWS Aircraft
PWS may refer to: * Pressure wave supercharger, a type of super-charger technology * Performance work statement, term used to summarize the work that needs to be done for a contract * Personal weather station, a weather station owned and operated by an individual or a non-weather-related club or business * Personal web server, system of hardware and software that is designed to create and manage a web server on a desktop computer ** Microsoft Personal Web Server, a scaled-down web server software for Windows operating systems * Present weather sensor, a component of an automatic weather station that detects the presence of hydrometeors and determines their type (rain, snow, drizzle, etc.) and intensity * Professional Wetland Scientist, a certification for practicing wetland professionals that signifies stringent academic and work experience standards of wetland science have been met * Public Warning System, a 3GPP network system used for alerting the public to events such as dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1930s Polish Airliners
Year 193 ( CXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sosius and Ericius (or, less frequently, year 946 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 193 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * January 1 – Year of the Five Emperors: The Roman Senate chooses Publius Helvius Pertinax, against his will, to succeed the late Commodus as Emperor. Pertinax is forced to reorganize the handling of finances, which were wrecked under Commodus, to reestablish discipline in the Roman army, and to suspend the food programs established by Trajan, provoking the ire of the Praetorian Guard. * March 28 – Pertinax is assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, who storm the imperial palace. The Empire is auctioned o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skoda-Wright Whirlwind J-5
The Wright R-790 Whirlwind was a series of nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation, with a total displacement of about and around . These engines were the earliest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family. Design and development The R-790 Whirlwind began as the Lawrance J-1, a nine-cylinder air-cooled radial developed in 1921 by the Lawrance Aero Engine Company for the U.S. Navy. The Navy was very enthusiastic about air-cooled engines, which it considered better suited for naval use than liquid-cooled ones.Wright J-5 "Whirlwind" (PDF), by Kimble D. McCutcheon, from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society Lawrance was a small company, though, and the Navy doubted it could produce enough engines for its needs. Despite urgings from the N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landing Gear
Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company. For aircraft, Stinton makes the terminology distinction ''undercarriage (British) = landing gear (US)''. For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with skis or floats needed to operate from snow/ice/water and skids for vertical operation on land. Faster aircraft have retractable undercarriages, which fold away during flight to reduce drag. Some unusual landing gear have been evaluated experimentally. These include: no landing gear (to save weight), made possible by operating from a catapult cradle and flexible landing deck: air cushion (to enable operation over a wide range of ground obstacles and wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radial Engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders "radiate" outward from a central crankcase like the spokes of a wheel. It resembles a stylized star when viewed from the front, and is called a "star engine" in some other languages. The radial configuration was commonly used for aircraft engines before gas turbine engines became predominant. Engine operation Since the axes of the cylinders are coplanar, the connecting rods cannot all be directly attached to the crankshaft unless mechanically complex forked connecting rods are used, none of which have been successful. Instead, the pistons are connected to the crankshaft with a master-and-articulating-rod assembly. One piston, the uppermost one in the animation, has a master rod with a direct attachment to the crankshaft. The remaining pistons pin their connecting rods' attachments to rings around the edge of the master rod. Extra "rows" of radial cylinders can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wright Whirlwind J-5
The Wright R-790 Whirlwind was a series of nine-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engines built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation, with a total displacement of about and around . These engines were the earliest members of the Wright Whirlwind engine family. Design and development The R-790 Whirlwind began as the Lawrance J-1, a nine-cylinder air-cooled radial developed in 1921 by the Lawrance Aero Engine Company for the U.S. Navy. The Navy was very enthusiastic about air-cooled engines, which it considered better suited for naval use than liquid-cooled ones.Wright J-5 "Whirlwind" (PDF), by Kimble D. McCutcheon, from the Aircraft Engine Historical Society Lawrance was a small company, though, and the Navy doubted it could produce enough engines for its needs. Despite urgings from the Na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LOT Polish Airlines
LOT Polish Airlines, legally incorporated as Polskie Linie Lotnicze LOT S.A. (corporation), S.A. (, ''flight''), is the flag carrier of Poland. Established in 1928, LOT was a founding member of IATA and remains one of List of airlines by foundation date, the world's oldest airlines in operation. With a fleet of 75 aircraft as of 2021, LOT Polish Airlines is the 18th largest operator in Europe with over 120 destinations across Europe, Asia and North America. The airline was founded on 29 December 1928 by the Polish government during the Second Polish Republic as a self-governing limited liability corporation, taking over existing domestic airlines Aerolot (founded in 1922) and Aero (Polish airline), Aero (founded in 1925), and began operations on 1 January 1929. The first aircraft used by LOT were Junkers F.13 and Fokker F.VII with the inaugural international service to Vienna, Austria, beginning on 2 August 1929. Most of the destinations originate from its airline hub, hub at Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
