Oxonium Compounds
Oxonium may refer to: * Oxonium ion, any ion which contains a tricoordinated oxygen atom, *Oxonium, an IUPAC name for the simplest oxonium ion, hydronium, *''Oxonium'' (often abbreviated to ''Oxon.''), sometimes used in university circles as a Latin name for Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

Oxonium Ion
In chemistry, an oxonium ion is any cation containing an oxygen atom that has three chemical bond, bonds and 1+ formal charge. The simplest oxonium ion is the hydronium ion (). Alkyloxonium Hydronium is one of a series of oxonium ions with the formula R''n''H3−''n''O+. Oxygen is usually pyramidal with an sp3 orbital hybridisation, hybridization. Those with ''n'' = 1 are called primary oxonium ions, an example being protonated alcohol (e.g. methanol). In acidic media, the oxonium functional group produced by protonating an alcohol can be a leaving group in the elimination reaction, E2 elimination reaction. The product is an alkene. Extreme acidity, heat, and dehydrating conditions are usually required. Other hydrocarbon oxonium ions are formed by protonation or alkylation of alcohol (chemistry), alcohols or ethers (R−C−−R1R2). Secondary oxonium ions have the formula R2OH+, an example being protonated ethers. Tertiary oxonium ions have the formula R3O+, an example ...
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Hydronium
In chemistry, hydronium (hydroxonium in traditional British English) is the cation , also written as , the type of oxonium ion produced by protonation of water. It is often viewed as the positive ion present when an Arrhenius acid is dissolved in water, as Arrhenius acid molecules in solution give up a proton (a positive hydrogen ion, ) to the surrounding water molecules (). In fact, acids must be surrounded by more than a single water molecule in order to ionize, yielding aqueous and conjugate base. Three main structures for the aqueous proton have garnered experimental support: * the Eigen cation, which is a tetrahydrate, H3O+(H2O)3 * the Zundel cation, which is a symmetric dihydrate, H+(H2O)2 * and the Stoyanov cation, an expanded Zundel cation, which is a hexahydrate: H+(H2O)2(H2O)4 Spectroscopic evidence from well-defined IR spectra overwhelmingly supports the Stoyanov cation as the predominant form. For this reason, it has been suggested that wherever possible, the sy ...
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