|
Otroci
Otroci ( sr-Cyrl, отроци) is a Serbian word literally meaning 'children' (). The meaning of the word implies a higher degree of dependence of this population category. They represented a category of dependent people who, by their legal and social standing, were at the bottom of the social ladder. In Serbian histography, the word ''otrok'' (plural ''otroci'') has brought up many discussions. Many historians have argued about the meaning of the word otrok and its role in medieval Serbian state. Some argued that otroci were slaves, while others opposed that opinion, but both sides had arguments for their statements. Dusan’s Code (Serbian: Душанов законик, ''Dušanov zakonik'', known historically as ''Закон благовјернаго цара Стефана'' – Law of the pious Emperor Stefan) has had multiple translations during the 19th and 20th centuries (German, English, French, Polish, Russian, etc.), but it has just recently been translated to m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rade Mihaljčić
Rade Mihaljčić ( sr-cyr, Раде Михаљчић; 21 January 1937 – 26 March 2020) was a Serbian historian and academic. Most of his works deal with medieval Serbia, especially the Serbian empire and the Battle of Kosovo.Encyclopedia of Serbian Historiography, Sima Ćirković and Rade Mihaljčić (eds.), Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ..., 1997. Major works Monographies: * ''The Fall of the Serbian Empire'' (Kraj Srpskog carstva), 1975. * ''Lazar Hrebeljanović - istorija, kult, predanje'', 1984. * ''Heroes of the Kosovo Legends'' (Junaci kosovske legende), 1989. * * ''Bezimeni junak'', 1995. * ''Boj na Kosovu u bugaršticama i epskim pesmama kratkog stiha'', 1995, co-author with Jelka Ređep * ''Prošlost i narodno sećanje'', 1995; ''Srpska pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Status
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess. Such social value includes respect, honour, honor, assumed competence, and deference. On one hand, social scientists view status as a "reward" for group members who treat others well and take initiative. This is one explanation for its apparent cross-cultural universality. On the other hand, while people with higher status experience a litany of benefits—such as greater health, admiration, resources, influence, and freedom—those with lower status experience poorer outcomes across all of those metrics. Importantly, status is based in widely shared ''beliefs'' about who members of a society judge as more competent or moral. While such beliefs can stem from an impressive performance or success, they can also arise from possessing characteristics a society has deemed meaningful like a person's race or occupation. In this way, status reflects how a society judges a person's relative social worth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion
Religion is a range of social system, social-cultural systems, including designated religious behaviour, behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, religious text, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics in religion, ethics, or religious organization, organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendence (religion), transcendental, and spirituality, spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. It is an essentially contested concept. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacredness, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). and a supernatural being or beings. The origin of religious belief is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams. Religions have sacred histories, narratives, and mythologies, preserved in oral traditions, sac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbian Nobility In The Middle Ages
In the medieval Serbian states, the privileged class consisted of nobility and clergy, distinguished from commoners, part of the feudal society. The Serbian nobility (''srpska vlastela'', ''srpsko vlastelinstvo'' or ''srpsko plemstvo'') were roughly grouped into magnates (''velikaši'' or ''velmože''), the upper stratum, and the lesser nobility (''vlasteličići''). Serbia followed the government model established by the Byzantine Empire. The nobility possessed hereditary allodial estates, which were worked by dependent ''sebri'', the equivalent of Byzantine ''paroikoi''; peasants owing labour services, formally bound by decree. The nobility was obliged to serve the monarch in war. Hierarchy The nobility (''vlastela, vlastelinstvo'' or ''plemstvo'') of Serbia in the Middle Ages is roughly divided into magnates ('' velikaši'' or ''velmože''), nobility and petty noblemen (''vlasteličići''). Sometimes, the division is made between ''vlastela'' (including "great" and "small" ones) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meropsi
The ''sebri'' ( sr-Cyrl, себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as ''Dušan's Code'' (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into: *The ''meropsi'' (меропси) or ''merophe'' (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included ''zemljanin'' ("earthen an, from ''zemlja'', "land"), ''Srbljin'' (from the Serb ethnonym), or ''zemljani ljudi'' ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's ''meropsi'' is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ. *The ''vlasi'' (власи) or ''pastiri'' (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uglješa Mrnjavčević
Jovan Uglješa Mrnjavčević ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Угљеша Мрњавчевић; floruit, fl. 1346–1371), known as Jovan Uglješa ( sr-Cyrl, Јован Угљеша), was a Medieval Serbian nobility, Serbian medieval nobleman of the Mrnjavčević family and one of the most prominent magnates of the Serbian Empire. He held the title of ''despot (court title), despot'', received from Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V, whose co-ruler - Serbian King Vukašin of Serbia, Vukašin was Uglješa's brother. Life Uglješa was the son of Mrnjava, a treasurer of Helen of Anjou, Queen of Serbia, Helen, the queen consort of Stephen Uroš I of Serbia. He held Travunia in 1346, during the rule of Stefan Dušan (1331–1355).''Književno delo monahinje Jefimije'', p. 1 Uglješa married Jelena (later nun Jefimija), daughter of Vojihna, the ''Caesar (title), Caesar'' of Drama, Greece, Drama.Fajfric, p. 5 This boosted the power of Uglješa, who would later govern the region alongside his fathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikita Pedijasim
Nikita may refer to: * Nikita (given name), people with the given name, including variants * Nikita, Crimea, a town in Ukraine * Nikita the Tanner, a character in East Slavic folklore Film and television *''Little Nikita'', a 1988 film * ''La Femme Nikita'' (film), also known as ''Nikita'', a 1990 French-language film starring Anne Parillaud and directed by Luc Besson ** ''Point of No Return'' (film), a 1993 American adaptation of the 1990 film ''Nikita'' starring Bridget Fonda and directed by John Badham ** ''La Femme Nikita'' (TV series), a 1997–2001 Canadian television series based on 1990 film by Luc Besson, broadcast as ''Nikita'' in Canada, starring Peta Wilson ** ''Nikita'' (TV series), a 2010–2013 American television series on The CW starring Maggie Q Music * NikitA Nikita may refer to: * Nikita (given name), people with the given name, including variants * Nikita, Crimea, a town in Ukraine * Nikita the Tanner, a character in East Slavic folklore Film and television ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greeks
Greeks or Hellenes (; , ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, southern Albania, Greeks in Turkey#History, Anatolia, parts of Greeks in Italy, Italy and Egyptian Greeks, Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant Greek diaspora, diaspora (), with many Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people themselves have always been centered on the Aegean Sea, Aegean and Ionian Sea, Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental Capacity (law), legal entities. Private property is distinguishable from public property, which is owned by a state entity, and from Collective ownership, collective or cooperative property, which is owned by one or more non-governmental entities. Private property is foundational to capitalism, an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for Profit (economics), profit. As a legal concept, private property is defined and enforced by a country's political system. History The first evidence of private property may date back to the Babylonians in 1800 BC, as evidenced by the archeological discovery of Plimpton 322, a clay tablet used for calculating property boundaries; however, written discussions of private property were not seen until the Persian Empire, and emerged in the Western tradition at least as far back as Plato. Before the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meropsi
The ''sebri'' ( sr-Cyrl, себри) was the lower-half social class, commoners, of the medieval Serbian state. The status of the groups comprising the class was regulated in medieval code of laws, such as ''Dušan's Code'' (1349). It included several groups, mainly divided into: *The ''meropsi'' (меропси) or ''merophe'' (меропхе), dependent farmers. Other terms included ''zemljanin'' ("earthen an, from ''zemlja'', "land"), ''Srbljin'' (from the Serb ethnonym), or ''zemljani ljudi'' ("earthen folk"). They served either the ruler, the church, or nobility. Medieval sources allows for understanding the legal position of the church's meropsi, while that of the ruler's and nobility's ''meropsi'' is deemed insufficient. The fact that there were three groups implies that their status was not identical, however, it has been established that their status did essentially not differ. *The ''vlasi'' (власи) or ''pastiri'' (пастири), dependent shepherds. The multitude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
