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Otilio Montaño Sánchez
Otilio Edmundo Montaño Sánchez (December 13, 1877 in Villa de Ayala, Morelos – May 18, 1917 in Buenavista de Cuéllar, Guerrero) was a Zapatista general during the Mexican Revolution. Otilio Montaño was born in Morelos to Esteban Montaño and Guadalupe Sánchez in 1877. After finishing his studies in Cuautla he taught in schools in Tepalcingo, Jonacatepec and finally Ayala. In Yautepec he became acquainted with Emiliano Zapata's cousin, Amador Salazar. In 1910 he supported Francisco Madero in his struggle against Porfirio Díaz and eventually joined Felipe Neri and Amador Salazar in forming the Zapatista agrarian movement in Morelos. Because Montaño had some schooling and had worked as a school teacher, he was considered by the peasants of Morelos, who comprised the majority of Zapatista soldiers, as an "intellectual".Samuel Brunk, "Emiliano Zapata: revolution & betrayal in Mexico", UNM Press, 1995, pg. 266/ref> After Zapata broke with Madero, Otilio Montaño remaine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciudad Ayala
Ciudad Ayala is a city in the east-central part of the Mexican state of Morelos. It is named for Coronel :es:Francisco_Ayala_(insurgente), Francisco Ayala who fought with José María Morelos during the 1812 Siege of Cuautla. The town's previous name was ''Mapachtlan''. Ayala became a municipality on April 17, 1869. Ciudad Ayala had a population of 6,190 inhabitants in 2005, and 6335 in 2020. The city serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding municipality of Ayala, had a population of 85,521 inhabitants in 2015 and it has an area of and 89,834 in 2020. The municipality includes towns ''San Pedro Apatlaco'', ''Anenecuilco'', and ''Tenextepango'', which are all larger than Ciudad Ayala. The city was previously known as ''San Francisco Mapachtlan'' but was renamed in 1868 to honor :es:Francisco Ayala (insurgente), Francisco Ayala (1760–1812), who was the first leader in the modern state of Morelos to join the Cry of Dolores in 1810. The town of Anenecuilco, birthplace of Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plan Of Ayala
The Plan of Ayala (Spanish: ''Plan de Ayala'') was a document drafted by revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. In it, Zapata denounced President Francisco Madero for his perceived betrayal of the revolutionary ideals embodied in Madero's Plan de San Luis Potosí, and set out his vision of land reform.Robert P. Millon, "Zapata: The Ideology of a Peasant Revolutionary", International Publishers Co, 1995, pg. 60/ref> The Plan was first proclaimed on November 28, 1911, in the town of Ciudad Ayala, Morelos, Ayala, Morelos, and was later amended on June 19, 1914.Guillermo de la Peña, "A legacy of promises: agriculture, politics and ritual in the Morelos highlands of México", Manchester University Press ND, 1982, pg. 63/ref> The Plan of Ayala was a key document during the revolution and influenced land reform in Mexico during the 1920s and 1930s. It was the fundamental text of the Zapatistas. Background Prior to the Revolution, much of Mexico's farmabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumstantial Evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly, i.e., without need for any additional evidence or inference. Overview On its own, circumstantial evidence allows for more than one explanation. Different pieces of circumstantial evidence may be required, so that each corroborates the conclusions drawn from the others. Together, they may more strongly support one particular inference over another. An explanation involving circumstantial evidence becomes more likely once alternative explanations have been ruled out. Circumstantial evidence allows a trier of fact to infer that a fact exists. In criminal law, the inference is made by the trier of fact to support the truth of an assertion (of guilt or absence of guilt). Reasonable doubt is tied into circumstantial evidence as that evidence relies on inference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Tribunal
The Revolutionary Tribunal (; unofficially Popular Tribunal) was a court instituted by the National Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders. In October 1793, it became one of the most powerful engines of the period often called the Reign of Terror. Judicial reforms In early 1791, ''freedom of defence'' became the standard; any citizen was allowed to defend another. From the beginning, the authorities were concerned about this experiment. Derasse suggests it was a "collective suicide" by the lawyers in the Assembly. In criminal cases, the expansion of the right ... gave priority to the spoken word. By December 1791, deputies voted themselves the power to select the judges, jury and ''accusateur public''. On 15 February 1792 the ''Tribunal Criminel'' was installed with Maximilien Robespierre as ''accusateur''. On 10 April, Robespierre decided to give up his position and became an ordinary citizen who published a magazine. Along with other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Díaz Soto Y Gama
Antonio Diaz Soto y Gama (23 January 1880 – 14 March 1967) was a Mexican politician and revolutionary during the Mexican Revolution. Biography He was born in San Luis Potosí to Conrado Díaz Soto y Gama and Concepción Cruz. He studied in San Luis Potosí, first at the Instituto de la Immaculada Concepción and later at the Instituto Literario. During the early 1900s he was associated with Ricardo Flores Magón's anarchist Mexican Liberal Party, which was involved in strikes and uprisings in Mexico from 1906 to 1911. He was also active with the Magon brothers' newspaper '' El Hijo del Ahuizote''. In August 1911, together with Magón he helped co-found the successor party, "Liberal Party" (''Partido Liberal'').John Lear, "Workers, neighbors, and citizens: the revolution in Mexico City", U of Nebraska Press, 2001, pg. 158/ref> He was also the secretary and vice president of the ''Liberal Club " Ponciano Arriaga"'' (named after the 19th century lawyer) and was imprisoned by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venustiano Carranza
José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920), known as Venustiano Carranza, was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Revolution. He was previously Mexico's de facto head of state as ''Primer Jefe'' () of the Constitutionalist faction from 1914 to 1917, and previously served as a senator and governor for Coahuila. He played the leading role in drafting the Constitution of 1917 and maintained Mexican neutrality in World War I. Born in Coahuila to a prominent landowning family, he served as a senator for his state during the Porfiriato, appointed by President and de facto dictator Porfirio Díaz. After becoming alienated from Díaz, he supported the Liberal Francisco Madero's challenge to Díaz during the 1910 presidential election. Madero was defeated in a sham election and imprisoned. Madero ordered an overthrow of the government, sparking the Mexic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xochimilco
Xochimilco (; ) is a borough () of Mexico City. The borough is centered on the formerly independent city of Xochimilco, which was established on what was the southern shore of Lake Xochimilco in the precolonial period. Today, the borough consists of the 18 , or neighborhoods, of this city along with 14 , or villages, that surround it, covering an area of . The borough is in the southeastern part of the city and has an identity that is separate from the historic center of Mexico City, due to its historic separation from that city during most of its history. Xochimilco is best known for its canals, which are left from what was an extensive lake and canal system that connected most of the settlements of the Valley of Mexico. These canals, along with artificial islands called chinampas, attract tourists and other city residents to ride on colorful gondola-like boats called around the of canals. This canal and chinampa system, as a vestige of the area's precolonial past, has mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pancho Villa
Francisco "Pancho" Villa ( , , ; born José Doroteo Arango Arámbula; 5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923) was a Mexican revolutionary and prominent figure in the Mexican Revolution. He was a key figure in the revolutionary movement that forced out President and dictator Porfirio Díaz and brought Francisco I. Madero to power in 1911. When Madero was ousted by a coup led by General Victoriano Huerta in February 1913, Villa joined the anti-Huerta forces in the Constitutionalist Army led by Venustiano Carranza. After the defeat and exile of Huerta in July 1914, Villa broke with Carranza. Villa dominated the Convention of Aguascalientes, meeting of revolutionary generals that excluded Carranza and helped create a coalition government. Emiliano Zapata and Villa became formal allies in this period. Like Zapata, Villa was strongly in favor of land reform, but did not implement it when he had power. At the height of his power and popularity in late 1914 and early 1915, the U.S. conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Palafox
Manuel Palafox Ibarrola (1887 – 25 April 1959), known as El Ave Negra (), was a Mexican military who participated in the Mexican Revolution with the title of general, as well as being the trusted emissary, personal secretary and one of the most close revolutionaries to Emiliano Zapata. Early years He was born in Puebla de Zaragoza, state of Puebla, approximately in 1887, the son of Ismael Palafox and Antonia Ibarrola. He was an engineering student in his hometown and worked as a salesman and administrator for various companies in various parts of the Republic, from Oaxaca to Sinaloa. He is described as a short, thin, pockmarked man. He met Emiliano Zapata in October 1911, when he was a trusted employee at the Tenango and Santa Clara haciendas, owned by Luis García Pimentel, in whose name he made Zapata an offer. Mexican revolution He was taken prisoner but little by little he gained Zapata's trust. In the middle of 1912 he was commissioned to speak with Emilio Vázquez Gó ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felipe Neri Jiménez
Felipe Neri (sometimes known as Felipe Neri Jiménez; 23 August 1884 – January 1914) was a soldier and general in the Mexican Revolution. Early life He was born in the neighborhood of Gualupita, in Cuernavaca, Morelos, on 23 August 1884, to Pedro Neri and Faustina Jiménez. Before the Mexican Revolution Felipe Neri worked as a kiln operator at a Chinameca hacienda. The Revolution He joined the rebellion in March 1911 and took part in the Battle of Cuautla. A bomb which he mis-threw exploded nearby and left him completely deaf.Samuel Brunk, ''Emiliano Zapata: revolution & betrayal in Mexico'', UNM Press, 1995, pg. 71/ref> Subsequently he served with Emiliano Zapata, Zapata as an explosives expert and divisional general. He constructed bombs for the revolutionaries out of salmon cans.Samuel Brunk, ''Emiliano Zapata: revolution & betrayal in Mexico'', UNM Press, 1995, pg. 99/ref> According to some sources the incident that took away his hearing made Neri particularly ruthless ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genovevo De La O
Genovevo de la O (January 3, 1876 – June 12, 1952) was an important figure in the Mexican Revolution in Morelos. He was born in Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Morelos,Genovevo de la O accessed Dec 28, 2018 to sharecropper parents. He was dedicated to the plight of Mexico's peasants and came to be an outstanding Liberation Army of the South guerrilla general. After Emiliano Zapata's death, he and the other guerrillas threw their lot in with Álvaro Obregón and went on to become a minor but long-lasting figure in national politics. Early life From his earliest days, de la O stood out as a defender of his hometown and its people. He fought ceaselessly against the encroachments of the neighboring hacienda of Temixco, against deforestation, and against land dispossession in general. These crusades brought him into conflict with the law of Porfirio Díaz's regime, which sought to strengthen the hacendados at the expense of commoners. De la O grew to hate the Díaz regime, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eufemio Zapata
Eufemio Zapata Salazar (1873 in Ciudad Ayala – June 18, 1917, in Cuautla, Morelos) was a participant in the Mexican Revolution and the brother of Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata. He was known as a womanizer, a macho man, and a very heavy drinker. Military Service Born in 1873 in Villa de Ayala, Morelos, Eufemio Zapata was the son of Gabriel Zapata and Cleofas Salazar and the brother of Emiliano Zapata. After completing his primary education in his hometown, he dedicated himself to various businesses in Veracruz, where he was a peddler, reseller and merchant, among other things. In 1911, he returned to the state of Morelos, where he joined the Maderista movement, led by Pablo Torres Burgos and his brother Emiliano to fight the dictator Porfirio Díaz. In May of that year, he participated in the siege and capture of Cuautla and rose to the rank of colonel. In August, he was commissioned by his brother Emiliano Zapata to meet and finalize an agreement with Francisco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
