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Othman Wok
Othman bin Wok (8 October 1924 – 17 April 2017), often known as Othman Wok, was a Singaporean statesman who served as Minister of Social Affairs between 1963 and 1977. After retiring from politics, he was Singapore's Ambassador to Indonesia and served on the boards of the Singapore Tourism Board and Sentosa Development Corporation. For his political, economic and social contributions to the nation building of Singapore, he was awarded the Order of Nila Utama (Second Class) in 1983 by President Devan Nair. Othman is widely recognised as one of the founding fathers of Singapore. He was also one of the earliest members of the People's Action Party (PAP), and was an important figure between the local Malay–Muslim community and the party especially during the early years of independence. Early life Othman was born on 8 October 1924 in Singapore during British colonial rule, to a family of Orang Laut origins. His father, Wok Ahmad, had been a school teacher and principal. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darjah Utama Nila Utama
The Darjah Utama Nila Utama () is Singapore's third most prestigious Singaporean orders and decorations, national honour instituted in 1975. It is an Order (distinction), Order conferred by the President of Singapore and was originally intended to be the highest award to be conferred to a foreign dignitary. It was later awarded to mostly Singapore citizen, citizens of Singapore. The honour is named after the founder of the Kingdom of Singapura, Sang Nila Utama. As of 1 August 2019, the Order has three different grades: * the Order of Nila Utama (With High Distinction), * the Order of Nila Utama (With Distinction), and * the Order of Nila Utama. Recipients of the honour are entitled to use the post-nominal letters DUNU. History Prior to August 2019, the 3 grades of the Order of Nila Utama were known as: * First Class of the Order of Nila Utama * Second Class of the Order of Nila Utama * Third Class of the Order of Nila Utama Recipients See also * : Recipients of the Darj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawi Alphabet
Jawi (; ; ; ) is a writing system used for writing several languages of Southeast Asia, such as Acehnese language, Acehnese, Banjarese language, Banjarese, Betawi language, Betawi, Maguindanao language, Magindanao, Malay language, Malay, Maranao language, Mëranaw, Minangkabau language, Minangkabau, Tausug language, Tausūg, Ternate language, Ternate and many other languages in Southeast Asia. Jawi is based on the Arabic script, consisting of all 31 original Arabic letters, six letters constructed to fit phonemes native to Malay, and one additional phoneme used in foreign loanwords, but not found in Classical Arabic, which are ''ca'' ( ), ''nga'' ( ), ''pa'' ( ), ''ga'' ( ), ''va'' ( ), and ''nya'' ( ). Jawi was developed during the Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia, advent of Islam in Maritime Southeast Asia, supplanting the earlier Brahmic scripts used during Hindu-Buddhist era. The oldest evidence of Jawi writing can be found on the 14th century Terengganu Inscription Ston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic School
Catholic schools are Parochial school, parochial pre-primary, primary and secondary educational institutions administered in association with the Catholic Church. , the Catholic Church operates the world's largest parochial schools, religious, non-governmental school system. In 2016, the church supported 43,800 secondary schools and 95,200 primary schools. The schools include religious education alongside secular subjects in their curriculum. Background Across Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, a major historical driver for the establishment of Catholic schools was Irish immigration. Historically, the establishment of Catholic schools in Europe encountered various struggles following the creation of the Church of England in the Elizabethan Religious settlements of 1558–63. Anti-Catholicism in this period encouraged Catholics to create modern Catholic education systems to preserve their traditions. The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1782 (21 & 22 Geo. 3. c. 24 (I)) and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language
is the principal language of the Japonic languages, Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language. There have been many Classification of the Japonic languages, attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as Ainu languages, Ainu, Austronesian languages, Austronesian, Koreanic languages, Koreanic, and the now discredited Altaic languages, Altaic, but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Imperial Army
The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during the Meiji period, fought in numerous conflicts including the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and became a dominant force in Japanese politics. Initially formed from domain armies after the Meiji Restoration, it evolved into a powerful modern military influenced by French and German models. The IJA was responsible for several overseas military campaigns, including the invasion of Manchuria, involvement in the Boxer Rebellion, and fighting across the Asia-Pacific during the Pacific War. Notorious for committing widespread Japanese war crimes, war crimes, the army was dissolved after Japan's surrender in 1945, and its functions were succeeded by the Japan Ground Self-D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of Singapore
, officially , was the name for Colony of Singapore, Singapore when it was occupied and ruled by the Empire of Japan, following the fall and surrender of British military forces on 15 February 1942 during World War II. The Japanese military forces occupied Singapore after defeating the combined British Army during the Second World War, British, British Raj, Indian, Australian, British Malaya, Malayan and the Straits Settlements garrison in the Battle of Singapore within 7 days. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations, including those of Japan, Britain, and Singapore. Singapore was renamed Syonan-to, meaning "Light of the South Island" and was also included as part of the . Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945, following the formal signing of the surrender at the Municipal Building, Singapore, Municipal Building, currently known as City Hall. After the return of the British, there was gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orang Laut
The Orang Laut are several seafaring ethnic groups and tribes living around Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia and the Indonesian Riau Islands. The Orang Laut are commonly identified as the Orang Seletar from the Straits of Johor, but the term may also refer to any Malayic languages, Malayic-speaking people living on coastal islands, including those of the Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar and Thailand, commonly known as Moken. The population of the tribe in the 21st century is estimated to be 420,000 people. Etymology The Malay language, Malay term literally means 'sea peoples'. The Orang Laut live and travel in their boats on the sea. They made their living from fishing and collecting sea products. Another Malay term for them, (literally 'Strait of Malacca, Straits people'), was brought into European languages as ''Celates''. Distribution Broadly speaking, the term encompasses the numerous tribes and groups inhabiting the islands and estuaries in the Ria Archipelago, the Pulau Tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In Singapore
Islam constitutes the third largest religion in Singapore, after Buddhism and Christianity. Muslims account for approximately 15.6% of the population, as indicated by the 2020 census. Singaporean Muslims are predominantly Sunni Islam, Sunni adhering to either the Shafi‘i or Hanafi Madhhab, schools of thought. The majority of Muslims, about 80%, are ethnic Malay Singaporean, Malays, while 13% are of Indian Singaporean, Indian descent; the remaining fraction comprises local Chinese Singaporean, Chinese, Eurasians in Singapore, Eurasian, and Arab Singaporeans, Arab communities, in addition to foreign migrants. Legal history Since the introduction of Islam in the region in the 14th century, Islamic bureaucracy formed an integral part of the administrative systems of the Malay Sultanates. In the 1500s, the Malacca Sultanate, Sultanate of Melaka was recorded to have applied Sharia, Sharia law, a practice which was continued by the Johor Sultanate, Johore Sultanate, of which Singapo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Singaporeans
Malay Singaporeans () are Singaporeans of Malay ancestry, including those from the Malay Archipelago. They constitute approximately 13.5% of the country's residents, making them the second largest ethnic group in Singapore. Under the Constitution of Singapore, they are recognised by the government as the indigenous people of the country, with Malay as the national language of Singapore. At the time of the arrival of British colonial official Stamford Raffles in 1819, the native Malays were the majority living on the island, which at the time had a total estimated population of approximately 1,000. Another estimate placed that at the time of his arrival, the population was 120 Malays, 30 Chinese and some local indigenous Orang Laut tribes. From the 19th century until World War II, the Malays enjoyed favourable treatment whereby they were not resettled for labour and their traditional lifestyles were generally left undisturbed. However, as the British needed "coolies", this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devan Nair
Chengara Veetil Devan Nair (5 August 1923 – 6 December 2005), also known as C. V. Devan Nair, better known as Devan Nair, was a Singaporean politician and union leader who served as the third president of Singapore from 1981 until his resignation in 1985. Politically active in both Malaysia and Singapore, Nair was a communist in his youth, having been affiliated with the Malayan Communist Party (MCP). He held strong anti-colonial views and advocated for Singapore's self-determination at a time when it was still a British colony, which led to his detention by the British authorities in 1951. In 1954, he joined the People's Action Party (PAP). He was detained once more following the Chinese middle school student riots in 1956 and remained in custody until the PAP's landslide victory in the 1959 general election, after which he was released. In 1961, he founded the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) and served as its Secretary-General until 1965. During his parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President Of Singapore
The president of the Republic of Singapore, is the head of state of Singapore. The president represents the country in official diplomatic functions and possesses certain executive powers over the government of Singapore, including the control of the Reserves of the Government of Singapore, national reserves and the ability to revoke and appoint public service appointments. After Singapore achieved Self-governance of Singapore#Full internal self-government (1959–1963), full internal self-governance from the British Empire in 1959, the ceremonial office of the ''Yang di-Pertuan Negara'' ( "Lord of the State") was created. The office was later succeeded by the President of Singapore after Singapore's Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965, independence in 1965. The initial role of the president was largely ceremonial and symbolic, carrying limited residual powers; prior to 1991, the president was solely appointed by Parliament. Singapore follows a Head of state#Non-executi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
