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Osnaburg
Osnaburg is a general term for coarse, plain-weave fabric. It also refers specifically to a historic fabric originally woven in flax but also in tow or jute, and from flax or tow warp with a mixed or jute weft. Historic osnaburg Osnaburg fabric may have been first imported into English-speaking countries from the German city of Osnabrück, from which it gets its name. Scottish weavers produced a coarse lint- or tow-based linen imitation in the later 1730s, which quickly became the most important variety in east-central Scotland. Sales quadrupled, from 0.5 million yards in 1747 to 2.2 million yards in 1758. It was exported mainly to England, the Netherlands, and Britain's colonies in America. In the Atlantic plantation complex, prior to the abolition of slavery, osnaburg was the fabric most often used for slave garments. It was in widespread use worldwide for general utility and housework, with finer varieties used as common sheeting. Grades contained from 20 to 36 threads ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Negro Cloth
Negro cloth or Lowell cloth was a coarse and strong cloth used for slaves' clothing in the West Indies and the Southern Colonies. The cloth was imported from Europe (primarily Wales) in the 18th and 19th centuries. The name ''Lowell cloth'' came from the town Lowell in Massachusetts, United States, where the cloth was produced. The Act of 1735 South Carolina's Negro Act of 1735 had various cheap materials dictated for slave clothes that include ''Negro cloth, duffelds, course kiersies, osnaburg, blue linen, checked linen, coarse calicoes and checked kinds of cotton''. Types Negro cloth was a woven material made of cotton or blended coarse threads also homespun. These were inexpensive and lower grades of cloth. Certain long cloths of coarser varieties and Salampore were among recognized Indian materials; the Dutch merchants called them ''Guinea or Negro cloth.'' ''Guinea cloth'' was a generic term for various inferior Indian piece goods traded for the purpose, such as ine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osnabrück
Osnabrück (; ; archaic English: ''Osnaburg'') is a city in Lower Saxony in western Germany. It is situated on the river Hase in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest. With a population of 168,145 Osnabrück is the fourth largest city in Lower Saxony. More recently Osnabrück has become well known for its industry. Numerous companies in the automobile, paper, steel and grocery sectors are located in the city and its surrounding area. In spite of the massive destruction inflicted on the city during World War II, the Altstadt (old town) was eventually reconstructed extensively with designs loyal to the original medieval architecture there. Osnabrück was also the home of the largest British garrison outside the United Kingdom. Osnabrück's modern, urban image is enhanced by the presence of more than 22,000 students studying at the University and the University of Applied Sciences. Although part of the state of Lower Saxony, his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fabric
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, and different types of fabric. At first, the word "textiles" only referred to woven fabrics. However, weaving is not the only manufacturing method, and many other methods were later developed to form textile structures based on their intended use. Knitting and non-woven are other popular types of fabric manufacturing. In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns. Textiles are divided into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and technical textiles. In consumer textiles, aesthetics and comfort are the most important factors, while in technical textiles, functional properties are the priority. The durability of textiles is an important property, with common cotton or blend garments (such as t-shirts) able to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Negroes (novel)
The ''Book of Negroes'' is a document created by Brigadier General Samuel Birch (military officer), Samuel Birch, under the direction of Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, Sir Guy Carleton, that records names and descriptions of 3,000 Black Loyalists, enslaved Africans who escaped to the British lines during the American Revolution and were evacuated to points in Nova Scotia as free people of colour. Background The first African person in Nova Scotia arrived with the founding of Port-Royal (Acadia), Port Royal in 1605. African people were then brought as slaves to Nova Scotia during the founding of Louisbourg and Halifax, Nova Scotia, Halifax. The first major migration of African people to Nova Scotia happened during the American Revolution. Slavery in the United States, Enslaved Africans in America who escaped to the British during the American Revolutionary War became the first settlement of Black Nova Scotians and Black Canadians. Other Black Loyalists were transported t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woven Fabrics
Woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. Woven fabrics, often created on a loom, are made of many threads woven in a warp and weft. Technically, a woven fabric is any fabric made by interlacing two or more threads at right angles to one another. Woven fabrics can be made of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or a mixture of both, such as cotton and polyester. Woven fabrics are used for clothing, garments, decorations, furniture, carpets and other uses. Production process Yarn preparation Fibers are spun into yarns and prepared with specific properties tailored for either the warp (longitudinal yarns) or the weft (transverse yarns). Warping The warp yarns are arranged on a beam to prepare for weaving. The warp threads are held taut and parallel, and as such must be strong and durable. Weaving During weaving, the weft yarn passes over and under the warp yarns in various patterns. The primary types of weaves are plain weave, Twill, twill weave, and Satin, satin weave. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. Chile had a population of 17.5 million as of the latest census in 2017 and has a territorial area of , sharing borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández Islands, Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas Islands, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish language, Spanish. Conquest of Chile, Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Incas in Central Chile, Inca rule; however, they Arauco War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Twill
Twill is a type of textile Textile is an Hyponymy and hypernymy, umbrella term that includes various Fiber, fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, Staple (textiles)#Filament fiber, filaments, Thread (yarn), threads, and different types of #Fabric, fabric. ... weave with a pattern of parallel, diagonal ribs. It is one of three fundamental types of weave, along with plain weave and satin. It is made by passing the weft thread over one or more warp threads then under two or more warp threads and so on, with a "step", or offset, between rows to create the characteristic diagonal pattern. Due to this structure, twill generally drapes well. Classification Twill weaves can be classified from four points of view: # According to the stepping: #* ''Warp-way'': 3/1 warp way twill, etc. #* ''Weft-way'': 2/3 weft way twill, etc. # According to the direction of twill lines on the face of the fabric: #* ''S-twill'', or ''left-hand twill weave'': 2/1 S, etc. #* ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton
Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor percentages of waxes, fats, pectins, and water. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, Egypt and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable, and durable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated to the fifth millennium BC have been found in the Indus Valley civilizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ta-Nehisi Coates
Ta-Nehisi Paul Coates ( ; born September 30, 1975) is an American author, journalist, and activist. He gained a wide readership during his time as national correspondent at ''The Atlantic'', where he wrote about cultural, social, and political issues, particularly regarding African Americans and white supremacy.Fortin, Jacey (July 20, 2018)"Ta-Nehisi Coates Is Leaving The Atlantic" ''The New York Times''. In 2015, Coates received a MacArthur Fellowship from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Foundation. His work has been published in numerous periodicals. He has published four nonfiction books: ''The Beautiful Struggle'' (2008), ''Between the World and Me'' (2015), ''We Were Eight Years in Power: An American Tragedy'' (2017), and ''The Message (Coates book), The Message'' (2024). ''Between the World and Me'' won the 2015 National Book Award for Nonfiction. He has also written a ''Black Panther (comics), Black Panther'' series and a ''Captain America'' se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Hill
Lawrence Hill (born January 24, 1957) is a Canadian novelist, essayist, and memoirist. He is known for his 2007 novel '' The Book of Negroes'', inspired by the Black Loyalists given freedom and resettled in Nova Scotia by the British after the American Revolutionary War, and his 2001 memoir ''Black Berry, Sweet Juice: On Being Black and White in Canada''. ''The Book of Negroes'' was adapted for a TV mini-series produced in 2015. He was selected in 2013 for the Massey Lectures: he drew from his non-fiction book ''Blood: The Stuff of Life'', published that year. His ten books include other non-fiction and fictional works, and some have been translated into other languages and published in numerous other countries. Hill was born in Newmarket, Ontario, to an American couple who had immigrated to Toronto from Washington, D.C., in 1953. His father was black and his mother was white. Hill served as chair of the jury for the 2016 Scotiabank Giller Prize. Personal life and education Hil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jubilee Trail
''Jubilee Trail'' is an American novel written by Gwen Bristow, published in 1950. It follows the adventures of two strong women in the mid-19th century as they travel across the United States to the then-Mexico, Mexican territory of California. The novel is still in print, with forewords included by Nancy E. Turner and Sandra Dallas. The rights to the book were purchased at great expense by Republic Pictures as a starring vehicle for B movie actress Vera Ralston, Vera Hrubá Ralston, who was married to the head of studio. ''Jubilee Trail (film), Jubilee Trail'' was released in 1954. In the ''National Review'' in 1996, journalist Florence King described ''Jubilee Trail'' as a "good girl/bad girl western in which the male characters are all satellites". Plot summary The story begins with Garnet Cameron, an 18-year-old young woman from upper-class New York City, New York society. Garnet has just graduated from her finishing school and is trying to find a direction for her life now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doug Dorst
Doug Dorst is an American novelist, short story writer, and creative writing instructor. Dorst is a graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop and the Stegner Fellowship at Stanford University. He is the current director of the MFA Program in Creative Writing at Texas State University in San Marcos. Dorst is the author of the novel ''Alive in Necropolis'', a runner-up for the 2008 Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award, winner of the Emperor Norton Award, and San Francisco's 2009 One City One Book selection. His collection ''The Surf Guru'' (also on Riverhead Books) was well-received and longlisted for the Frank O'Connor Short Story Award. October 2013 saw the release of ''S.'', a novel Dorst wrote in collaboration with '' Lost'' co-creator J. J. Abrams. Dorst was a three-time ''Jeopardy! ''Jeopardy!'' is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show is a quiz competition that reverses the traditional question-and-answer format of many quiz shows. Rather than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
