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Osman Achmatowicz
Osman Achmatowicz (April 16, 1899 – December 4, 1988) was a Polish chemist of Lipka Tatars, Lipka Tatar descent, who studied alkaloid Natural product, natural products. His son, Osman Achmatowicz Jr., (also a chemist) is credited with the Achmatowicz reaction in 1971. Biography Professor Osman Achmatowicz was a Lipka Tatars, Polish Tatar of Muslims, Islamic confession. The sixth of eight children in the noble family of jurist Alexander Achmatowicz, he was born at the ancestral estate Bergaliszki, near Oszmania, Congress Poland, Oszmania, on 16 March 1899. Educated at the Royal Corps (Russia), Royal Corps in Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg (then Petrograd), he was admitted to higher studies at the Mining Institute of Petrograd in 1916. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Bolshevik uprising interrupted the school's work, he worked temporarily as an apprentice at the Golubowka coal mine in the Donbas, Donetsk Basin. In 1919, after his arrival in Treaty of Versailles, newly-indep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Of Chemistry
A Master of Chemistry (or MChem) degree is a specific master's degree for courses in the field of Chemistry. United Kingdom In the UK, the M.Chem degree is an undergraduate award, available after pursuing a four- or five-year course of study at a university. It is classed as a level 7 qualification in the National Qualifications Framework. In England the M.Chem degree is a 4-year course, whereas in Scotland the M.Chem degree is a 5-year course. Structure In terms of course structure, M.Chem degrees have the same content that is usually seen in other degree programmes, i.e. lectures, laboratory work, coursework and exams each year. There are also usually one or more substantial projects undertaken in the fourth year, which may well have research elements. At the end of the second or third years, there is usually a threshold of academic performance in examinations to be reached to allow progression into the final year. Final results are awarded on the standard British undergradu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brucine
Brucine is an alkaloid closely related to strychnine, most commonly found in the ''Strychnos nux-vomica'' tree. Brucine poisoning is rare, since it is usually ingested with strychnine, and strychnine is more toxic than brucine. In chemical synthesis, it can be used as a tool for stereospecific chemical syntheses. Brucine's name derives from this of the genus '' Brucea'', named after James Bruce who brought back ''Brucea antidysenterica'' from Ethiopia. History Brucine was discovered in 1819 by the French chemist Pelletier and the French pharmacist Caventou in the bark of the ''Strychnos nux-vomica'' tree. While its chemical structure was not deduced until much later, it was determined that it was closely related to strychnine in 1884 when the chemist Hanssen converted both strychnine and brucine into the same molecule. Identification Brucine can be detected and quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Historically, brucine was distinguished from strych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strychnine
Strychnine (, , American English, US chiefly ) is a highly toxicity, toxic, colorless, bitter, crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as birds and rodents. Strychnine, when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through the eyes or mouth, causes Strychnine poisoning, poisoning which results in muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia. While it is no longer used medicinally, it was used historically in small doses to strengthen muscle contractions, such as a heart and bowel stimulant and performance-enhancing drug. The most common source is from the seeds of the ''Strychnos nux-vomica'' tree. Biosynthesis Strychnine is a terpene indole alkaloid belonging to the ''Strychnos'' family of ''Corynanthe'' alkaloids, and it is derived from tryptamine and secologanin. The biosynthesis of strychnine was solved in 2022. The enzyme, strictosidine synthase, catalyzes the condensation of tryptamine and secologanin, followed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Robinson (organic Chemist)
Sir Robert Robinson (13 September 1886 – 8 February 1975) was a British organic chemist and List of Nobel laureates, Nobel laureate recognised in 1947 for his research on plant dyestuffs (anthocyanins) and alkaloids. In 1947, he also received the Medal of Freedom (1945), Medal of Freedom with Silver Palm. Biography Early life He was born at Rufford House Farm, near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, Chesterfield, Derbyshire the son of James Bradbury Robinson, a maker of surgical dressings, and his wife, Jane Davenport. Robinson went to school at the Brookfield Community School, Chesterfield, Chesterfield Grammar School and the private Fulneck School. He then studied chemistry at the Victoria University of Manchester, University of Manchester, graduating BSc in 1905. In 1907 he was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 to continue his research at the University of Manchester. He was appointed as the first Professor of Pure and App ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Henry Perkin
Sir William Henry Perkin (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline. Though he failed in trying to synthesise quinine for the treatment of malaria, he became successful in the field of dyes after his first discovery at the age of 18. Perkin set up a factory to produce the dye industrially. Lee Blaszczyk, professor of business history at the University of Leeds, states, "By laying the foundation for the synthetic organic chemicals industry, Perkin helped to revolutionize the world of fashion." Early years William Perkin was born in the East End of London, the youngest of the seven children of George Perkin, a successful carpenter. His mother, Sarah, was of Scottish descent and moved to East London as a child.UXL Encyclopedia of World Biography (2003). Accessed 18 March 2008. He was baptized in the Anglican parish church of St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyson Perrins Laboratory
The Dyson Perrins Laboratory is in the science area of the University of Oxford and was the main centre for research into organic chemistry of the University from its foundation in 1916 until its closure as a research laboratory in 2003. Until 2018, parts of the building were used as teaching laboratories in which undergraduate students were trained in practical organic chemistry. It was founded with an endowment from Charles Dyson Perrins, heir to the Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce company, and stands on the north side of South Parks Road in Oxford. Notable chemists The heads of the laboratory were the four consecutive Waynflete Professors of Chemistry: # William Henry Perkin, Jr., from 1912 to 1929; # Robert Robinson (organic chemist), Sir Robert Robinson, from 1930 to 1954. Nobel Prize winner, 1947; # Ewart Jones, Sir Ewart Jones, from 1954 to 1978; # Jack Baldwin (chemist), Sir Jack Baldwin, from 1978 to 2003. During its 87-year working life, the laboratory had an ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-doctoral Fellow
A postdoctoral fellow, postdoctoral researcher, or simply postdoc, is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD). Postdocs most commonly, but not always, have a temporary academic appointment, sometimes in preparation for an academic faculty position. According to data from the US National Science Foundation, the number of holders of PhD in biological sciences who end up in tenure track has consistently dropped from over 50% in 1973 to less than 20% in 2006. They continue their studies or carry out research and further increase expertise in a specialist subject, including integrating a team and acquiring novel skills and research methods. Postdoctoral research is often considered essential while advancing the scholarly mission of the host institution; it is expected to produce relevant publications in peer-reviewed academic journals or conferences. In some countries, postdoctoral research may lead to further for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Culture Fund Of Poland
The Fund for National Culture (Polish: ''Fundusz Kultury Narodowej'', FKN) was a Polish state foundation with headquarters in Warsaw, operating in the Second Polish Republic, between 1928–1939 and later during the war with the support of the Polish government in exile. The Fund was subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior, and later, to the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. History The Fund for National Culture was established in 1928. It was subsidized by the state and supported by contributions from private individuals and institutions. The Fund's task was to support Polish scientific and artistic enterprises through: allowances and scholarships for individual persons, subsidies for publishing houses and subsidies for scientific and artistic institutions and teams. Among the beneficiaries, that obtained subsidies for the implementation of specific scientific and research projects, was the Polish Academy of Learning. The Fund for National Culture was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bornylene
Bornylene is an organic compound classified as a terpenoid. It is a bicyclic alkene related structurally to the more common norbornene, which lacks the three methyl groups found in bornylene. It is chiral, but only one enantiomer is common in nature. It occurs widely as a component of the volatile organic compounds emitted by forests. It can be derived synthetically from camphor Camphor () is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma. It is classified as a terpenoid and a cyclic ketone. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (''Cinnamomum camphora''), a large evergreen tree found in East Asia; and in the kapu ... via its tosylhydrazone.{{cite journal, title=2-Bornene , journal=Organic Syntheses, page=6, year=1971, volume= 51, doi=10.15227/orgsyn.051.0066, first1=Robert H., last1=Shapiro, first2=J. H., last2=Duncan References Monoterpenes Cyclopentanes Cyclohexenes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons are generally colourless and Hydrophobe, hydrophobic; their odor is usually faint, and may be similar to that of gasoline or Naphtha, lighter fluid. They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases (such as methane and propane), liquids (such as hexane and benzene), low melting solids (such as paraffin wax and naphthalene) or polymers (such as polyethylene and polystyrene). In the fossil fuel industries, ''hydrocarbon'' refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers. Most anthropogenic (human-generated) emissions of greenhouse gases are eithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicyclic Molecule
A bicyclic molecule () is a molecule that features two joined rings. Bicyclic structures occur widely, for example in many biologically important molecules like α-thujene and camphor. A bicyclic compound can be carbocyclic (all of the ring atoms are carbons), or heterocyclic (the rings' atoms consist of at least two elements), like DABCO. Moreover, the two rings can both be aliphatic (''e.g.'' decalin and norbornane), or can be aromatic (''e.g.'' naphthalene), or a combination of aliphatic and aromatic (''e.g.'' tetralin). Three modes of ring junction are possible for a bicyclic compound: * In spiro compounds, the two rings share only one single atom, the spiro atom, which is usually a quaternary carbon. An example of a spirocyclic compound is the photochromic switch spiropyran. * In fused/condensed bicyclic compounds, two rings share two adjacent atoms. In other words, the rings share one covalent bond, ''i.e.'' the bridgehead atoms are directly connected (''e.g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
