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Orthotropic
Orthotropic may refer to: * Orthotropic material is one that has different material properties or strengths in different orthogonal directions (e.g., glass-reinforced plastic, or wood) * Orthotropic deck, in bridge design, is one made from solid steel plate * Orthotropic movement, in botany, is a type of tropism In biology, a tropism is a phenomenon indicating the growth or turning movement of an organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus (physiology), stimulus. In tropisms, this response is dependent on the direction of the s ... along the same axis as the stimulus * Orthotropics, a method claimed to be able to guide facial growth {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthotropic Deck
An orthotropic bridge or orthotropic deck is typically one whose fabricated deck consists of a structural steel deck plate stiffened either longitudinally with ribs or transversely, or in both directions. This allows the fabricated deck both to directly bear vehicular loads and to contribute to the bridge structure's overall load-bearing behaviour. The orthotropic deck may be integral with or supported on a grid of deck framing members, such as transverse floor beams and longitudinal girders. All these various choices for the stiffening elements, e.g., ribs, floor beams and main girders, can be interchanged, resulting in a great variety of orthotropic panels. Decks with different stiffnesses in longitudinal and transverse directions are called 'orthotropic'. If the stiffnesses are similar in the two directions, then the deck is called 'isotropic'. The steel deck-plate-and-ribs system may be idealized for analytical purposes as an orthogonal-anisotropic plate, hence the abbrev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthotropic Material
In material science and solid mechanics, orthotropic materials have material properties at a particular point which differ along three orthogonal axes, where each axis has twofold rotational symmetry. These directional differences in strength can be quantified with Hankinson's equation. They are a subset of anisotropic materials, because their properties change when measured from different directions. A familiar example of an orthotropic material is wood. In wood, one can define three mutually perpendicular directions at each point in which the properties are different. It is most stiff (and strong) along the grain (axial direction), because most cellulose fibrils are aligned that way. It is usually least stiff in the radial direction (between the growth rings), and is intermediate in the circumferential direction. This anisotropy was provided by evolution, as it best enables the tree to remain upright. Because the preferred coordinate system is cylindrical-polar, this type of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropism
In biology, a tropism is a phenomenon indicating the growth or turning movement of an organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus (physiology), stimulus. In tropisms, this response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus (as opposed to nastic movements, which are non-directional responses). Tropisms are usually named for the stimulus involved; for example, a phototropism is a movement to the light source, and an anemotropism is the response and adaptation of plants to the wind. Tropisms occur in three sequential steps. First, there is a sensation to a stimulus. Next, signal transduction occurs. And finally, the directional growth response occurs. Tropisms can be regarded by Ethology, ethologists as ''taxis'' (directional response) or ''kinesis (biology), kinesis'' (non-directional response). The Cholodny–Went model, proposed in 1927, is an early model describing tropism in emerging shoots of monocotyledons, including the tendencies for the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
