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Orlengate
Orlengate () was one of the biggest political scandals in modern Poland, Polish history. Disclosed in 2004, the scandal began with the arrest of Andrzej Modrzejewski, former CEO of Orlen, PKN Orlen, on 7 February 2002 by the Office of State Protection, Office of State Protection (UOP). In 2004, Sejm initiated an investigatory committee to investigate the scandal. Modrzejewski was arrested as per the order of the attorney general's office. The arrest was a source of controversy from the beginning, carried out on the eve of a board of directors meeting. Two hours before the meeting, Modrzejewki was released and the board removed him from his position. Former Treasury Minister Wiesław Kaczmarek stated in an interview with Gazeta Wyborcza that the real purpose of the arrest was to provoke Modrzejewki's dismissal and to block the signing of a contract for oil worth 14 billion USD. According to this interview, the decision to arrest Modrzejewski was taken during an unofficial meeting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orlen
Orlen S.A. (formerly ), commonly known as Orlen, is a Polish multinational corporation, multinational oil refiner, petrol retailer and natural gas trader headquartered in Płock, Poland. The company's subsidiaries include the main oil and gas companies of the Czech Republic and Lithuania, Unipetrol and Orlen Lietuva, respectively. The corporation is a significant European publicly traded firm with operations in Poland as well as Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Pakistan, and Slovakia. As of , the largest shareholder of the company is the Polish state (via the State Treasury) with 49.9% of the shares, ahead of Nationale-Nederlanden OFE with 5.2% of the shares. The company is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and, as of 2023, its reported revenue constituted over PLN 373 billion (ca. US$90 billion). It employs over 64,000 people, owns more than 3,400 service stations in seven countries and markets its products to over 100 countrie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gazeta Wyborcza
(; ''The Electoral Gazette'' in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. It was launched on 8 May 1989 on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement and as a press organ of the Solidarity (Polish trade union), trade union "Solidarity" in the election campaign before the Contract Sejm. Initially created to cover Poland's first partially free parliamentary elections, it rapidly grew into a major publication, reaching a circulation of over 500,000 copies at its peak in the 1990s. It is published by Agora (company), Agora, with its original editor-in-chief Adam Michnik, appointed by Lech Wałęsa, is one of Poland's newspaper of record, newspapers of record, covering the gamut of political, international and general news from a Leftism, left-Liberalism, liberal perspective. ''Gazeta Wyborcza'' also publishes thematic supplements addressing topics such as economy, law, education, and health, including ''Duży Format'', ''Co Jest Grane 24'', and ''Wys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Kulczyk
Jan Jerzy Kulczyk (24 June 1950 – 29 July 2015) was a Polish billionaire businessman. He was the founder and owner of Kulczyk Holding (headquartered in Warsaw) and an international investment house Kulczyk Investments (former name: Kulczyk Investment House) with headquarters in Luxembourg and offices in London and Kyiv, Ukraine. According to ''Forbes'', Kulczyk was the richest Pole at the time of his death. Education Kulczyk graduated from VI Jan i Jędrzej Śniadeccy Secondary School in Bydgoszcz in 1968. He studied law at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and foreign trade at the Poznań University of Economics and Business (then: Academy of Economics in Poznań). He received a doctorate in political sciences and international law in 1975. He was also a researcher at the Institute for Western Affairs in Poznań, where he dealt with German issues (member of the Institute's honorary committee). Business career In 1981, Kulczyk founded his first company with money from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zbigniew Wassermann
Zbigniew Franciszek Wassermann (; 17 September 1949 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish politician. He was an MP representing Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość). Wassermann was born in Kraków. He was a graduate in law from Jagiellonian University (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Wydział Prawa) and member of Sejm, lower house of Polish parliament, elected in Krakow constituency. From July 2004, he was a member and the vice-chairman of PKN Orlen investigation commission. From November 2005 to November 2007 he was Minister of Special Forces in the Governments of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jarosław Kaczyński. He was listed on the flight manifest of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Giertych
Roman Jacek Giertych (; born 27 February 1971) is a Polish political figure and advocate. Giertych served in a PiS-led government as Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of National Education from May 2006 to August 2007. He was a member of the Sejm from 2001 to 2007 and the chairman of the League of Polish Families party and, in 1989, founder of the Polish nationalist and far-right organization All-Polish Youth. Since 2007, he has run his law firm in Warsaw, representing clients in various high-profile cases. He is a member of the Sejm again, effectively for KO, since late 2023. In mid-2025, he also joined the KO parliamentary groups major subsidiary party, Platforma Obywatelska. Early life Born in Śrem, Roman Giertych comes from a family of Polish politicians, a son of Maciej Giertych and a grandson of Jędrzej Giertych. His uncle on his father's side is Wojciech Giertych, O.P., Theologian of the Pontifical Household and professor of theology at the Pontifica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People's Party
The Polish People's Party (, PSL) is a conservative political party in Poland. It is currently led by Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz. Its history traces back to 1895, when it held the name People's Party, although its name was changed to the present one in 1903. During the Second Polish Republic, the Polish People's Party was represented by a number of parties that held its name. They were all supportive of agrarian policies, although they spanned from the left-wing to the centre-right on the political spectrum. It was reformed to the People's Party shortly after the Sanacja regime took power. It took part into the formation of Polish government-in-exile during the World War II, and after the war it was again reformed into the Polish People's Party, and soon after into the United People's Party. During the existence of the Polish People's Republic, it was seen as a satellite party of the ruling Polish United Workers' Party that promoted rural interests. After the fall of co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Józef Gruszka
Józef Zbigniew Gruszka (16 March 1947 – 7 June 2020) was a Polish politician, Member of Parliament, representing Polish People's Party. Gruszka was born in Kwiatków. He was a graduate of the State Agricultural School (''Państwowe Technikum Rolnicze'') and a member of Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament, elected in Kalisz constituency. From July 2004, he was a member of PKN Orlen investigation commission and, until April 2005, he was also the chairman of the commission. He died in Ostrów Wielkopolski Ostrów Wielkopolski () (often abbreviated ''Ostrów Wlkp.'', formerly called simply ''Ostrów'', , Latin: ''Ostrovia'') is a city in west-central Poland with 70,982 inhabitants (2021), situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship; the seat of Ostr .... References 1947 births 2020 deaths Members of the Polish Sejm 1993–1997 Members of the Polish Sejm 1997–2001 Members of the Polish Sejm 2001–2005 {{Poland-Sejm-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (, born 13 September 1950 in Warsaw) is a Polish politician who served as Prime Minister of Poland for a year from 7 February 1996 to 31 October 1997, after being defeated in the Parliamentary elections by the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). Career Cimoszewicz was a member of the left-wing Democratic Left Alliance the leftist candidate in the Polish presidential election of 1990, receiving 9 percent of the vote. Cimoszewicz was the Prime Minister of Poland from 1996 to late 1997. October 1996, he became the chairman (office in the rank of minister) of the newly established Committee for European Integration, responsible for preparing Poland for accession negotiations with the European Union. He held this position until 31 October 1997. Cimoszewicz was the Foreign Minister of Poland in the governments of Leszek Miller (2001–2004) and Marek Belka (2004–2005). It was during this time that he, along with Leszek Miller, signed the Accession Treaty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families ( Polish: ''Liga Polskich Rodzin,'' , LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past. The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage. It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński until the latter dissolved in September 2007. In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist. The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations. History The LPR was created just before the elections in 2001 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Platform
The Civic Platform (, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (''Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej''). is a Centre-right politics, centre-right liberal conservative political party in Poland. Since 2021, it has been led by Donald Tusk, who previously led it from 2003 to 2014 and was President of the European Council from 2014 to 2019. It was formed in 2001 by splinter factions from the Solidarity Electoral Action, the Freedom Union (Poland), Freedom Union and the Conservative People's Party (Poland), Conservative People's Party, and it later placed second in the 2001 Polish parliamentary election. It remained at the opposition until the 2007 Polish parliamentary election, 2007 Polish parliamentary opposition, when it overtook Law and Justice, won 209 seats, and Tusk was elected as prime minister of Poland, Prime Minister of Poland. Following the Smolensk air disaster in 2010, Bronisław Komorowski served as acting president of Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law And Justice (Poland)
Law and Justice ( , PiS) is a right-wing populist and national-conservative political party in Poland. The party is a member of European Conservatives and Reformists Group. Its chairman has been Jarosław Kaczyński since 18 January 2003. It was founded in 2001 by Jarosław and Lech Kaczyński as a direct successor of the Centre Agreement after it split from the Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS). It won the 2005 parliamentary and presidential elections, after which Lech became the president of Poland. It headed a parliamentary coalition with the League of Polish Families and Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland between 2005 and the 2007 election. It placed second and they remained in the parliamentary opposition until 2015. It regained the presidency in the 2015 election, and later won a majority of seats in the parliamentary election. They retained the positions following the 2019 and 2020 election, but lost their majority following the 2023 Polish parliam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
