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Original Settlers (Freetown)
The Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor was a charitable organisation founded in London in 1786 to provide sustenance for distressed people of African and Asian origin. It played a crucial role in the proposal to form a colony for blacks in Sierra Leone. The work of the Committee overlapped to some extent with the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the British Empire. The Poor Black in 18th-century Britain The "Black Poor" was the collective name given in the 18th century indigent residents of the capital who were of black descent. The Black Poor had diverse origins. The core of the community were people who had been brought to London as a result of the Atlantic slave trade, sometimes as slaves or indentured servants who had served on slave ships. The numbers of the Black Poor were increased by slaves who ran away from their owners, and found refuge in the London communities. From as early as 1596, Queen Elizabeth I complained about the presence of "blackamoore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black British
Black British people or Black Britons"Black Briton, N." ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Oxford UP. December 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/1136579918. are a multi-ethnic group of British people of List of ethnic groups of Africa, Sub-Saharan African or Afro-Caribbean people, Afro-Caribbean descent.Gadsby, Meredith (2006), ''Sucking Salt: Caribbean Women Writers, Migration, and Survival'', University of Missouri Press, pp. 76–77. The term ''Black British'' developed during the 1960s,"Black British, N. & Adj." ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Oxford UP. December 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/2659161428. referring to Black British people from the former British West Indies (sometimes called the Windrush Generation), and from Africa. The term ''black'' has historically had a number of applications as a Political blackness, racial and political label. It may also be used in a wider sociopolitical context to encompass a broader range of non-European minority group, ethnic minori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wigmore Street
Wigmore Street is a street in the City of Westminster, in the West End of London. The street runs for about 600 yards parallel and to the north of Oxford Street between Portman Square to the west and Cavendish Square to the east. It is named after the village of Wigmore and its castle in Herefordshire, a seat of the family of Robert Harley, politician around the time of Queen Anne, who owned land in the area. Numbers 18-22 Wigmore Street, the Brinsmead Galleries, were built in 1892, designed by Leonard V. Hunt for John Brinsmead & Sons piano manufacturers. There are nine showrooms. The well-known Wigmore Hall concert hall (at No 36 Wigmore Street) was also built by a piano manufacturers, the German company C. Bechstein Pianofortefabrik in 1899–1901, with a showroom next door. It is located on the north side, just to the east of the junction with Welbeck Street. For about a hundred years beginning in the late 19th century, Wigmore Street had a great concentration of op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Advertiser
The ''Public Advertiser'' was a London newspaper in the 18th century. The ''Public Advertiser'' was originally known as the ''London Daily Post and General Advertiser'', then simply the ''General Advertiser'' consisting more or less exclusively of adverts. It was taken over by its printer, Henry Woodfall (1713–1769), and relaunched as the ''Public Advertiser'' with much more news content. In 1758, the printer's nineteen-year-old son, Henry Sampson Woodfall took it over. H. S. Woodfall sold his interest in the ''Public Advertiser'' in November 1793. A successor ''Public Advertiser, or Political and Literary Diary'' was printed for some months by N. Byrne but was out of business by 1795. The anonymous polemicist Junius sent his public letters to the ''Public Advertiser''. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and Political philosophy, political philosopher.#b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stingo
Strong ale is a type of ale, usually above 5% Alcohol by volume, abv and often higher, between 7 and 11% abv, which spans a number of beer styles, including old ale, barley wine, and Burton ale. Strong ales are brewed throughout Europe and beyond, including in Beer in England, England, Beer in Belgium, Belgium, and the Beer in the United States, United States. Scotch ale was first used as a designation for strong ales exported from Edinburgh in the 18th century. Scotch ale is sometimes termed "wee heavy". A recipe for an unhopped Scotch ale can be found in the 17th-century cookery book ''The Closet Opened''. The strong ale described in John Mortimer (agriculturalist), John Mortimer's ''The whole Art of Husbandry'' (1708) was made from a ratio of eleven bushels of malt to a hogshead., quote: "The proportion of Hops may be half a Pound to an Hogshead of Strong-Ale, one Pound to an Hogshead of ordinary Strong-Beer to be soon drunk out, and two Pounds to an Hogshead of ''March'' or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Company Of Pioneers
The Black Company of Pioneers, also known as the Black Pioneers and Clinton's Black Pioneers, were a British Provincial military unit raised for Loyalist service during the American Revolutionary War. The Black Loyalist company was raised by General Sir Henry as a non-combatant replacement force for the disbanded Ethiopian Regiment in Philadelphia in late 1777 or early 1778. Pioneers were soldiers employed to perform engineering and construction tasks. In 1778, the Pioneers merged into the Guides and Pioneers, led by Colonel Beverley Robinson in New York. Its company commanders were Captain Allen Stewart and Captain Donald McPherson. In 1783, the company was disbanded in Port Roseway, Canada, now Shelburne, Nova Scotia. Company formed The Black Pioneers were an African American military unit, established, in May 1776, out of Lord Dunmore's disbanded Loyalist unit, the Royal Ethiopian Regiment. The Pioneers retained the Ethiopian regimental motto, which was embroidered on their un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Nova Scotians
Black Nova Scotians (also known as African Nova Scotians, Afro-Nova Scotians, and Africadians) are Black Canadians whose ancestors primarily date back to the Colonial history of the United States, Colonial United States as Slavery in the United States, slaves or Freeman (Colonial), freemen, later arriving in Nova Scotia, Canada during the 18th and early 19th centuries. As of the Canada 2021 Census, 2021 Census of Canada, 28,220 Black people live in Nova Scotia, most in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Halifax. Since the 1950s, numerous Black Nova Scotians have migrated to Toronto for its larger range of opportunities.Confederation's Casualties: The "Maritimer" as a Problem in 1960s Toronto Acadiensis. Retrieved 2014-02-04. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Black Loyalist
Black Loyalists were people of African descent who sided with Loyalists during the American Revolutionary War. In particular, the term referred to men enslaved by Patriots who served on the Loyalist side because of the Crown's guarantee of freedom. Some 3,000 Black Loyalists were evacuated from New York to Nova Scotia; they were individually listed in the '' Book of Negroes'' as the British gave them certificates of freedom and arranged for their transportation. More than 3,000 Black Loyalists relocated to Nova Scotia after the British defeat in 1783, settling in Birchtown, Digby, Guysborough County, Annapolis Royal, Preston and Halifax. By 1785, the majority of Black Loyalist communities had formed independent Black churches, and many had also established their own schools. However, the Black Loyalists were consistently denied land grants and exploited as a source of free labor by the colonial government. Some of the European Loyalists who emigrated to Nova Scotia bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lord Dunmore's Proclamation
Dunmore's Proclamation is a historical document signed on November 7, 1775, by John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, royal governor of the British colony of Virginia. The proclamation declared martial law in the colony, and promised freedom for "all indented servants, negroes, or others", who joined the British Army (see also Black Loyalists). Most relevant historians agree that the proclamation was chiefly designed for practical rather than moral reasons. Formally proclaimed on November 15, its publication prompted between 800 and 2,000 slaves (from both Patriot and Loyalist owners) to run away and enlist with Dunmore. It also raised a furor among Virginia's slave-owning elites (including those who had been sympathetic to Britain), to whom the possibility of a slave rebellion was a major fear. The proclamation ultimately failed in meeting Dunmore's objectives; he was forced out of the colony in 1776, taking about 300 former slaves with him. Later British commanders over the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Long (colonial Administrator)
Edward Long (23 August 1734 – 13 March 1813) was a British judge and historian best known for writing a book about the history of Jamaica in 1774 that was heavily rooted in proslavery thought. Early life Long was the fourth son of Samuel Long (1700–1757) of Longville, Jamaica, son of Charles Long MP, and his wife Mary Tate, born 23 August 1734 at St. Blazey, in Cornwall. His great-grandfather, Samuel Long, had arrived on the island in 1655 as a lieutenant in the English army of conquest, and the family established itself as part of the island's governing planter elite. His sister, Catherine Maria Long, married Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet (Governor of Jamaica), and Long, in Jamaica from 1757, became his private secretary. In 1752, Long became a law student at Gray's Inn, and from 1757 until 1769 he was resident in Jamaica. During this period he explored inside the Riverhead Cave, the Runaway Bay Caves and the Green Grotto. He was judge in the local vice admiralty court, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early Middle Ages, medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Kingdom of France, France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the English Navy of the early 16th century; the oldest of the British Armed Forces, UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the early 18th century until the World War II, Second World War, it was the world's most powerful navy. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superior ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livery Company
A livery company is a type of guild or professional association that originated in medieval times in London, England. Livery companies comprise London's ancient and modern trade associations and guilds, almost all of which are Style (form of address), styled the "Worshipful Company of" their craft, trade or profession. There are 113 livery companies as at March 2025. They play a significant part in the life of the City of London, not least by providing charitable-giving and networking opportunities. Liverymen retain voting rights for the senior Official, civic offices, such as the Lord Mayor of London, Lord Mayor, Sheriffs of London, Sheriffs and Court of Common Council, Common Council of the City of London Corporation, City Corporation, London's ancient Municipal corporation, municipal authority with extensive local government powers. The term ''livery'' originated in the designed form of dress worn by Affinity (medieval), retainers of a nobleman and then by extension to Unif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
