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Orhan Pojani
Orhan bey Pojani (1846–1913) was a prominent figure involved in the Albanian National Awakening. Founded in early 1880s, the magazine '' Drita'' by 1884 was led by Pojani along with Jovan Kosturi and Thimi Marko while it was distributed throughout Toskëria (southern Albania) and it advocated for Albanian language education in the Tosk dialect. He supported the Albanian educational movement and was also an executor of wealthy benefactor Anastas Avramidhi-Lakçe's will. Pojani was one of four trustees of the boys school in Korçë and in 1903 Ottoman authorities concerned with Albanian education and national sentiments arrested and exiled him to Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re .... In 1906, Greek bishop Photios was assassinated by an Albanian guerilla ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albanian National Awakening
The Albanian National Awakening ( sq, Rilindja or ), commonly known as the Albanian Renaissance or Albanian Revival, is a period throughout the 19th and 20th century of a cultural, political and social movement in the Albanian history where the Albanian people gathered strength to establish an independent cultural and political life as well as the country of Albania. Prior to the rise of nationalism, Albania remained under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries and the Ottoman authorities suppressed any expression of national unity or national conscience by the Albanian people. There is some debate among experts regarding when the Albanian nationalist movement should be considered to have started. Some sources attribute its origins to the revolts against centralisation in the 1830s, others to the publication of the first attempt by Naum Veqilharxhi at a standardized alphabet for Albanian in 1844,Zhelyazkova, Antonina (2000). "Albanian Identities". Sofi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drita (magazine)
''Drita'' (''Drita'' meaning "the light" in English) is an Albanian literary magazine published by the Association of the Young Modern Artists of Albania ( sq, Shoqëria e Artistëve të Rinj Modernë). ''Drita'' was one of the first magazines in the Albanian language. It has been published for 127 years with some interruptions. History: 1883-1922 ''Drita'' was one of the first newspapers published in Albanian. It was initially printed in Istanbul, Turkey (then Ottoman Empire) in 1883 for the first time. The Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights, the Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings and their president, Sami Frashëri, were the main contributors of the magazine, however their identity was secret at that time. The magazine's publisher was Petro Poga. Drita changed its name to ''Dituria'' (meaning in English "Knowledge") after the third issue and moved the magazine's base to Bucharest. The magazine was placed under the direction of Pandeli Sotiri. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Kosturi
Jovan Cico Kosturi (1831-1924), also known as Jovan Kosturi, was involved in the Albanian National Awakening. Founded in early 1880s, the magazine '' Drita'' by 1884 was led by Kosturi along with Orhan Pojani and Thimi Marko while it was distributed throughout Toskëria (southern Albania) and it advocated for Albanian language education in the Tosk dialect. During 1885, Kosturi set up a secret committee in Korçë to prepare an Albanian cultural society in the interior of the country. In 1906, Greek bishop Photios was assassinated by an Albanian guerilla band and as Ottoman authorities could not arrest the assassins, Kosturi and other Albanian notables involved in the national movement from Korçë were imprisoned. After some months the Greeks retaliated by assassinating Kosturi's son Spiro Kosturi in Salonica. Kosturi was also the father of Idhomene Kosturi, an Albanian politician, regent and once acting Prime Minister of Albania Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thimi Marko
Thimi Marko was a figure from Korçë involved in the Albanian National Awakening during the late Ottoman period. Founded in early 1880s, the magazine '' Drita'' by 1884 was led by Marko along with Orhan Pojani and Jovan Kosturi while it was distributed throughout Toskeria (southern Albania) and it advocated for Albanian language education in the Tosk dialect. Marko in 1885 was given the task by ''Drita'' to discuss with the Greek Metropolitan and his council ("Demogerontia") the matter of introducing Albanian into Orthodox schools in Korçë, however the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople ( el, Οἰκουμενικὸν Πατριαρχεῖον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, translit=Oikoumenikón Patriarkhíon Konstantinoupóleos, ; la, Patriarchatus Oecumenicus Constanti ... refused. Marko was one of four trustees of the boys school in Korçë and in 1903 Ottoman authorities concerned with Albanian education a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toskeri
Tosks ( sq, Toskët) are one of two major dialectal subgroups of Albanians (the other being the Ghegs) differentiated by their cultural, linguistic, social and religious characteristics. Territory ''Tosk'' may refer to the Tosk-speaking Albanian population of southern Albania and internal subgroups include the Myzeqars of Myzeqe. The Labs of Labëria (name version in sq, sing: Lab, pl. Lebër, also dial. sing.: Lap) and Chams of Çamëria are separate southern Albanian subgroups "In fact the Liaps and Tsams claimed to be autonomous tribes, distinct and separate from the Gegs and Tosks" "The Albanians are divided into two subgroups: southerners (Tosks, Labs and Chams) and northerners (Gegs), with a border formed by the river Shkumbin." "In historical literature the Chams are thought to form one of the four Albanian tribes (the Labs, Tosks and Gegs are the other three)." which at times are also included in the category of Tosks due to ethno-cultural and dialectal similarities. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tosk
Tosk ( sq-definite, toskërishtja) is the southern group of dialects of the Albanian language, spoken by the ethnographic group known as Tosks. The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern variety) is the Shkumbin River. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language. Major Tosk-speaking groups include the Myzeqars of Myzeqe, Labs of Labëria, Chams of Çamëria, Arvanites of Greece and the Arbëreshë of Italy, as well as the original inhabitants of Mandritsa in Bulgaria. In North Macedonia North Macedonia, ; sq, Maqedonia e Veriut, (Macedonia before February 2019), officially the Republic of North Macedonia,, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Socialist Feder ..., there were approximately 3000 speakers in the early 1980s. Tosk features * Rhotacism: Proto-Albanian ''*-n-'' becomes ''-r-'' (e.g. ''rëra'' "sand") * Tosk dialects preserve groups ''mb'', ''ngj'' and ''nd'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anastas Avramidhi-Lakçe
Anastas Avramidhi-Lakçe or Anastas Avram-Lakçe (1821–1890) was an Albanian businessman and benefactor. Avramidhi was born in Korçë, in modern southeastern Albania, then part of the Ottoman Empire. When he was young he migrated to Bucharest, Romania, where he became a successful businessman. Life Avramidhi was born in Korçë. He moved to Bucharest where he became a successful businessman and planned on awarding his fortune to the inhabitants of his hometown. Thus, he sponsored the foundation and function of several educational, and cultural institutions as well as religious ones. The local Orthodox cathedral of Saint George, was renovated due to his sponsorship. In January 1885 in Romania he became one of the founding members and the president of the Albanian association Drita ( en, Light), later renamed to Dituria ( en, Knowledge). He also intended to support the foundation of an Albanian school in Korçë and supported the cause of individuals like Thimi Marko, who wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mësonjëtorja
Mësonjëtorja or The Albanian School was the first secular school in the Albanian language within Ottoman Albania. It was opened in Korçë during the late Ottoman period. The school building serves as a museum and is located on the north side of ''Bulevardi Shën Gjergji'' (St. George Boulevard). The opening of the school was a result of the Albanian National Movement which aimed to create an independent Albania and to secure denied rights to Albanian people within the Ottoman Empire. Among others Mësonjëtorja was an important center of cultural and patriotic education. The school's importance was raised because until then giving lessons in the Albanian language was done in private and secret due to Ottoman rule. The school opened its doors on 7 March 1887 and since then the day is celebrated by Albanians as the "Day of Teachers". History In 1885, Naim Frashëri, a government civil servant in the education ministry, Sami Frashëri and along with other influential A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photios Of Korytsa
Photios Kalpidis ( el, Φώτιος Καλπίδης, 1862–1906) or Photios of Korytsa was the Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Korçë, Ottoman Empire, from 1902 to 1906. He was assassinated in 1906 by irregular bands due to his pro-Greek activity. Photios was proclaimed an " ethnomartyr" by the Church of Greece. Life Photios was born in 1862 in the village of Cakrak, in Pontus region, Ottoman Empire. After finishing school he moved to Constantinople and attended the Halki seminary. He graduated in 1889 with honors. The following year he was ordained hierodeacon, while he also became director of the Greek school of Giresun. In 1897 Photios was appointed secretary of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. In 1902 Photios was appointed metropolitan bishop of Korytsa and Premeti, centered in Korçe (), modern southeast Albania (then part of the Ottoman Empire). In general, Photios showed great interest in the promotion of the thriving Greek educational system amon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Activists Of The Albanian National Awakening
Activism (or Advocacy) consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived greater good. Forms of activism range from mandate building in a community (including writing letters to newspapers), petitioning elected officials, running or contributing to a political campaign, preferential patronage (or boycott) of businesses, and demonstrative forms of activism like rallies, street marches, strikes, sit-ins, or hunger strikes. Activism may be performed on a day-to-day basis in a wide variety of ways, including through the creation of art ( artivism), computer hacking (hacktivism), or simply in how one chooses to spend their money ( economic activism). For example, the refusal to buy clothes or other merchandise from a company as a protest against the exploitation of workers by that company could be considered an expression of activism. However, the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Korçë
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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