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Operation Hyacinth
Operation Hyacinth ( pl, Akcja "Hiacynt") was a secret mass operation of the Polish People’s Republic, Polish communist Milicja Obywatelska, police, carried out in the years 1985–87. Its purpose was to create national database of all Polish homosexuality, homosexuals and people who were in touch with them,Who is afraid of sexual minorities? Iwona Zielinska and it resulted in the registration of around 11,000 people. Beginnings Officially, Polish propaganda stated that the reasons for the launch of the action were as follows:What to do with "pink cards"? www.innastrona. ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People’s Republic
The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million near the end of its existence, it was the second-most populous communist and Eastern Bloc country in Europe. It was also one of the main signatories of the Warsaw Pact alliance. The largest city and official capital since 1947 was Warsaw, followed by the industrial city of Łódź and cultural city of Kraków. The country was bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north, the Soviet Union to the east, Czechoslovakia to the south, and East Germany to the west. The Polish People's Republic was a socialist one-party state, with a unitary Marxist–Leninist government headed by the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR). The country's official name was the "Republic of Poland" (') between 1947 and 1952 in accordance with the transitional Small Constitutio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikołaj Kozakiewicz
Mikołaj Kozakiewicz (24 December 1923 – 22 November 1998) was a Polish politician, publicist and sociologist. Kozakiewicz was born in Slonim, Belarus. He was a member of the United People's Party and deputy in the last communist Sejm (1985–1989). He was a member of the Polish Round Table Agreement on the government side. Later he joined the Polish People's Party and Partia Ludowo-Demokratyczna, and was a member of the Sejms (1989–1991, 1991–1993). He was Marshal of the Sejm in the Contract Sejm (10th and the last communist Sejm), from 23 June 1989 to 24 November 1991. Kozakiewicz was also a professor and author of many articles and books, mostly in the realm of sociology. An activist in many non-governmental organizations, he supported the homosexual rights movement and legalization of soft drugs Recreational drug use indicates the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness either for pleasure or for some other casual purpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1980s In Poland
__NOTOC__ Year 198 (CXCVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sergius and Gallus (or, less frequently, year 951 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 198 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire *January 28 **Publius Septimius Geta, son of Septimius Severus, receives the title of Caesar. **Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus, is given the title of Augustus. China *Winter – Battle of Xiapi: The allied armies led by Cao Cao and Liu Bei defeat Lü Bu; afterward Cao Cao has him executed. By topic Religion * Marcus I succeeds Olympianus as Patriarch of Constantinople (until 211). Births * Lu Kai (or Jingfeng), Chinese official and general (d. 269) * Quan Cong, Chinese general and advisor (d. 24 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavender Scare
The "lavender scare" was a moral panic about homosexual people in the United States government which led to their mass dismissal from government service during the mid-20th century. It contributed to and paralleled the anti-communist campaign which is known as McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare. Gay men and lesbians were said to be national security risks and communist sympathizers, which led to the call to remove them from state employment. It was thought that gay people were more susceptible to being manipulated, which could pose a threat to the country. The Lavender Scare – the federal government's official response to both a visible lesbian and gay community and a perceived homosexual menace – normalized persecution of homosexuals through bureaucratic institutionalization of homophobia. Former U.S. Senator Alan K. Simpson has written: The so-called 'Red Scare' has been the main focus of most historians of that period of time. A lesser-known element and one that har ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw Gay Movement
The Warsaw Gay Movement ( pl, Warszawski Ruch Homoseksualny, abbreviated: WRH) – was one of the first openly lesbian and gay organizations in Poland; it operated in Warsaw between 1987 and 1988. The Warsaw Gay Movement was started in 1987, initially only for gay men. The founders were a group of activists, led by Waldemar Zboralski, Sławomir Starosta and Krzysztof Garwatowski. However, lesbian women began joining the group during its first month of activity. The creation of the WRH was a counter-reaction by Polish gays against Operation Hyacinth, an anti-gay program started by Polish police in November 1985. The first activities of WRH focused on AIDS prevention and encouraging gay people to obtain HIV tests. The reaction of the Polish mainstream media to the existence of the Warsaw Gay Movement was positive. WRH activists had an opportunity to present they opinions in weekly newspapers, and on radio and Polish television. The Polish journalists were at the time on the sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Netflix
Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a film and television series library through distribution deals as well as its own productions, known as Netflix Originals. As of September 2022, Netflix had 222 million subscribers worldwide, including 73.3 million in the United States and Canada; 73.0 million in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, 39.6 million in Latin America and 34.8 million in the Asia-Pacific region. It is available worldwide aside from Mainland China, Syria, North Korea, and Russia. Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution, and it is a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA). Netflix can be accessed via web browsers or via application software installed on smart TVs, set-top boxes connected to televisions, tablet computers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomasz Ziętek
Tomasz Ziętek (born 28 June 1989, Inowrocław) is a Polish film and theatre actor as well as musician and guitarist. Life and career Ziętek was born on 7 May 1989 in Inowrocław. He graduated from the Bolesław III Wrymouth High School No. 1 in Słupsk, and completed studies at the Danuta Baduszkowa National Vocal and Drama School in Gdynia. In 2007, Ziętek won the Grand Prix of the "Niemen Non Stop" Festival of Young Talents in Słupsk, Poland. In 2005, he made his theatre debut by performing in ''Betlejem Polskie'' ("Polish Bethlehem"), a play staged in the New Theatre in Słupsk. In 2011, he played his first major film role of Zbigniew Godlewski in Antoni Krauze's drama film ''Black Thursday'', which recounts the events of the Polish protests of 1970. His other prominent roles include Jan Bytnar in Robert Gliński's 2014 war drama '' Stones for the Rampart'' and "Ronaldo" in Marcin Wrona's 2015 horror film '' Demon''. For his roles in ''Cicha noc'' ("Silent Night"; 2017 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Hyacinth (film)
''Operation Hyacinth'' ( pl, Hiacynt) is a 2021 Polish film directed by Piotr Domalewski, written by Marcin Ciaston and starring Tomasz Ziętek, Hubert Miłkowski, and Marek Kalita. The drama is based on the Operation Hyacinth (Polish: ''Akcja "Hiacynt"''), which was a secret mass operation of the Polish communist police, carried out in the years 1985–87. Its purpose was to create a national database of all Polish homosexuals and people who were in touch with them. The film was well received by critics. Plot Robert is in his mid-twenties and new to the Citizens' Militia (MO). His father Edward holds a senior position and is keen for his son to follow in his footsteps. Robert and his partner, Wojtek, investigate a case in which a serial murderer has been targeting gay men in Warsaw. Robert befrieds a German-language student Arek in order to infiltrate the local gay scene for the investiagtion. As he does so, he discovers a tangle of lies, blackmail, and cover-ups. Production ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrzej Selerowicz
Andrzej Selerowicz (born 25 April 1948) is a Polish-born Austrian LGBT activist, writer and literature translator from the English and German languages into the Polish language. Life and career Since 1976 he has been living in Vienna, Austria. He is a member of the LGBT organisation ''Homosexuelle Initiative Wien'' (HOSI Wien). Since 1982, he has been the chairman of EEIP (Eastern Europe Information Pool), as part of ILGA. He has been responsible for collecting and archiving an open, official, and accessible collection of media and publication sources about the situation of gays and lesbians in Eastern Europe until 1989. In 1984 he published a monograph about his research: * (1984) ''Rosa Liebe unter dem Roten Stern: zur Lage d. Lesben u. Schwulen in Osteuropa'', Published by: Frühlings Erwachen in Hamburg, Since 1983, he has supported the creation and development of the Polish gay and lesbian movement. Beginning in 1983, he started writing and spreading information among Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szymon Niemiec
Szymon Niemiec (born 5 October 1977, in Warsaw) is a Polish priest, gay rights activist, journalist, photographer, and politician. He is the founder of the first Polish Gay Pride parade, '' Parada Równości'' held in 2001. From 2000 to 2006, Niemiec held the post of Cultural Ambassador of Poland to the International Lesbian and Gay Culture Network. From 2001 to 2005, he was President of the International Lesbian and Gay Culture Association in Poland. Niemiec has been a member of the Union of the Left party since 2002, and on 6 May 2005 he was elected vice president. Since 2008 he is also a pastor of Free Reformed Church of Poland, a progressive Christian denomination. Since 2010 he serves as Elder in Full Connection and Dean of Missionary Conference for Europe in Christian United Church of Poland. On 25 August 2012, Niemiec was consecrated for a Bishop of the Church by Archbishop Terry Flynn. In May 2007 he published his first book: ''Rainbow Humming Bird on the Butt.'' From ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waldemar Zboralski
Waldemar Zboralski (born 4 June 1960) is a Polish veteran gay rights activist, politician, and journalist. Life Zboralski was born in Nowa Sól where he grew up and graduated from high school. He became a victim to the secret Operation Hyacinth organised by the Polish communist police. The purpose of the operation was to create a national database of all homosexuals and people who had some sort of contact with them. Zboralski arrived in Warsaw in 1986 and lived there for two years – from January 1986 to April 1988 – where he was an active participant and organizer of Warsaw gay movement. In 1987, he was a co-founder and the first chairman of Warsaw Gay Movement. In March 1988 Zboralski and a group of 15 people, including Sławek Starosta and Krzysztof Garwatowski, filed a formal application to register the ''Warsaw Gay Movement''. The application was rejected due to an intervention from General Kiszczak, Minister of Internal Affairs, for stated reasons of "public morali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milicja Obywatelska
Milicja Obywatelska (), in English known as the Citizens' Militia and commonly abbreviated to MO, was the national police organization of the Polish People's Republic. It was established on 7 October 1944 by the Polish Committee of National Liberation, effectively replacing the pre-war police force. The Citizen's Militia would remain the predominant means of policing in Poland until 10 May 1990, when it was transformed back into ''Policja''. The term ''milicja'' had been adapted from the cognate term, ''militsiya'', used in several communist countries. The term is derived from ''militia'', which derives its etymology from the concept of a military force composed of ordinary citizens. In most cases it represented a state-controlled force used to exert political repression, especially with its elite ZOMO squads. Under both communist and post-communist governments, the Polish police system has traditionally operated under the auspices of national authority. Starting at the end of W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
