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Operation Chahar
Operation Chahar (), known in Chinese as the Nankou Campaign (), occurred in August 1937, following the Battle of Beiping-Tianjin at the beginning of Second Sino-Japanese War. This was the second attack by the Kwantung Army and the Inner Mongolian Army of Prince Demchugdongrub on Inner Mongolia after the failure of the Suiyuan Campaign. The Chahar Expeditionary Force was under the direct command of General Hideki Tōjō, the chief of staff of the Kwantung Army. A second force from the Beiping Railway Garrison Force, later the 1st Army under General Kiyoshi Katsuki, was also involved. Japanese Order of battle The Chinese forces opposing this invasion of Suiyuan were the Suiyuan Pacification Headquarters under the command of General Yan Xishan. Fu Zuoyi, the governor of Suiyuan, was made commander of the 7th Group Army, and Liu Ruming, governor of Chahar, was made its deputy commander, defending Chahar with the 143rd Division and two Brigades. General Tang Enbo was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Wall Of China
The Great Wall of China (, literally "ten thousand ''li'' long wall") is a series of fortifications in China. They were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. The first walls date to the 7th century BC; these were joined together in the Qin dynasty. Successive dynasties expanded the wall system; the best-known sections were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). To aid in defense, the Great Wall utilized watchtowers, troop barracks, garrison stations, signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire, and its status as a transportation corridor. Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls (allowing control of immigration and emigration, and the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road), and the regulation of trade. The collective fortifications constituting the Great Wall stretch from Liaodong in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's China–Russia border, border with Russia (Zabaykalsky Krai). Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, and Ordos City, Ordos. The autonomous region was established in 1947, incorporating the areas of the former Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China provinces of Suiyuan, Chahar Province, Chahar, Rehe Province, Rehe, Liaobei, and Xing'an Province, Xing'an, along with the northern parts of Gansu and Ningxia. Its area makes it the List of Chinese administrative divisions by area, third largest Chinese administrative subdivision, constituting approximately and 12% of China's total land area. Due to its long span from east to west, Inn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beiping
"Beijing" is from pinyin ''Běijīng,'' which is romanized from , the Chinese name for this city. The pinyin system of transliteration was approved by the Chinese government in 1958, but little used until 1979. It was gradually adopted by various news organizations, governments, and international agencies over the next decade. Etymology The Chinese characters ("north") and ("capital") together mean the "Northern Capital". The name was first used during the reign of the Ming dynasty's Yongle Emperor, who made his northern fief a second capital, along with Nanjing (, the "Southern Capital"), in 1403 after successfully dethroning his nephew during the Jingnan Campaign. The name was restored in 1949 at the founding of the People's Republic of China. Peking Portugal was the first European country to contact China in modern times. In Portuguese, the city is called ''Pequim.'' This name appeared in the letters of Francis Xavier in 1552. It transferred to English as "Pekin" and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yi County, Hebei
Yi County or Yixian () is a county in Hebei province of China, administratively under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Baoding. It has an area of . History This is the site where the assassin Jing Ke set off on his final journey to assassinate the King of Qin. Administrative divisions Towns: * Yizhou (), Luangezhuang (), Xiling (), Peishan (), Tanghu (), Langyashan (), Lianggang (), Zijingguan () Townships: * Qiaotou Township (), Baima Township (), Liujing Township (), Gaocun Township (), Gaomo Township (), Dalonghua Township (), Angezhuang Township (), Xishanbei Township (), Weidu Township (), Dule Township (), Qiyu Township (), Fugang Township (), Pocang Township (), Niugang Township (), Qiaojiahe Township (), Ganhejing Township (), Caijiayu Township (), Nanchengsi Township (), Lingyunce Hui and Manchu Ethnic Township () Climate See also * Western Qing Tombs * Xiadu The Xiadu or Lower Capital of Yan () was one of the capitals o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei Lihuang
Wei Lihuang () (16 February 1897 – 17 January 1960) was a Chinese general who served the Nationalist government throughout the Chinese Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War as one of China's most successful military commanders. First joining the Kuomintang (KMT) during the early 1920s, Wei would rise to become general after the Northern Expedition (1926–1927), Northern Expedition, a two-year campaign to unify China. Chinese Civil War After the Fourth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet, fourth and Fifth encirclement campaign against the Eyuwan Soviet, fifth encirclement campaigns forced the main Communist forces to withdraw from the Eyuwan Soviet area, the Nationalists began a series of extermination campaigns against the remaining Communist guerrillas. The Communists had strong peasant support in this region and were able to hold out against repeated attempts to wipe them out. In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek gave Wei Lihuang several hundred thousand troops to accompli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Independent Mixed Brigade (Imperial Japanese Army)
There were two 11th Independent Mixed Brigades in the Imperial Japanese Army. The original 11th IMB The order of battle of the first 11th Independent Mixed Brigade in July 1937: 11th Independent Mixed Brigade * 11th Independent Infantry Regiment * 12th Independent Infantry Regiment * 11th Independent Cavalry Company * 11th Independent Field Artillery Regiment * 12th Independent Mountain Gun Regiment * 11th Independent Engineer Company * 11th Independent Transport Company This unit was involved in the Operation Chahar and Battle of Taiyuan in 1937, but soon after was recalled to Manchukuo where it was formed into the IJA 26th Division. The 11th IMB (1939-1945) The order of battle of the second 11th Independent Mixed Brigade, which was formed in 1939, for garrison duties in China: 11th Independent Mixed Brigade * 46th Infantry Battalion * 47th Infantry Battalion * 48th Infantry Battalion * 49th Infantry Battalion * 50th Infantry Battalion * 11th IMB Artillery Battalion * 11th IM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huailai
Huailai () is a County (People's Republic of China), county in northwestern Hebei province, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiakou. Huailai County is a center for Chinese grape wine, grape wine production, with the Great Wall Wine, China Great Wall Wine Company, Ltd. headquartered in the town of Shacheng, Hebei, Shacheng. Huailai Tianyuan Special Type Glass Co., Ltd. is also located in Huailai County. Geography and climate Huailai County is located in the eastern part of Zhangjiakou prefecture, with latitude ranging from 40° 04′ to 40° 35′ N and longitude 115° 16′ to 115° 58′ E. It contains the upper reaches of the Yongding River and borders Beijing Municipality. It is east-southeast of the urban area of Zhangjiakou and west-northwest of Beijing city proper. Huailai County has a monsoon-influenced, continentality, continental semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification, Köppen ''BSk''), with cold, dry, and windy winters an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longguan, Hebei
Longguan, formerly known as Longmen, is a Chinese town, town in Chicheng County in northwestern Hebei Province, China, situated along China National Highway 112 around east of downtown Zhangjiakou and southwest of the county seat as the crow flies. , it has 35 villages under its administration. History Under the name Longmen, the town was formerly the county seat, seat of a county under the administration of Xuanhua Prefecture during imperial times. See also * List of township-level divisions of Hebei References {{reflist Township-level divisions of Hebei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yanqing, Beijing
Yanqing District (), formerly known as Yanqing County before 2015, is a district of the municipality of Beijing located northwest of the city proper of Beijing, 74km away from the city center. The district consists of 3 subdistricts, 11 towns and 4 townships, and borders the Beijing districts of Huairou to the east and Changping to the south as well as the Hebei counties of Huailai to the west and Chicheng to the north. The district hosted the Expo 2019, and hosted alpine skiing, bobsled, luge and skeleton during the 2022 Winter Olympics. History In the Tang dynasty, Guichuan County, named after the Gui River, was established and belonged to the Gui Prefecture in Hebei, with a defensive military city. Eventually in 1952, it was reassigned to the Zhangjiakou Special Zone zh">:zh:张家口专区">zhin Hebei Province, and in 1958, it was transferred to Beijing. In November 2015, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved the adjustment of the administrativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juyongguan
Juyong Pass () is a mountain pass located in the Changping District of Beijing Municipality, over from central Beijing. The Great Wall of China passes through, and the Cloud Platform was built here in the year 1342. Mountain pass Geography Juyong Pass is in the -long Guangou Valley. During the Ming dynasty restoration and expansion of the Great Wall, it was one of the Three Inner Passes ''Nèisānguān'') from Mongolia to Beijing, along with Daoma Pass and Zijing Pass. The pass is also one of the three "Great Mountain Passes" in the Great Wall, along with Jiayuguan and Shanhaiguan. Juyongguan Pass has two 'sub-passes,' one at the valley's south and the other at the north. The southern one is called "Nan (pass)" and the northern is called "Badaling". History The pass had many different names during former Chinese dynasties. However, the name "Juyongguan" was used by more than three dynasties. It was first used in the Qin dynasty when Emperor Qin Shi Huang ordered the bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nankou, Beijing
Nankou Town () is a town situated on the northwestern corner of Changping District, Beijing, China. Bounded by part of Taihang Mountain Range in its north and west, Nankou borders Badaling and Jingzhuang Towns in its north, Chengnan Subdistrict and Shisanling Town in its east, Machikou and Liucun Towns in its south, and Ruiyunguan Township in its west. In 2020, it had 82,146 people under its administration. The area got its name Nankou (), from a fortified pass south of Juyong Pass. History Administrative divisions As of 2021, Nankou Town had 39 subdivisions within its borders, composed of 11 communities, and 28 villages: Gallery File:居庸关长城 - panoramio (1).jpg, Juyong Pass and surrounding section of the Great Wall, 2012 File:Beijing-Lhasa Expressway near Nankou, Changping, Beijing.jpg, Part of Beijing-Lhasa Expressway near Nankou, 2016 File:Entrance for Yilu Garden.jpg, Entrance of Yilu Garden, 2018 File:Beijing Vacuum Flask Industrial Company (202012011325 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao Chengshou
Zhao Chengshou (; 1891 – 1 October 1966), courtesy name Yinfu (印甫), was a Kuomintang general from Wutai County, Shanxi. Biography Early life In 1908, Zhao Chengshou was admitted to the Taiyuan Army Primary School. Subsequently, he was promoted to Qinghe Army Middle School. After the Xinhai Revolutionary Army launched the uprising in 1911, he returned to Shanxi Province to join the Xin Daining Public Corps (head of the continued Tongxi) as a coach. In November of the same year, two thousand people from Xin Daining Public Corps attacked Datong through Ruyuekou in Fanshi County. Zhao Chengshou led the left-wing guerrillas as a forward. When he entered Huairen County (modern Huairen), he learned that the League of Datong had held an uprising. The Qing Dynasty commander Wang Desheng had led his troops to retreat. On the same day, two thousand people from the Huai Army Guo dian State Department and Xuanhua Chenxiyi Department in Xuanhua District and Zhangjiakou of the Qing D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
