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Operation Berkshire
Operation Berkshire is the name of a program initiated in 1976 by seven of the world's major tobacco companies aimed at promoting "controversy" over smoking and disease. Description At the invitation of Tony Garrett, the Chairman of Imperial Tobacco, the CEOs of the tobacco companies met in secret in June 1977 at Shockerwick House in the United Kingdom "to develop a defensive smoking and health strategy, to avoid our countries and/or companies being picked off one by one, with a resultant domino effect." William K. Howell director and vice President of Philip Morris is credited with the marketing success of Marlboro cigarettes, after introducing the Marlboro man to the International world. They agreed to create a front organization, the ''International Committee on Smoking Issues'' (ICOSI) (renamed the ''International Tobacco Information Centre'', INFOTAB, in 1981), which operated through an internationally coordinated network of national manufacturers' associations to delay me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Companies
The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies who are engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. It is a global industry; tobacco can grow in any warm, moist environment, which means it can be farmed on all continents except Antarctica. According to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the "tobacco industry" encompasses tobacco manufacturers, wholesale distributors and importers of tobacco products. This evidence-based treaty expects its 181 ratified member states to implement public health policies with respect to tobacco control "to protect present and future generations from the devastating health, social, environmental and economic consequences of tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke." Tobacco, one of the most widely used addictive substances in the world, is a plant native to the Americas and historically one of the most important crops grown by Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Settlement Agreement
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) was entered on November 23, 1998, originally between the four largest United States tobacco companies (Philip Morris Inc., R. J. Reynolds, Brown & Williamson Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation was a U.S. tobacco company and a subsidiary of multinational British American Tobacco that produced several popular cigarette brands. It became infamous as the focus of investigations for chemically enhancin ... and Lorillard Tobacco Company, Lorillard – the "original participating manufacturers", referred to as the "Majors") and the attorney general, attorneys general of 46 states. The states settled their Medicaid lawsuits against the tobacco industry for recovery of their Health effects of tobacco, tobacco-related health-care costs. In exchange, the companies agreed to curtail or cease certain Tobacco advertising, tobacco marketing practices, as well as to pay, in perpetuity, various annual payments to the states to compensate them f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Cigarette Papers
''The Cigarette Papers'' is a 1996 non-fiction book by Stanton A. Glantz (editor), John Slade (editor), Lisa A. Bero (editor), Peter Hanauer (editor), Deborah E. Barnes (editor), and C. Everett Koop (Foreword), analyzing leaked documents that for the first time proved "tobacco companies had long known the grave dangers of smoking, and did nothing about it." In May 1994, 4,000 pages of internal tobacco industry documents were sent to the office of Professor Stanton Glantz, a well-known anti-smoking activist, at the University of California, San Francisco. The source of these "cigarette papers" was identified only as Mr. Butts and was only later identified as Merrell Williams, Jr. The documents provide an inside look at the internal activities of American tobacco company, Brown & Williamson, over more than 30 years. This is an authorized reprint of an article that appeared in ''The Nation ''The Nation'' is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisa Bero
Lisa Anne Bero, born 1958, is an academic who originally trained in pharmacology and went on to a career studying research integrity and how clinical and basic sciences are translated into clinical practice and health policy. Bero is a Professor of Medicine and Public Health and the Chief Scientist of the Center for Bioethics and Humanities at the University of Colorado. Previously, she had been Chair of Medicines Use and Health Outcomes at the University of Sydney. From 1991 until 2014, she was Professor in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy (School of Pharmacy) and in the Institute of Health Policy Studies (School of Medicine) at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and is currently an adjunct professor there. She is also Chair of the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Medicines Committee, Director of the WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Research and Science Policy, and was Co-Chair of the Cochrane Collaboration from 2013 to 2017. Bero has rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanton Glantz
Stanton Arnold Glantz (born 1946) is an American professor, author, and tobacco control activist. Glantz is a faculty member at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Medicine, where he is a Professor of Medicine (retired) in the Division of Cardiology, the American Legacy Foundation Distinguished Professor of Tobacco Control, and former director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. Glantz's research focused on the health effects of tobacco smoking. Described as the "Ralph Nader of the anti-tobacco movement," Glantz is an activist for nonsmokers' rights and an advocate of public health policies to reduce smoking. He is the author of four books, including '' The Cigarette Papers''S. Glantz, et al."''The Cigarette Papers''", University of California Press, 1996/ref> and ''Primer of Biostatistics''. Glantz is also a member of the UCSF Cardiovascular Research Institute and Institute for Health Policy Studies, and co-leader of the UCSF Compre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TheTruth
Truth (stylized as truth) is an American public-relations campaign aimed at reducing teen smoking in the United States. It is conducted by the Truth Initiative (formerly called the American Legacy Foundation until 2015) and funded primarily by money obtained from the tobacco industry under the terms of the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement reached between 46 U.S. states and the four largest companies in the tobacco industry. The Truth campaign includes television and digital content to encourage teens to reject tobacco and to unite against the tobacco industry. When the campaign was launched in 1998, the teen smoking rate was 23%. By 2023, the use of combustible tobacco products was down to 11.2%, but overall tobacco use was at 22.2% due to the rise of e-cigarette use among teens. In August 2014, a variation called "Finish It" was launched to assert that the current youth cohort should be the generation that ends smoking. History Florida Tobacco Program 1998–2003 The init ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented. Propaganda can be found in a wide variety of different contexts. Beginning in the twentieth century, the English term ''propaganda'' became associated with a Psychological manipulation, manipulative approach, but historically, propaganda had been a neutral descriptive term of any material that promotes certain opinions or ideology, ideologies. A wide range of materials and media are used for conveying propaganda messages, which changed as new technologies were invented, including paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites. More recently, the digital age has given rise to new ways of dissemina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Project SCUM
Project SCUM was a plan proposed in 1995 by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company (RJR) to sell cigarettes to members of the "alternative lifestyle" areas of San Francisco, in particular the large number of gay people in the Castro and homeless people in the Tenderloin. The acronym "SCUM" officially stood for "subculture urban marketing". Perhaps recognizing the offensive nature of its label, the marketing plan was later renamed Project Sourdough. Project An anti-smoking campaign called Truth targeted R. J. Reynolds for Project SCUM, arguing that it not only showed the usual exploitative tobacco marketing techniques but added to them an explicit contempt or even hatred for the people it was trying to market its products to. ''SF Weekly'' reported: "This is a hate crime, plain and simple," said Kathleen DeBold, director of the Washington, D.C.–based Mautner Project for Lesbians With Cancer. "What else do you call it when a group thinks of gays and lesbians as 'scum', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement
The Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) was entered on November 23, 1998, originally between the four largest United States Tobacco industry, tobacco companies (Altria, Philip Morris Inc., R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, R. J. Reynolds, Brown & Williamson and Lorillard Tobacco Company, Lorillard – the "original participating manufacturers", referred to as the "Majors") and the attorney general, attorneys general of 46 states. The states settled their Medicaid lawsuits against the tobacco industry for recovery of their Health effects of tobacco, tobacco-related health-care costs. In exchange, the companies agreed to curtail or cease certain Tobacco advertising, tobacco marketing practices, as well as to pay, in perpetuity, various annual payments to the states to compensate them for some of the Health care prices, medical costs of caring for persons with smoking-related illnesses. The money also funds a new anti-smoking advocacy group, called the Truth Initiative, that is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Insider (film)
''The Insider'' is a 1999 American biographical drama film directed by Michael Mann and written by Mann and Eric Roth, based on Marie Brenner's 1996 ''Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair'' article "The Man Who Knew Too Much". The film stars Al Pacino, Russell Crowe, Christopher Plummer, Bruce McGill, Diane Venora and Michael Gambon. A fictionalized account of a true story, it centers on the controversial ''60 Minutes'' segment about Jeffrey Wigand, a whistleblower in the big tobacco, tobacco industry, covering his and CBS producer Lowell Bergman's struggles as they defend his testimony against efforts to discredit and suppress it by CBS and Wigand's former employer. Although Box-office bomb, not a box-office success, ''The Insider'' received acclaim from critics, who praised Crowe's portrayal of Wigand and Mann's direction. It was nominated for seven 72nd Academy Awards, Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Picture and Academy Award for Best Actor, Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicotine
Nicotine is a natural product, naturally produced alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants (most predominantly in tobacco and ''Duboisia hopwoodii'') and is widely used recreational drug use, recreationally as a stimulant and anxiolytic. As a pharmaceutical drug, it is used for smoking cessation to relieve drug withdrawal, withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine acts as a receptor agonist at most nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), except at two nicotinic receptor subunits (nAChRα9 and nAChRα10) where it acts as a receptor antagonist. Nicotine constitutes approximately 0.6–3.0% of the dry weight of tobacco. Nicotine is also present at Parts-per notation, ppb concentrations in edible plants in the family Solanaceae, including potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants, though sources disagree on whether this has any biological significance to human consumers. It functions as an plant defense against herbivory, antiherbivore toxin; consequently, nicotine was widely used as an insecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Cullman
Hugh is the English-language variant of the masculine given name , itself the Old French variant of '' Hugo (name)">Hugo'', a short form of Continental Germanic Germanic name">given names beginning in the element "mind, spirit" (Old English ). The Germanic name is on record beginning in the 8th century, in variants ''Chugo, Hugo, Huc, Ucho, Ugu, Uogo, Ogo, Ougo,'' etc. The name's popularity in the Middle Ages ultimately derives from its use by Frankish nobility, beginning with Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris Hugh the Great (898–956). The Old French form was adopted into English from the Norman period (e.g. Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury d. 1098; Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, d. 1101). The spelling ''Hugh'' in English is from the Picard variant spelling '' Hughes'', where the orthography ''-gh-'' takes the role of ''-gu-'' in standard French, i.e. to express the phoneme /g/ as opposed to the affricate /ʒ/ taken by the grapheme ''g'' before front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
