|
Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas
Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas (; Operation Jerusalem), also known as the Operation Toward Beit-ol-Moqaddas (), was an Iranian operation conducted during the Iran–Iraq War. The operation was a success, as it achieved its standing aim of liberating Khorramshahr and pushed Iraqi troops back to the border. This operation, coupled with Operation Tariq-ol-Qods, and Operation Fath-ol-Mobin, succeeded in evicting Iraqi troops from southern Iran and gave Iran the momentum. Prelude On 22 September 1980, because of threats from Khomeini's regime, leading to the abrogation of the 1975 Algiers Agreement, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein declared war against Iran and launched a land invasion of southern Iran, although operations did occur elsewhere on the Iran–Iraq border. After achieving successes due to the post-Revolution military and political chaos in Iran, Saddam Hussein ordered that the Iraqi troops "dig-in" on the front line. He hoped that this would show the world that he care ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Active hostilities began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for nearly eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 by both sides. Iraq's primary rationale for the attack against Iran cited the need to prevent Ruhollah Khomeini—who had spearheaded the Iranian revolution in 1979—from exporting the new Iranian ideology to Iraq. There were also fears among the Iraqi leadership of Saddam Hussein that Iran, a theocratic state with a population predominantly composed of Shia Muslims, would exploit sectarian tensions in Iraq by rallying Iraq's Shia majority against the Baʽathist government, which was officially secular but dominated by Sunni Muslims. Iraq also wished to replace Iran as the power player in the Persian Gulf, which was not seen as an achievable objective prior to the Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
President (government Title)
President is a common title for the head of state in most republics. Depending on the country, a president could be head of government, a ceremonial figurehead, or something between these two extremes. The functions exercised by a president vary according to the form of government. In parliamentary republics, they are usually, but not always, limited to those of the head of state and are thus largely ceremonial. In presidential system, presidential and selected parliamentary (e.g. Botswana and South Africa) republics the role of the president is more prominent, encompassing the functions of the head of government. In semi-presidential system, semi-presidential republics, the president has some discretionary powers like over foreign affairs, appointment of the head of government and defence, but they are not themselves head of government. A leader of a one-party state may also hold the position of president for ceremonial purposes or to maintain an official state position. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Sayyad Shirazi
Ali Sayad Shirazi (, 13 June 1944 – 10 April 1999) was an Iranian military officer. He served as commander of the Iranian Ground Forces during the Iran–Iraq War and was a key military figure during the war. He was assassinated by Mojahedin-e Khalq in 1999 while serving as the deputy chief of the Iranian Armed Forces General Staff. Early life Shirazi was born in Dargaz, Kabud Gonbad Rural District, Iran on 13 June 1944 and was of Afshar descent. His ancestors being from Isthabanat and Neyriz in Fars province. His grandfather, setting out to Khorasan, settled in Dargaz. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to Mashhad, where they lived for 2 years and later moved to the region of Mazandaran, living in the cities of Gorgan, Amol and Gonbad Kavous. He graduated from Amirkabir High School in Tehran. His father being a non-commissioned officer in the Iranian military inspired and motivated him to join the Army and in 1964 he joined as a cadet. Career Shirazi was commiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohsen Rezaei
Mohsen Rezaee Mirgha'ed (, born Sabzevar Rezaee Mirgha'ed (); born 1 September 1954) is an Iranian Iranian Principlists, conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who is currently a member of the Expediency Discernment Council, secretary of the , as well as the secretary of the Iranian government's Economic Committee. He was secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council from 1997 to 2021 and Vice President of Iran for Economic Affairs between 2021 and 2023. From 1980 to 1997, Rezaee was commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Before the Iranian Revolution, Rezaee was a member of the Islamist guerrilla rebel group ''Mansouroun'' and joined the Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization following the revolution. Dubbed a "perennial candidate", Rezaee ran as a conservative presidential candidate in the 2009 Iranian presidential election, 2009 electi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basij
The Basij (, lit. ''The Mobilization'') or Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (, lit. ''Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed''), is a paramilitary volunteer militia within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and one of its five branches. The force is named ''Basij''; an individual member is called ''basiji'' in the Persian language. , Gholamreza Soleimani is the commander of the Basij. A paramilitary volunteer militia established in Iran in 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution, the organization originally consisted of civilian volunteers, often from poor, tribal, rural backgrounds effected from Post-Revolution economical and geopolitical issues, who were urged by Khomeini to fight in the Iran–Iraq War. Khomeini would occasionally refer to Basij as "The Twenty Million Army", claiming that about 75% of the time's population are Basijis. He would elaborate saying, that a country with 20 million of its people as their army, will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehr News Agency
The Mehr News Agency (MNA; ) is a semi-official news agency sponsored by the government of Iran. It is headquartered in Tehran, and is owned by the Iranian government's Islamic Development Organization (IIDO). Mehr publishes all content on its website under the Creative Commons license#Version 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. History and profile Established on 22 June 2003, MNA is the most multilingual (transmitting news and photos in six languages) news agency in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The first CEO and Director General was Parviz Esmaeili, and its current CEO and Director General is Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati. The director of the agency is selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran. MNA includes coverage in the following areas: * Art (cinema, theater, music, visual arts) * Culture and literature (poetry, stories, books) * Religion and thought * Seminary and university * Modern Technology * Social * Economy * Political * International * Sports * Magazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Khorramshahr (1980)
The First Battle of Khorramshahr was a major battle in the Iran–Iraq War, beginning shortly after the Iraqi invasion of Iran in September 1980. Amidst the gruelling urban warfare in and around the city, Khorramshahr came to be referred to by the Iranians as (, ), as both sides had suffered heavy casualties in combat. It was the single largest urban battle of the Iran–Iraq war. Though Ba'athist Iraq, Iraq ultimately captured the city, it had come at a high cost; the offensive into Khorramshahr, which took 34 days, drew an immense investment of troops, far beyond what Iraqi war plans had envisaged. The incredible delay allowed Iran to stabilize the frontlines at Dezful, Ahvaz, and Susangerd, consequently enabling the relatively swift mobilization of Iranian reinforcements into oil-rich Khuzestan province, Khuzestan, which Iraq had sought to annex. At the time of the Iraqi offensive, Khorramshahr was mainly being defended by the heavily outnumbered Special forces of Iran#Army, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorramshahr
Khorramshahr (; ) is a city in the Central District of Khorramshahr County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. It is also known in Arabic by the local ethnically Arab population as Al-Muhammarah (). Khorramshahr is an inland port city located approximately north of Abadan. The city extends to the right bank of the Shatt Al Arab waterway near its confluence with the Haffar arm of the Karun river. The city was destroyed in the Iran–Iraq War, with the 1986 census recording a population of zero. Khorramshahr was rebuilt after the war, and more recent censuses show that the population has returned to the pre-war level. History The area where the city exists today was originally under the waters of the Persian Gulf. It later became part of the vast marshlands and the tidal flats at the mouth of the Karun River. The small town known as ''Piyan'', and later ''Bayan'' appeared in the area no sooner than the late Parthian time in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Susangerd
Susangerd () is a city in the Central District (Dasht-e Azadegan County), Central District of Dasht-e Azadegan County, Khuzestan province, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. The vast majority of its inhabitants are Iranian Arabs#Khuzestan, Khuzestani Arab people. Susangerd is considered among the famous cities of Iran due to the Iran-Iraq war and the city's liberation from the siege of Iraqi forces. History In the past, the city of Susangerd was a village called Khafajieh and the area around it was called Dasht-e-Mishan. Later, during the reign of Reza Shah, this village was changed to the name of the city of Susangerd, which means the place of worship of Nahid in ancient Iran. The name of Dasht-e-Mishan, which was the old and ancient name of the region, was changed to Dasht-e-Azadegan after the Islamic Revolution, meaning "Plain of the Free." During the war, the Iraqi army tried three times to capture Susangerd, which siege was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahvaz
Ahvaz (; ) is a city in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is home to Persians, Arabs and other groups such as Qashqai and Kurds. Languages spoken in the area include Persian, Khuzestāni Arabic, Southern Kurdish, Neo-Mandaic, and dialects such as Bakhtiari, Dezfuli and Shushtari. Ahvaz is home to over 1.3 million people within its metropolitan area. Census results suggest a steady increase in population. As the most watery river in Iran, the Karun flows through the center of the city, which is one of the two navigable rivers in Iran, alongside the Arvand Rud. Ahvaz has earned the reputation of being the City of Bridges due to its numerous big bridges built on the Karun to facilitate better communication between the east and west parts of the city, although since the beginning of the 20th century, this city has always been known as the Oil Capital of Iran, along with o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Tariq Al-Qods
The Liberation of Bostan, that codenamed Operation Tariq al-Quds (, meaning "Operation Path to Jerusalem") was a military operation launched by Iran during the Iran–Iraq War to free Bostan in the Khuzestan province. It was fought from 29 November to 7 December 1981 and was carried out jointly by the Iranian Army and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The operation resulted in the liberation of Bostan and 70 villages. The news of Bostan's liberation was the first such news released during the war. It was labeled by Ayatollah Khomeini, Iran's leader at the time, as "the victory of victories". Before the battle Iran initially tried to regain control over Bostan in August 1981 but was not successful. Operation planning The operation was designed by two independent groups affiliated with IRGC and the Iranian army, respectively under the supervision of Mohsen Rezaei and Ali Sayyad Shirazi. The planning groups selected Dashte-e Azadegan zone for the operation, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (, ), also known as the 1979 Revolution, or the Islamic Revolution of 1979 (, ) was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions. The ousting of Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, formally marked the end of Iran's historical monarchy. In 1953, the CIA- and MI6-backed 1953 Iranian coup d'état overthrew Iran’s democratically elected Prime Minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, who had nationalized the country's oil industry to reclaim sovereignty from British control. The coup reinstalled Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as an absolute monarch and entrenched Iran as a client state of the U.S. and UK. Over the next 26 years, Pahlavi consolidated authoritarian rule, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
